The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience

İsmail Aktaş; Ekrem Levent İlhan

doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1307742

EN

The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience

Abstract

It is claimed that sport is an influential mechanism that could withstand against a great many negativities with regard to life for disabled people. To this end, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between the acceptance of disability and resilience levels of athletes and non-athletes. The group of the research was made up of 140 athletes and 165 non-athletes (90 female, 215 male). In this study, which was designed in a descriptive research model, Acceptance Disability Scale (ADS) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used as the data collection tools. It was found that both the acceptance of disability and the resilience levels of athletes were high compared to disabled ones and that there was a significant difference (p<0.01). In addition, it has been understood that the average scores of individuals who are successful in international competitions are higher than those who are successful in national competitions. It was concluded that there is a good level of positive relationship between acceptance of disability and resilience levels. As a result, the sport seemed to affect both acceptance of disability and resilience significantly.

Keywords

Acceptance of Disability, Resilience, Disability Sport, Physical Disability

References

Aceron, S., & Savage, T. A. (2004). Factors affecting the adjustment to disability for new immigrants. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 11(3), 67-74. doi:10.1310/T70F-30KV-UED2-B7WQ
Ahn, H., Lee, K., & So, Y. (2021). The mediating effect of disability acceptance in individuals with spinal cord injury participating in sport for all. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10883. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010883
Araten-Bergman, T., Tal-Katz, P., & Stein, M. A. (2015). Psychosocial adjustment of Israeli veterans with disabilities: Does employment status matter? Work, 50(1), 59-71. doi:10.3233/wor-141925
Attawong, T., & Kovindha, A. (2005). The influencing factors of acceptance of disability in spinal cord injuries patients. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, 2, 67-70.
Beder, J. (2014). When They Return From Afghanistan/Iraq: Acceptance of Loss Due to War Injury. Journal of Archives in Military Medicine, 2(2). e18551 doi: 10.5812/jamm.18551
Benson, E., & Jones, G. (1992). Psychological implications of physical activity in individuals with physical disabilities. In T. Williams, L. Almond, & A. Sparkes (Eds.), Sport and physical activity: moving towards excellence: the proceedings of the AIESEP World Convention, July 20-25, 1990, Loughborough University, UK. (pp. 278-283). London: E & FN Spon Ltd.
Berry, J. W., Elliott, T. R., & Rivera, P. (2007). Resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled personality prototypes among persons with spinal cord injury. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89(3), 292-302. doi:10.1080/00223890701629813
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research Second Edition. New York: Guilford Press.
Campbell, E., & Jones, G. (1994). Psychological Well-Being in Wheelchair Sport Participants and Nonparticipants. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11(4), 404-415. doi: 10.1123/apaq.11.4.404
Campbell, E., & Jones, G. (2002). Sources of Stress Experienced by Elite Male Wheelchair Basketball Players. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 19(1), 82-99. doi:10.1123/apaq.19.1.82

Carpita, M., & Manisera, M. (2011). On the Imputation of Missing Data in Surveys with Likert-Type Scales. Journal of Classification, 28(1), 93-112. doi: 10.1007/s00357-011-9074-z
Casier, A., Goubert, L., Huse, D., Theunis, M., Franckx, H., Robberecht, E., . . . Crombez, G. (2008). The role of acceptance in psychological functioning in adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a preliminary study. Psychology & Health, 23(5), 629-638. doi:10.1080/08870440802040269
Chen, R. K., Kotbungkair, W., & Brown, A. D. (2015). A Comparison of Self-Acceptance of Disability between Thai Buddhists and American Christians. Journal of Rehabilitation, 81(1), 52-62.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76-82. doi:10.1002/da.10113
Cooper, R. A. (1990). Wheelchair racing sports science: a review. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 27(3), 295-312.
Crocker, P. R., & Bouffard, M. (1992). Perceived challenge in physical activity by individuals with physical disabilities: The relationship between appraisal and affect. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 9(2), 130-140. doi:10.1123/apaq.9.2.130
Çolakoğlu, T., & Solmaz, S. (2017). Independence paradox applied in turkish sport federations. Atatürk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 19(3), 24–35.
DePauw, K. P. (1986). Toward progressive inclusion and acceptance: Implications for physical education. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 3(1), 1-5. doi:10.1123/apaq.3.1.1
DePauw, K. P., & Doll-Tepper, G. (2000). Toward progressive inclusion and acceptance: Myth or reality? The inclusion debate and bandwagon discourse. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 17(2), 135-143. doi:10.1123/apaq.17.2.135
Downey, R. G., & King, C. (1998). Missing data in Likert ratings: A comparison of replacement methods. The Journal of General Psychology, 125(2), 175-191. doi:10.1080/00221309809595542
Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Li, F. (1998). A comparison of model‐and multiple imputation‐based approaches to longitudinal analyses with partial missingness. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(1), 1-21. doi:10.1080/1070 5519 809540086
Dunn, A. L., Trivedi, M. H., Kampert, J. B., Clark, C. G., & Chambliss, H. O. (2005). Exercise treatment for depression: efficacy and dose response. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 28(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j. amepre. 2004.09.003
Fox, K. R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutrition, 2(3A), 411-418. doi:10.1017/S1368980099000567
Fujikawa, M., Lee, E.-J., Chan, F., Catalano, D., Hunter, C., & Bengston, K. (2013). The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale as a Positive Psychology Measure for People With Spinal Cord Injuries. Rehabilitation Research, Policy & Education, 27(3). doi:10.1891/2168-6653.27.3.213
Giacobbi, P. R., Hardin, B., Frye, N., Hausenblas, H. A., Sears, S., & Stegelin, A. (2006). A multi-level examination of personality, exercise, and daily life events for individuals with physical disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 23(2), 129-147. doi:10. 1123/apaq.23.2.129
Goodwin, D. L., Thurmeier, R., & Gustafson, P. (2004). Reactions to the metaphors of disability: The mediating effects of physical activity. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 21(4), 379-398. doi:10.1123/ apaq.21.4.379
Groomes, D. A. G., & Leahy, M. J. (2002). The relationships among the stress appraisal process, coping disposition, and level of acceptance of disability. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 46(1), 15-24. doi:10. 1177/00343552020460010101
Groomes, D. A. G., & Linkowski, D. C. (2007). Examining the structure of the revised acceptance disability scale. Journal of Rehabilitation, 73(3), 3-9.
Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. Heinemann, A. W., Goranson, N., Ginsburg, K., & Schnoll, S. (1989). Alcohol-Use and Activity Patterns Following Spinal-Cord Injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 34(3), 191-205. doi:10.1037/h0091723
Henschen, K., Horvat, M., & French, R. (1984). A visual comparison of psychological profiles between able-bodied and wheelchair athletes. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 1(2), 118-124. doi:10.1123 /apaq .1.2.118
İlhan, E. L. (2010). The culture of sedentary lives and its results. Verimlilik Dergisi, 10(3), 195-210.
İlhan, E. L., & Suveren, S. (2010, Nov). An alternatıve openıng out for dısabled people: (Boccia). Paper presented at the 11. International Sport Sience Congress, Antalya. http://www.sporbilim.com/dosyalar/SBK_poster_presentations.pdf
Karaırmak, Ö. (2007). Investigation of personal qualities contributing to psychological resilience among earthquake survivors: A model testing study. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation), Department of Educational Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Karaırmak, Ö. (2010). Establishing the psychometric qualities of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a trauma survivor sample. Psychiatry Research, 179(3), 350-356. doi:10.1016/j. psychres.2009.09.012
Karataş, K. (2002). Engellilerin toplumla bütünleşme sorunları: Bir sosyal politika yaklaşımı. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 2(2), 43-55.
Kırımoğlu, H., İlhan, E. L., & Çağlayan, H. S. (2011). Evaluation Of Social Skill Levels Of Wheelchair Basketball Players. Paper presented at the Fourth Annual Internatıonal Conference: Physical Education, Sport and Health, Pitesti. doi:10.7752/pesh.2011.15052
Kırımoğlu, H., İlhan, E. L., Kayıhan, G., Aksoy, U. M., & Yılmaz, A. (2016). Evaluation of dissociative life of male athletes in some disability sportive branches. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(1), 1786-1791. doi:10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3643
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
Laferrier, J. Z., Teodorski, E., & Cooper, R. A. (2015). Investigation of the Impact of Sports, Exercise, and Recreation Participation on Psychosocial Outcomes in a Population of Veterans with Disabilities: A Cross-sectional Study. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 94(12), 1026-1034. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000263
Li, L., & Moore, D. (1998). Acceptance of disability and its correlates. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(1), 13-25. doi:10. 1080/00224549809600349
Linkowski, D. C. (1971). A scale to measure acceptance of disability. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 14(4), 236-244.
Little, R. J. A. (1988). A Test of Missing Completely at Random for Multivariate Data with Missing Values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198-1202. doi:10.1080/01621459.1988.10478722
Martin, J. J. (2005). Sport psychology consulting with athletes with disabilities. Sport and Exercise Psychology Review, 1(2), 32-39.
Martin, J. J. (2006). Psychosocial aspects of youth disability sport. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 23(1), 65-77. doi:10.1123/ apaq. 23.1.65
Martin, J. J. (2008). Multidimensional self-efficacy and affect in wheelchair basketball players. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 25(4), 275-288. doi:10.1123/apaq.25.4.275
Martin, J.J. (2015). Determinants of elite disability sport performance. Kinesiology Review, 4(1), 91-98. doi:10.1123/kr.2014-0082
McCracken, L. M., & Zhao-O'Brien, J. (2010). General psychological acceptance and chronic pain: There is more to accept than the pain itself. European Journal of Pain, 14(2), 170-175. doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.03.004
Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2006). A competitive anxiety review: Recent directions in sport psychology research. In S. Hanton & S. D. Mellalieu (Eds.), Literature reviews in sport psychology (pp. 1-45). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., Hanton, S., & Fletcher, D. (2009). Competition stress in sport performers: stressors experienced in the competition environment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(7), 729-744. doi:10.1080/02640410902889834
Mira, T., Costa, A. M., Jacinto, M., Diz, S., Monteiro, D., Rodrigues, F., ... & Antunes, R. (2023). Well-Being, Resilience and Social Support of Athletes with Disabilities: A SystematicReview. BehavioralSciences, 13(5), 389. doi.org/10.3390 /bs1 3050389
Nişli M.Y., Şirinkan, A., Acar, Z.A., Öz Nişli, E. and Toy, H. (2021). The Investigation of Acquisition Sufficiency of Physical Education Lesson Aims in A Special Education School in Turkey: A Pilot Study. Int J Disabil Sports Health Sci;4(1):24-37. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.800381
Parry, J., Robinson, S., Watson, N., & Nesti, M. (2007). Sport and spirituality: An introduction. New York: Routledge.
Patrick, G. (1986). The effects of wheelchair competition on self-concept and acceptance of disability in novice athletes. Thereapeutic Recreation Journal, 20(4), 61-71.
Rosner, B. (2015). Fundamentals of biostatistics Boston: Nelson Education.
Rubin, D. B. (1976). Inference and missing data. Biometrika, 63(3), 581-592. doi:10.1093/ biomet/63.3.581 Seymour, H., Reid, G., & Bloom, G. A. (2009). Friendship in inclusive physical education. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 26(3), 201-219. doi: 10.1123/apaq.26.3.201
Shapiro, D. R., & Martin, J. J. (2010). Athletic identity, affect, and peer relations in youth athletes with physical disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 3(2), 79-85. doi:10. 1016/j.dhjo.2009.08.004
Shapiro, D. R., & Martin, J. J. (2014). The relationships among sport self-perceptions and social well-being in athletes with physical disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 7(1), 42-48. doi:10.1016/j.dhjo. 2013.06.002
Sherrill, C. (1998). Adapted physical activity, recreation and sport: Crossdisciplinary and lifespan. Madison: WCBMcGraw Hill.
Soyer, F., Gülle, M., Mızrak, O., Zengin, S., & Kaya, E. (2013). Analysis of resiliency levels of disabled individuals doing sports according to some variables. Nigde University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 7(2), 126-136.
Şen, M. (2016). The Acceptance Of Dısabılıty Scale: Adaptatıon And Psychometrıc Analysıs. (Unpublished master's theses), Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Taylor, C. B., Sallis, J. F., & Needle, R. (1985). The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 195-202.
Turkish Statistical Institute TSI. (2018). Disability Statistics. Retrieved from https://data.tuik. gov.tr/Search/Search?text=engelli
Watson, N. J., & Nesti, M. (2005). The role of spirituality in sport psychology consulting: An analysis and integrative review of literature. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 17(3), 228-239. doi:10.1080 /10413200591010102
Williams, T., & Taylor, D. (1994). Socialization, subculture, and wheelchair sport: The influence of peers in wheelchair racing. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 11(4), 416-428. doi:10.1123/apaq.11.4.416
World Health Organization WHO. (2023, March). Disability and health. Retrieved from http:// wwwwho.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs352/en/
Xia, Z.-Y., Kong, Y., Yin, T.-T., Shi, S.-H., Huang, R., & Cheng, Y.-H. (2014). The impact of acceptance of disability and psychological resilience on post-traumatic stress disorders in burn patients. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 1(4), 371-375. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss. 2014. 10.018
Yazıcıoğlu, H., Pekel, A. Ö., Kamiş, O., & İlhan, L. (2020). Visually impaired children, quality of life and sports. Aksaray University Journal of Sport and Health Researches, 1(1), 35-53.
Zhang, J. J., Pease, D. G., & Hui, S. C. (1996). Value dimensions of professional sport as viewed by spectators. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 20(1), 78-94. doi:10.1177/ 019372396020001007

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

İsmail Aktaş ^*
0000-0002-5471-5787
Türkiye

Ekrem Levent İlhan
0000-0002-1117-2700
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 20, 2023

Publication Date

October 25, 2023

Submission Date

May 31, 2023

Acceptance Date

August 30, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 6 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1307742

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA76FJ74KH

APA

Aktaş, İ., & İlhan, E. L. (2023). The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(3), 373-385. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1307742

AMA

1.Aktaş İ, İlhan EL. The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6(3):373-385. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1307742

Chicago

Aktaş, İsmail, and Ekrem Levent İlhan. 2023. “The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 (3): 373-85. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1307742.

EndNote

Aktaş İ, İlhan EL (October 1, 2023) The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6 3 373–385.

IEEE

[1]İ. Aktaş and E. L. İlhan, “The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 373–385, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1307742.

ISNAD

Aktaş, İsmail - İlhan, Ekrem Levent. “The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 6/3 (October 1, 2023): 373-385. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1307742.

JAMA

1.Aktaş İ, İlhan EL. The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023;6:373–385.

MLA

Aktaş, İsmail, and Ekrem Levent İlhan. “The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, Oct. 2023, pp. 373-85, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1307742.

Vancouver

1.İsmail Aktaş, Ekrem Levent İlhan. The Role of Sport in Acceptance of Disability and Resilience. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2023 Oct. 1;6(3):373-85. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1307742

Cited By

An Examination of Sportsmanship and Sport Commitment Levels of University Students: A Case Study of Istanbul Gelisim University

International Journal of Disabilities Sports & Health Sciences

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1867080