Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players

Sanjaykumar Swamynathan; Yogalakshmi P; Subhashree Natarajan; Ratko Pavlovıc; Nikola Radulović; Zhanneta Kozına; Ali Md Nadzalan

doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1523384

EN

Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players

Abstract

This study aims to investigate how the timing of exercise impacts psychological skill training and its influence on psychosomatic variables among college-level female Kho-Kho players. The study's subjects included 45 Kho-Kho players from various colleges in Tamil Nadu; each group had 15 subjects. The age range of the players was 18 to 25 years old. They had played Kho-Kho for a minimum of three years. Group I is the Psychological Skills Training Morning Group (PSTM), Group II is the Psychological Skills Training Evening Group (PSTE), and Group III is the control group. These groups consist of people who participated in inter-college tournaments in Tamil Nadu. To determine the effectiveness of the training method, the experimental group trained for 30 minutes in morning and evening practices for 6 weeks, while the control group continued the regular curriculum without receiving any special practices. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) encompassing 42 items will be utilized to measure depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Results from ANOVA indicated significant differences among the groups for depression (F = 4.36326, p < 0.05), stress (F = 5.66268, p = 0.006647), and anxiety (F = 4.17362, p = 0.02222). Post-hoc comparisons highlighted that the Psychological Skills Training Morning Group (PSTM) displayed significant differences compared to both the Psychological Skills Training Evening Group (PSTE) and the control group for depression, stress, and anxiety, indicating morning sessions' potential efficacy. Morning interventions seemed particularly effective in managing depression, stress, and anxiety compared to evening sessions or no intervention.

Keywords

Psychological Skill Training , Psychosomatic variables , DASS , Kho-Kho , Women

References

Barker, J.B., Slater, M.J., Pugh, G., Mellalieu, S.D., McCarthy, P.J., Jones, M.V., & Moran, A. (2020). The effectiveness of psychological skills training and behavioral interventions in sport using single-case designs: A meta regression analysis of the peer-reviewed studies. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. [CrossRef]
Bekbossynov, D.A., Tazabayeva, K.A., Silybaeva, B.M., Akzhalov, B.T., & Amanova, A.K. (2023). Aspectos psicológicos del entrenamiento de atletas altamente calificados en la lucha kazaja Kuresi (Psychological aspects of training highly qualified athletes in Kazakh Kuresi wrestling). Retos, 52, 252–260. [CrossRef]
Boughattas, W., Salha, M.B., & Moella, N. (2022). Mental training for young athlete: A case of study of NLP practice. SSM - Mental Health. [CrossRef]
Cerezuela, J.L.,Lirola, M.J., and Cangas, A.J. (2024). Relationship of Basic Psychological Needs, Mental Well-Being and Motivation in Pickleball Players with Severe Mental Disorders. Int. J. Act. Health Aging,2(2),71-75. [CrossRef]
Frederiksen, K.P., Stavestrand, S. H., Venemyr, S. K., Sirevåg, K., & Hovland, A. (2021). Physical exercise as an add-on treatment to cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety: A systematic review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 49(5), 626–640. [CrossRef]
Hamilton, S. A., & Fremouw, W. J. (1985). Cognitive-behavioral training for college basketball free-throw performance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9(4), 479–483. [CrossRef]
Hu, L., & Chen, A. (2023). Relationships between physical activity, psychological and cognitive functioning: Evidence and health implications. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. [CrossRef]
Hussain, U., & Cunningham, G.B. (2021). ‘These are “our” sports’: Kabaddi and Kho-Kho women athletes from the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 56(7), 1051-1069. [CrossRef]
Jun, M.G., Kim, J.H., & Choi, C. (2023). Effects of psychological skills training on brain quotient and perceived performance of high school rapid-fire pistol athletes. Applied Sciences, 13, 3118. [CrossRef]
Komarudin, K., Rismayadi, A., Saputra, M. Y., Novian, G., et al. (2024). Psychological Skill of University Basketball Athletes in Each Playing Position in Indonesia. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(5), 1098-1105. [CrossRef]

Lange-Smith, S., Cabot, S., Coffee, J., Gunnell, P., Tod, K., & David. (2023). The efficacy of psychological skills training for enhancing performance in sport: A review of reviews. [CrossRef]
Romero-Gonzalez, B., Puertas-Gonzalez, J.A., Strivens-Vilchez, H., Gonzalez-Perez, R., & Peralta-Ramirez, M. I. (2020). Effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy for stress management on stress and hair cortisol levels in pregnant women: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 135, 110162. [CrossRef]
Sadeghi, H., Omar-Fauzee, M.S., Jamalis, M., Ab-Latif, R., & Cheric, M. C. (2010). The mental skills training of university soccer players. International Education Studies, 3(2), 81-90. [CrossRef]
Sanjaykumar, S., Rajkumar, N. C. J., & Lakshmi, P. Y. (2023). Assessing the effect of exercise timing on menstrual irregularity in women diagnosed with oligomenorrhea. Health, Sport, Rehabilitation, 10(4). Retrieved from [CrossRef]
Sanjaykumar, S., Rajkumar, N. C. J., & Lakshmi, P. Y. (2023). Impact of varied temperature living conditions stress levels and sleeping duration on oligomenorrhea: A comprehensive study among women. Physical Rehabilitation and Recreational Health Technologies, 8(4), 183-187. [CrossRef]
Sanjaykumar, S., Rajkumar, N. C. J., & Lakshmi, P. Y. (2024). The effects of psychological interventions on menstrual health in exercising women: A comprehensive experimental study. Physical Rehabilitation and Recreational Health Technologies, 9(2), 45–51. [CrossRef]
Szabo, M., & Lovibond, P.F. (2022). Development and psychometric properties of the DASS-Youth (DASS-Y): An extension of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) to adolescents and children. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 766890. [CrossRef]
Thelwell, R. C., Greenlees, I. A., & Weston, N. J. V. (2006). Using psychological skills training to develop soccer performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18(3), 254-270. [CrossRef]
Tiwari, P.K., & Agashe, C.D. (2016). A comparative study of positive mental health among Kho-Kho players with varying levels of sports achievements. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(4), 1582–1584. [CrossRef]
Tripathi, R., & Mishra, S. (2022). Effect of yogic practice on psychological variables between football and kho-kho players. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD), 7(3), 30–37. [CrossRef]
Turner, M. J., Aspin, G., Didymus, F. F., Mack, R., Olusoga, P., Wood, A. G., & Bennett, R. (2020). One case, four approaches: The application of psychotherapeutic approaches in sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist, 34(1), 71-83. [CrossRef]
Vella-Fondacaro, D., & Romano-Smith, S. (2023). The impact of a psychological skills training and mindfulness-based intervention on the mental toughness, competitive anxiety, and coping skills of futsal players—A longitudinal convergent mixed-methods design. Sports, 11, 162. [CrossRef]

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Physical Training and Sports , Sports Science and Exercise (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sanjaykumar Swamynathan ^*
0000-0001-9945-2223
India

Yogalakshmi P
0000-0002-3461-8226
India

Subhashree Natarajan This is me
0000-0002-2329-5935
India

Ratko Pavlovıc
0000-0002-4007-4595
Bosnia and Herzegovina

Nikola Radulović This is me
0000-0002-5214-3762
Serbia

Zhanneta Kozına
0000-0001-5588-4825
Ukraine

Ali Md Nadzalan
0000-0002-0621-2245
Malaysia

Early Pub Date

January 14, 2025

Publication Date

January 25, 2025

Submission Date

July 27, 2024

Acceptance Date

November 22, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1523384

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94JU29EH

APA

Swamynathan, S., P, Y., Natarajan, S., Pavlovıc, R., Radulović, N., Kozına, Z., & Nadzalan, A. M. (2025). Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 8(1), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1523384

AMA

1.Swamynathan S, P Y, Natarajan S, et al. Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2025;8(1):76-82. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1523384

Chicago

Swamynathan, Sanjaykumar, Yogalakshmi P, Subhashree Natarajan, et al. 2025. “Morning Vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 8 (1): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1523384.

EndNote

Swamynathan S, P Y, Natarajan S, Pavlovıc R, Radulović N, Kozına Z, Nadzalan AM (January 1, 2025) Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 8 1 76–82.

IEEE

[1]S. Swamynathan et al., “Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 76–82, Jan. 2025, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1523384.

ISNAD

Swamynathan, Sanjaykumar - P, Yogalakshmi - Natarajan, Subhashree - Pavlovıc, Ratko - Radulović, Nikola - Kozına, Zhanneta - Nadzalan, Ali Md. “Morning Vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 8/1 (January 1, 2025): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1523384.

JAMA

1.Swamynathan S, P Y, Natarajan S, Pavlovıc R, Radulović N, Kozına Z, Nadzalan AM. Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2025;8:76–82.

MLA

Swamynathan, Sanjaykumar, et al. “Morning Vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, Jan. 2025, pp. 76-82, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1523384.

Vancouver

1.Sanjaykumar Swamynathan, Yogalakshmi P, Subhashree Natarajan, Ratko Pavlovıc, Nikola Radulović, Zhanneta Kozına, Ali Md Nadzalan. Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2025 Jan. 1;8(1):76-82. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1523384

Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players

Öz

Morning vs Evening Psychological Skills Training: Impacts on Psychosomatic Health in Kho-Kho Players

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite