Sodium Hypochlorite Injuries in Endodontics: A Bibliometric Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 151 - 158, 31.12.2025

Beyhan Başkan , Hatice Kübra Başkan

https://doi.org/10.61139/ijdor.1790846

Abstract

Objective: This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of sodium hypochlorite injuries, aiming to identify research trends and key publications in the field.
Materials and Methods: For this bibliometric analysis, articles published in the Web of Science database as of June 5, 2025, were searched. A total of 100 articles identified using the keywords 'sodium hypochlorite accident,' 'sodium hypochlorite injuries,' and 'sodium hypochlorite extrusion' were analyzed based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. VOSviewer and RStudio software were used to visualize the data and create bibliometric networks.
Results: The number of publications concerning sodium hypochlorite injuries has increased over the years. Case reports have received more citations. Based on these findings, to measure journal performance, a Journal Success Index = {Number of Citations * (Number of Case Reports / Number of Articles)} / Elapsed Period (Months) has been developed, and a corresponding graph has been created.
Conclusion: The increase in the literature regarding sodium hypochlorite injuries in endodontics indicates growing awareness and clinical interest concerning this important complication. The developed Journal Success Index offers a useful tool for measuring influential publications and the contributions of journals in the field. Case reports need to become more prevalent in literature.

Keywords

Sodium hypochlorite injuries , apical extrusion , bibliometric analysis , endodontics , VOSviewer.

Ethical Statement

Since this study is a retrospective literature analysis, ethics committee approval was not required.

References

• 1. Stefanescu SV, Iuga MM, Panzetta C, Colangeli M, Salgado FE, Teja KV, et al. Irrigant and intracanal medicament choices in routine endodontic practice: A cross-sectional survey of British general dentists. Saudi Endod J. 2025;15(2):169-175.
• 2. Tellioğlu AGR, Kılıç GH. Endodontic treatment procedures applied by endodontists and general dentists in Turkiye: a questionnaire survey. J Dent Sci Educ. 2025;3(1):8-15.
• 3. Fedorowicz Z, Nasser M, Sequeira‐Byron P, de Souza RF, Heft M. Irrigants for non‐surgical root canal treatment in mature permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;9: 1-50.
• 4. Maneea ASB, Alqahtani AD, Alhazzaa AK, Albalawi AO, Alotaibi AK, Alanazi TF. Systematic review of the microbiological impact of sodium hypochlorite concentrations in endodontic treatment. Int J Dent Res Allied Sci. 2024;4(2):9-15.
• 5. Özdemir O, Hazar E, Koçak S, Sağlam BC, Koçak MM. The frequency of sodium hypochlorite extrusion during root canal treatment: an observational clinical study. Aust Dent J.2022;67:57-64.
• 6. Hülsmann M, Hahn W. Complications during root canal irrigation: literature review and case reports. Int Endod J. 2000;33(3):186-193.
• 7. Spencer H, Ike V, Brennan P. The use of sodium hypochlorite in endodontics: potential complications and their management. Br Dent J. 2007;202(9):555-559.
• 8. Nagendrababu V, Jacimovic J, Jakovljevic A, Rossi‐Fedele G, Dummer PMH. A bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most-cited case reports and case series in Endodontic journals. Int Endod J. 2022;55(3):185-218.
• 9. Ullah R, Adnan S, Afzal AS. Top-cited articles from dental education journals, 2009 to 2018: a bibliometric analysis. J Dent Educ. 2019;83(12):1382-1391.
• 10. Van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 2010;84(2):523-538.
• 11. Arruda H, Silva ER, Lessa M, Proença Jr D, Bartholo R. VOSviewer and bibliometrix. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022;110(3):392-395.
• 12. Aria M, Cuccurullo C. Bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11(4):959-975.
• 13. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372.
• 14. Baldiotti ALP, Amaral-Freitas G, Barcelos JF, Freire-Maia J, Perazzo MF, Freire-Maia FB, et al. The top 100 most-cited papers in cariology: a bibliometric analysis. Caries Res. 2021;55(1):32-40.
• 15. Lima TO, de Oliveira Rocha A, Dos Anjos LM, Júnior NS, Hungaro Duarte MA, Alcalde MP, et al. A global overview of guided endodontics: a bibliometric analysis. J Endod. 2024;50(1):10-16.
• 16. Sabino-Silva R, Cardoso IV, Vitali FC, Alves AM, Souza BDM, Bortoluzzi EA, et al. Prevalence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using low and high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(11):4157-4171.
• 17. Fiorillo L, D’Amico C, Meto A, Mehta V, GL Giudice, G Cervino. Sodium hypochlorite accidents in endodontic practice: clinical evidence and state of the art. J Craniofac Surg. 2024;35(5):e636-e645.
• 18. Boutsioukis C, Arias‐Moliz MT. Present status and future directions: irrigants and irrigation methods. Int Endod J. 2022;55(S3):588-612.
• 19. Salvadori M, Venturi G, Bertoletti P, Francinelli J, R Tonini, ML Garo, et al. Sodium hypochlorite accident during canal treatment: report of four cases documented according to new standards. Appl Sci. 2022;12(17):8525.
• 20. Altundasar E, Nagas E, Uyanik O, Serper A. Debris and irrigant extrusion potential of 2 rotary systems and irrigation needles. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(6):e31-e35.
• 21. Abramson A, Sabag E, Nahlieli O. Surgical approach to a severe case of sodium hypochlorite accident: a case report and review of the literature. Quintessence Int. 2021;52(9):806-810.
• 22. Zairi A, Lambrianidis T. Accidental extrusion of sodium hypochlorite into the maxillary sinus. Quintessence Int. 2008;39(9):745-748.
• 23. Erivan R, Dartus J, Villatte G, Marcheix PS, Descamps S, Boisgard S. Bibliometric analysis of case report citations and their effect on the impact factor: how does publishing case reports impact journals? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020;106(8):1463-1467.
• 24. Souza EM, Campos MG, Rosas Aguilar R. Mapping the periapex anatomical pattern of teeth involved in sodium hypochlorite accidents: a cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental study. Int Endod J. 2021;54(8):1212-1220.
• 25. Kanagasingham S, Blum IR. Sodium hypochlorite extrusion accidents: management and medico-legal considerations. Prim Dent J. 2020;9(4):59-63.
• 26. Psimma Z, Boutsioukis C. A critical view on sodium hypochlorite accidents. Endod Pract Today. 2019;13(3):165-175.