Enhancing Untrained Football Referees’ Strength, Speed, and Endurance through A Mix-training Programme
Abstract
Given the distance, energy consumption and football referees’ physical challenge during matches, it is crucial that their speed, endurance, and strength should be enhanced. It is in this perspective that this One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design quasi-experimental research, aims to (a) validate a mixed-training program to enhance Primus League football referees’ speed, endurance, and strength. The research also aims to (b) gather evidence on the program reliability and effectiveness. The sample consisted of 15 Primus League football referees (n=15) who attended a five-week training program with sessions held 3 times per week. During an expert panel, eight Fitness and Vitality Enhancement (FVE) professionals validated the program and later the replicability estimation indicated the training program related tests’ high reliability (ICC=0.77). The normality assumption was verified, and the results obtained through paired-sample t test, with related sig.<0.025, indicated that the intervention program effectiveness, except the speed component for which there was not enough evidence of the referees’ improvement. With bigger sample sizes, it is recommended that the relation between the referees’ age, body mass, and speed be established to shed light on the reason of speed component statistical insignificance.
Keywords
Mix-training program, paired-sample t test, speed, endurance, strength, football referees
Supporting Institution
Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama Kebumen
Ethical Statement
No: 021/REC/2024
Thanks
Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama Kebumen and University of Burundi
References
- Abdula, A., Pertsukhov, A., Wnorowski, K., Mozharovska, S., & Mozharovskyy, Y. (2022). Features of the development of strength training of highly qualified football referees in the competitive period. Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science & Sport, (2) [CrossRef]
- Ai, K., Oldrich, R., Tan, H., & Xu, P. (2020). Sustainable Innovation in football referee training in Czech Republic. Sustainability, 12(7), 2821 [CrossRef]
- Aoba, Y., Yoshimura, M., Miyamori, T., & Suzuki, S. (2011). Assessment of soccer referee performance during games. Football science, 8, 8-15.
- Artero, E. G., Espana-Romero, V., Castro-Pinero, J., Ortega, F. B., Suni, J., Castillo-Garzon, M. J., & Ruiz, J. R. (2011). Reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. International journal of sports medicine, 32(03), 159-169 [PubMed]
- Barbero-Álvarez, J., Boullosa, D. A., Nakamura, F. Y., Andrín, G., & Castagna, C. (2012). Physical and physiological demands of field and assistant soccer referees during America's cup. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(5), 1383-1388 [PubMed]
- Basrizal, B. (2024). The Effect Of Health Education On The Level Of Family Knowledge About First Aid For Stage 1 Hypertension Patients In The Puskesmas Working Area. OBAT: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 2(2), 59-69.
- Baydemir, B., Yurdakul, H. Ö., & Aksoy, S. (2021). The Effect of Different Training Strategies Applied to Football Referees On Max (vo2) and Running Performance. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Science. [CrossRef]
- Blumenstein, B., Orbach, I. (2014). Development of Psychological Preparation Program for Football Referees: Pilot Study. Sport Science Review, 23, (3-4), 113 – 126.
- Bouzas-Rico, S., De Dios-Alvarez, V., Suárez-Iglesias, D., & Ayán-Pérez, C. (2022). Field-based tests for assessing fitness in referees: a systematic review. Research in Sports Medicine, 30(4), 439-457. [PubMed]
- Brady, A. J., Moyna, N. M., Scriney, M., & McCarren, A. (2023). Activity profile of elite Gaelic football referees during competitive match play. Science and Medicine in Football, 7(1), 57-63. [PubMed]