PULPOTOMY TREATMENT OF PRİMARY TEETH

Abstract

Pulpotomy is an effective, vital pulp therapy procedure for caries-affected or traumatized primary teeth. Pulpotomy of primary teeth provides favorable clinical results over time; but there is still not a consensus on an ideal pulp dressing material to date. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to compare pulpotomy agents to create a preferred material to use.

Keywords

• pulpotomy
• MTA
• Biodentine
• formocresol
• laser

References

1. 1. Fernández CC, Martínez SS, Jimeno FG, Lorente Rodríguez AI, Mercadé M. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of the use of four dressing materials in pulpotomized primary molars: a randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2013;23(6):400-7.
2. 2. Erdem AP, Guven Y, Balli B, Ilhan B, Sepet E, Ulukapi I, et al. Success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate, ferric sulfate, and formocresol pulpotomies: a 24-month study. Pediatric dentistry. 2011;33(2):165-70.
3. 3. Fuks AB. Vital pulp therapy with new materials for primary teeth: new directions and Treatment perspectives. Pediatric dentistry. 2008;30(3):211-9.
4. 4. Primosch RE, Glomb TA, Jerrell RG. Primary tooth pulp therapy as taught in predoctoral pediatric dental programs in the United States. Pediatric dentistry. 1997;19(2):118-22.,
5. 5. Vij R, Coll JA, Shelton P, Farooq NS. Caries control and other variables associated with success of primary molar vital pulp therapy. Pediatric dentistry. 2004;26(3):214-20.
6. 6. Holan G, Fuks AB, Ketlz N. Success rate of formocresol pulpotomy in primary molars restored with stainless steel crown vs amalga. Pediatric dentistry. 2002;24(3):212-6.
7. 7. Block RM, Lewis RD, Sheats JB, Fawley J. Cell-mediated immune response to dog pulp tissue altered by formocresol within the root canal. Journal of endodontics. 1977;3(11):424-30.
8. 8. Myers DR, Shoaf HK, Dirksen TR, Pashley DH, Whitford GM, Reynolds KE. Distribution of 14C-formaldehyde after pulpotomy with formocresol. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 1978;96(5):805-13.

9. 9. Kulkarni GK, Dogan MS, Akleyin E, Yavuz I. Analysıs of Failures of Pulpotomy Treated Prımary Teeth: A Case Series and Review. J Dent Oral Disord Ther 2021;9(1): 1- 6.
10. 10. Fuks AB, Papagiannoulis L. Pulpotomy in primary teeth: review of the literature according to standardized criteria. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2006;7(2):64-71; discussion 2.
11. 11. Goyal S, Abuwala T, Joshi K, Mehta J, Indushekar KR, Hallikerimath S. The Clinical, Radiographic and Histological evaluation of three different concentrations of Formocresol as a pulpotomy agent. Journal of international oral health : JIOH. 2014;6(2):118-25.
12. 12. Ranly DM. Pulpotomy therapy in primary teeth: new modalities for old rationales. Pediatric dentistry. 1994;16(6):403-9.
13. 13. Gupta K, Thakur V, Gupta N, Sharma A, Mahajan A, Gupta K. Comparative evaluation of formocresol and electrosurgical pulpotomy in human primary teeth-An in vivo study. International Journal of Forensic Odontology. 2018;3(1):21.
14. 14. Bossù M, Iaculli F, Di Giorgio G, Salucci A, Polimeni A, Di Carlo S. Different Pulp Dressing Materials for the Pulpotomy of Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of clinical medicine. 2020;9(3).
15. 15. Tziafas D, Smith AJ, Lesot H. Designing new treatment strategies in vital pulp therapy. Journal of dentistry. 2000;28(2):77-92.
16. 16. Camilleri J. The biocompatibility of modified experimental Portland cements with potential for use in dentistry. International endodontic journal. 2008;41(12):1107-14.
17. 17. Mestieri LB, Gomes-Cornélio AL, Rodrigues EM, Salles LP, Bosso-Martelo R, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, et al. Biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers in human dental pulp cells. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2015;23(5):467-71.
18. 18. Cuadros-Fernández C, Lorente Rodríguez AI, Sáez-Martínez S, García-Binimelis J, About I, Mercadé M. Short-term treatment outcome of pulpotomies in primary molars using mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical oral investigations. 2016;20(7):1639-45.
19. 19. Niranjani K, Prasad MG, Vasa AA, Divya G, Thakur MS, Saujanya K. Clinical Evaluation of Success of Primary Teeth Pulpotomy Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate(®), Laser and Biodentine(TM)- an In Vivo Study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. 2015;9(4):Zc35-7.
20. 20. Rajasekharan S, Martens LC, Vandenbulcke J, Jacquet W, Bottenberg P, Cauwels RG. Efficacy of three different pulpotomy agents in primary molars: a randomized control trial. International endodontic journal. 2017;50(3):215-28.
21. 21. Camilleri J, Sorrentino F, Damidot D. Investigation of the hydration and bioactivity of radiopacified tricalcium silicate cement, Biodentine and MTA Angelus. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials. 2013;29(5):580-93.
22. 22. Kim JR, Nosrat A, Fouad AF. Interfacial characteristics of Biodentine and MTA with dentine in simulated body fluid. Journal of dentistry. 2015;43(2):241-7.
23. 23. Ozdemir Y, Kutukculer N, Topaloglu-Ak A, Kose T, Eronat C. Comparative evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in pulpotomized primary molars. Journal of oral science. 2015;57(2):145-50.
24. 24. Akcay M, Sari S. The effect of sodium hypochlorite application on the success of calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomies in primary teeth. Pediatric dentistry. 2014;36(4):316-21.
25. 25. Akcay M, Sari S, Duruturk L, Gunhan O. Effects of sodium hypoclorite as disinfectant material previous to pulpotomies in primary teeth. Clinical oral investigations. 2015;19(4):803-11.
26. 26. Parirokh M, Torabinejad M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review--Part III: Clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action. Journal of endodontics. 2010;36(3):400-13.
27. 27. Camilleri J. Color stability of white mineral trioxide aggregate in contact with hypochlorite solution. Journal of endodontics. 2014;40(3):436-40.
28. 28. Tran XV, Gorin C, Willig C, Baroukh B, Pellat B, Decup F, et al. Effect of a calcium-silicate-based restorative cement on pulp repair. Journal of dental research. 2012;91(12):1166-71.
29. 29. Shayegan A, Jurysta C, Atash R, Petein M, Abbeele AV. Biodentine used as a pulp-capping agent in primary pig teeth. Pediatric dentistry. 2012;34(7):e202-8.
30. 30. Nowicka A, Lipski M, Parafiniuk M, Sporniak-Tutak K, Lichota D, Kosierkiewicz A, et al. Response of human dental pulp capped with biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate. Journal of endodontics. 2013;39(6):743-7.
31. 31. Çelik BN, Mutluay MS, Arıkan V, Sarı Ş. The evaluation of MTA and Biodentine as a pulpotomy materials for carious exposures in primary teeth. Clinical oral investigations. 2019;23(2):661-6.
32. 32. Doyle TL, Casas MJ, Kenny DJ, Judd PL. Mineral trioxide aggregate produces superior outcomes in vital primary molar pulpotomy. Pediatric dentistry. 2010;32(1):41-7.
33. 33. Ibricevic H, al-Jame Q. Ferric sulfate as pulpotomy agent in primary teeth: twenty month clinical follow-up. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2000;24(4):269-72.
34. 34. Smaïl-Faugeron V, Glenny AM, Courson F, Durieux P, Muller-Bolla M, Fron Chabouis H. Pulp treatment for extensive decay in primary teeth. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2018;5(5):Cd003220.
35. 35. Sonmez D, Sari S, Cetinbaş T. A Comparison of four pulpotomy techniques in primary molars: a long-term follow-up. Journal of endodontics. 2008;34(8):950-5.
36. 36. Camp J. Pediatric endodontics, endodontic treatment for the primary and young permanent dentition. Pathways of the Pulp. 2002:833-9.
37. 37. Waterhouse PJ, Nunn JH, Whitworth JM, Soames JV. Primary molar pulp therapy--histological evaluation of failure. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2000;10(4):313-21.
38. 38. Salako N, Joseph B, Ritwik P, Salonen J, John P, Junaid TA. Comparison of bioactive glass, mineral trioxide aggregate, ferric sulfate, and formocresol as pulpotomy agents in rat molar. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2003;19(6):314-20.
39. 39. Caicedo R, Abbott PV, Alongi DJ, Alarcon MY. Clinical, radiographic and histological analysis of the effects of mineral trioxide aggregate used in direct pulp capping and pulpotomies of primary teeth. Australian dental journal. 2006;51(4):297-305.
40. 40. Pruhs RJ, Olen GA, Sharma PS. Relationship between formocresol pulpotomies on primary teeth and enamel defects on their permanent successors. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 1977;94(4):698-700.
41. 41. Tziafas D, Pantelidou O, Alvanou A, Belibasakis G, Papadimitriou S. The dentinogenic effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in short-term capping experiments. International endodontic journal. 2002;35(3):245-54.
42. 42. Myers DR, Pashley DH, Whitford GM, McKinney RV. Tissue changes induced by the absorption of formocresol from pulpotomy sites in dogs. Pediatric dentistry. 1983;5(1):6-8.
43. 43. Ruemping DR, Morton TH, Jr., Anderson MW. Electrosurgical pulpotomy in primates--a comparison with formocresol pulpotomy. Pediatric dentistry. 1983;5(1):14-8.
44. 44. Shoji S, Nakamura M, Horiuchi H. Histopathological changes in dental pulps irradiated by CO2 laser: a preliminary report on laser pulpotomy. Journal of endodontics. 1985;11(9):379-84.
45. 45. Smith NL, Seale NS, Nunn ME. Ferric sulfate pulpotomy in primary molars: a retrospective study. Pediatric dentistry. 2000;22(3):192-9.
46. 46. Ruby JD, Cox CF, Mitchell SC, Makhija S, Chompu-Inwai P, Jackson J. A randomized study of sodium hypochlorite versus formocresol pulpotomy in primary molar teeth. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2013;23(2):145-52.
47. 47. Lewis BB, Chestner SB. Formaldehyde in dentistry: a review of mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939). 1981;103(3):429-34.
48. 48. Lewis B. Formaldehyde in dentistry: a review for the millennium. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 1998;22(2):167-77.
49. 49. Casas MJ, Kenny DJ, Judd PL, Johnston DH. Do we still need formocresol in pediatric dentistry? Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 2005;71(10):749-51.
50. 50. Lewis B. The obsolescence of formocresol. British dental journal. 2009;207(11):525-8.
51. 51. Milnes AR. Is formocresol obsolete? A fresh look at the evidence concerning safety issues. Journal of endodontics. 2008;34(7 Suppl):S40-6.
52. 52. Bergoli AD, Primosch RE, de Araujo FB, Ardenghi TM, Casagrande L. Pulp therapy in primary teeth--profile of teaching in Brazilian dental schools. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2010;35(2):191-5.
53. 53. Dunston B, Coll JA. A survey of primary tooth pulp therapy as taught in US dental schools and practiced by diplomates of the American Board Of Pediatric Dentistry. Pediatric dentistry. 2008;30(1):42-8.
54. 54. Ni Chaollai A, Monteiro J, Duggal MS. The teaching of management of the pulp in primary molars in Europe: a preliminary investigation in Ireland and the UK. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2009;10(2):98-103.
55. 55. Stringhini Junior E, Vitcel ME, Oliveira LB. Evidence of pulpotomy in primary teeth comparing MTA, calcium hydroxide, ferric sulphate, and electrosurgery with formocresol. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2015;16(4):303-12.
56. 56. Lemon RR, Steele PJ, Jeansonne BG. Ferric sulfate hemostasis: effect on osseous wound healing. Left in situ for maximum exposure. Journal of endodontics. 1993;19(4):170-3.
57. 57. Golpayegani MV, Ansari G, Tadayon N. Clinical and radiographic success of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on primary molars pulpotomy. Res J Biol Sci. 2010;5(1):51-5.
58. 58. Fernandes AP, Lourenço Neto N, Teixeira Marques NC, Silveira Moretti AB, Sakai VT, Cruvinel Silva T, et al. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of the use of Low-Level Laser Therapy in vital pulp of primary teeth. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2015;25(2):144-50.
59. 59. Durmus B, Tanboga I. In vivo evaluation of the treatment outcome of pulpotomy in primary molars using diode laser, formocresol, and ferric sulphate. Photomedicine and laser surgery. 2014;32(5):289-95.
60. 60. AlGhamdi KM, Kumar A, Moussa NA. Low-level laser therapy: a useful technique for enhancing the proliferation of various cultured cells. Lasers in medical science. 2012;27(1):237-49.
61. 61. Basso FG, Pansani TN, Turrioni AP, Bagnato VS, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. In vitro wound healing improvement by low-level laser therapy application in cultured gingival fibroblasts. International journal of dentistry. 2012;2012:719452.
62. 62. Martens LC. Laser physics and a review of laser applications in dentistry for children. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2011;12(2):61-7.
63. 63. Oliveira TM, Moretti AB, Sakai VT, Lourenço Neto N, Santos CF, Machado MA, et al. Clinical, radiographic and histologic analysis of the effects of pulp capping materials used in pulpotomies of human primary teeth. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013;14(2):65-71.
64. 64. Parirokh M, Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Stowe S, Eslami B, Eskandarizade A, et al. A comparative study of white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate as pulp capping agents in dog's teeth. Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology. 2005;21(3):150-4.
65. 65. Haghgoo R, Abbasi F. A histopathological comparison of pulpotomy with sodium hypochlorite and formocresol. Iranian endodontic journal. 2012;7(2):60-2.
66. 66. Saltzman B, Sigal M, Clokie C, Rukavina J, Titley K, Kulkarni GV. Assessment of a novel alternative to conventional formocresol-zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomy for the treatment of pulpally involved human primary teeth: diode laser-mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2005;15(6):437-47.
67. 67. Havale R, Anegundi RT, Indushekar K, Sudha P. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpotomies in primary molars with formocresol, glutaraldehyde and ferric sulphate. Oral health and dental management. 2013;12(1):24-31.
68. 68. Hill SD, Berry CW, Seale NS, Kaga M. Comparison of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of glutaraldehyde and formocresol. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1991;71(1):89-95.
69. 69. Giuliana G. [Use of glutaraldehyde in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth]. Stomatologia mediterranea : SM. 1988;8(3):251-5.
70. 70. El-Meligy O, Abdalla M, El-Baraway S, El-Tekya M, Dean JA. Histological evaluation of electrosurgery and formocresol pulpotomy techniques in primary teeth in dogs. The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry. 2001;26(1):81-5.
71. 71. Yakuschji M. Pulpotomy of primary teeth by means of electrosurgery. Shoni Shikagaku Zasshi. 1975;13:213-9.
72. 72. Khorakian F, Mazhari F, Asgary S, Sahebnasagh M, Alizadeh Kaseb A, Movahhed T, et al. Two-year outcomes of electrosurgery and calcium-enriched mixture pulpotomy in primary teeth: a randomised clinical trial. European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;15(4):223-8.
73. 73. Dean JA, Mack RB, Fulkerson BT, Sanders BJ. Comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures in children. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2002;12(3):177-82.
74. 74. Bahrololoomi Z, Moeintaghavi A, Emtiazi M, Hosseini G. Clinical and radiographic comparison of primary molars after formocresol and electrosurgical pulpotomy: a randomized clinical trial. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2008;19(3):219-23.