The Effect of Velocity-Based Training on Some Performance Parameters in Football Players
Yıl 2024,
, 1256 - 1264, 25.11.2024
Erkal Arslanoğlu
,
Cansel Arslanoğlu
,
Gürkan Selim Çelgin
,
Metin Bayram
,
Ahmet Mor
Öz
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of velocity-based (VBT) and traditional strength training (TST) methods on vertical jump, dynamic balance, agility, 10 m acceleration and 20 m sprint performances. Twelve volunteer men randomly divided into two groups participated in the study. After 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) was determined, the TST group performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 40-60% of their maximum weight, while the VBT group performed 3 sets of strength training at a velocity range of 0.75-1.0 m/s for 6 weeks, 2 days a week. In the VBT group, a significant difference was found between 55.16±6.17 cm in the pre-test and 59.16±4.99 cm in the post-test of vertical jump and 4.05±0.27 in the pre-test and 1.72±0.27 in the post-test of balance (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between 48.33±3.98 cm in the pre-test and 53.66±4.03 cm in the post-test; between 4.29±0.29 in the pre-test and 3.65±0.48 in the post-test. Optimising the speed while lifting load in VBT enables athletes to react faster to sudden position changes by improving dynamic balance. Although 6 weeks of VBT training increased vertical jump, the difference was not statistically significant, which may be due to sample size, training duration or individual differences. As a result, the increase in vertical jump and balance in both strength training exercises can be explained by the fact that squat exercise activates the quadriceps muscles by activating the knee joint and increases leg strength, endurance and knee stabilisation.
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was supported by Sinop University Scientific Research Coordination Unit. Project Number: SBF-1901-23-002, 2023.
Proje Numarası
SBF-1901-23-002, 2023
Kaynakça
- Achermann, B., Oberhofer, K., Ferguson, S. J., & Lorenzetti, S. R. (2023). Velocity-Based Strength Training: The Validity and Personal Monitoring of Barbell Velocity with the Apple Watch. Sports, 11(7), 125. [PubMed]
- Andersen, L. L., Andersen, J. L., Zebis, M. K., & Aagaard, P. (2010). Early and late rate of force development: differential adaptive responses to resistance training?. Scandinavian journal of medicine& science in sports, 20(1), e162-e169. [PubMed]
- Anderson, K., & Behm, D. G. (2005). Trunk muscle activity increases with unstable squat movements. Canadian journal of applied physiology, 30(1), 33-45. [PubMed]
- Argus, C. K., Gill, N. D., Keogh, J. W., Hopkins, W. G., & Beaven, C. M. (2009). Changes in strength, power, and steroid hormones during a professional rugby union competition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1583-1592. [PubMed]
- Asadi, A., Arazi, H., Young, W. B., & de Villarreal, E. S. (2016). The effects of plyometric training on change-of-direction ability: A meta-analysis. Internasional journal of sports physiology and performance, 11(5), 563-573. [PubMed]
- Atabaş, E. G. (2022). Comparison of the effect of speed-based and traditionalstrength training on some physiological and motoric properties. PhD Thesis, Pamukkale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Denizli, 80p (in Turkish).
- Banyard, H. G., Tufano, J. J., Weakley, J. J., Wu, S., Jukic, I., & Nosaka, K. (2020). Superior changes in jump, sprint, and change-of-direction performance but not maximal strength following 6 weeks of velocity-based training comparedwit h1-repetition-maximum percentage-based training. International journal of sports physiology andp erformance, 16(2), 232-242. [PubMed]
- Borg, G. (1998). Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales. Human kinetics. [CrossRef]
- Brito, J., Vasconcellos, F., Oliveira, J., Krustrup, P., & Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volumestrength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 40, 121. [PubMed]
- Celgin, G. S., & Arslanoğlu, E. (2024). Acute Effects of FIFA 11+ and RAMP Warm-up Protocols on Speed and Agility Performance in Footballers. Sporty Overview: Journal of Sport and Education Sciences, 11(1): 96-112. [CrossRef]
- Clemente, F. M., Akyildiz, Z., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2021). Validity and reliability of the inertial measurement unit for barbell velocity assessments: A systematic review. Sensors, 21(7), 2511. [PubMed]
- Comfort, P., Haigh, A., & Matthews, M. J. (2012). Are changes in maximal squat strength during preseason training reflected in changes in sprint performance in rugby league players?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 772-776. [PubMed]
- Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2 training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports medicine, 41, 125-146. [PubMed]
- Dalleau, G., Baron, B., Bonazzi, B., Leroyer, P., Verstraete, T., & Verkindt, C. (2010). The influence of variable resistance moment arm on knee extensor performance. Journal of sports sciences, 28(6), 657-665. [PubMed]
- Dorrell, H. F., Smith, M. F., & Gee, T. I. (2020). Comparison of velocity-based and traditional percentage-based loading methods on maximal strength and power adaptations. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(1), 46-53. [PubMed]
- Faude, O., Koch, T., & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in Professional football. Journal of sports sciences, 30(7), 625-631. [PubMed]
- Fritschi, R., Seiler, J., & Gross, M. (2021). Validity and effects of placement of velocity-based training devices. Sports, 9(9), 123. [PubMed]
- González-Badillo, J.J., & Sánchez-Medina, L. (2010). Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistancetraining. International journal of sports medicine, 31(05), 347-352. [PubMed]
- González-Badillo, J. J., Marques, M. C., & Sánchez-Medina, L. (2011). The importance of movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Journal of human kinetics, 29, 15. [PubMed]
- Guerriero, A., Varalda, C., & Piacentini, M. F. (2018). The role of velocity based training in the strength periodization for modernathletes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 3(4), 55. [PubMed]
- Held, S., Speer, K., Rappelt, L., Wicker, P., & Donath, L. (2022). The effectiveness of traditional vs. velocity-based strength training on explosive and maximal strength performance: A network meta analysis. Frontiers in physiology, 13, 926972. [PubMed]
- Helgerud, J., Rodas, G., Kemi, O. J., & Hoff, J. (2011). Strength and endurance in elite football players. International journal of sports medicine, 32(09), 677-682. [PubMed]
- Hoff, J., & Helgerud, J. (2004). Endurance and strength training for soccer players: physiological considerations. Sports medicine, 34, 165-180. [PubMed]
- Hrysomallis, C., & Buttifant, D. (2012). Influence of training years on upper-body strength and power changes during the competitive season for professional Australian rules football players. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 15(4), 374-378. [PubMed]
- Jiménez-Reyes, P., Castaño-Zambudio, A., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., González-Hernández, J.M., Capelo-Ramírez, F., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2021). Differences between adjusted vs. non-adjusted loads in velocity-based training: Consequences for strength training control and programming. PeerJ, 9, e10942. [PubMed]
- Jones, C. M., Griffiths, P. C., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2017). Training load and fatigue marker associations with injury and illness: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports medicine, 47, 943-974. [PubMed]
- Lahti, J., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Cross, M. R., Samozino, P., Chassaing, P., Simond-Cote, B., & Morin, J. B. (2020). Individual sprint force-velocity profile adaptations to in-season assisted and resisted velocity-based training in Professional rugby. Sports, 8(5), 74. [PubMed]
- Liao, K. F., Wang, X. X., Han, M. Y., Li, L. L., Nassis, G. P., & Li, Y. M. (2021). Effects of velocity based training vs. traditional 1RM percentage-based training on improving strength, jump, linear sprint and change of directionspeed performance: A Systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One, 16(11), e0259790. [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y., Zhao, X., & Wu, H. (2024). The Impact of Velocity-Based Strength Training on Lower Extremity Explosiveness in Butterfly Swimmers. Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research, 9(1), 92-92. [CrossRef]
- Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro- musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometrictraining. Sports medicine, 40, 859-895. [PubMed]
- Meylan, C., & Malatesta, D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613. [PubMed]
- Mor, A., Karakaş, F., Mor, H., Yurtseven, R., Yılmaz, A. K., & Acar, K. (2022). The Effect of Resistance Band Exercises on Some Performance Parameters in Young Football Players. SPORMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 20(3), 128-142. [CrossRef]
- Muehlbauer, T., Besemer, C., Wehrle, A., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2012). Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors. Gerontology, 58(6), 504-512. [PubMed]
- Orange, S. T., Metcalfe, J. W., Robinson, A., Applegarth, M. J., & Liefeith, A. (2019). Effects of in-season velocity-versus percentage-based training in academy rugby league players. Internasional journal of sports physiology and performance, 15(4), 554-561. [PubMed]
- Orser, K., Agar-Newman, D. J., Tsai, M. C., & Klimstra, M. (2024). The validity of the Push Band 2.0 to determine speed and power during progressively loaded squat jumps. Sports Biomechanics, 23(1), 109- 117. [PubMed]
- Pareja-Blanco, F., Sánchez-Medina, L., Suárez-Arrones, L., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2017a). Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on performance in professional soccer players. Internasional journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(4), 512-519. [PubMed]
- Pareja‐Blanco, F., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Sanchis‐Moysi, J., Dorado, C.,Mora‐Custodio, R., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2017b). Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on athletic performance, strength gains and muscle adaptations. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27(7), 724-735. [PubMed]
- Ramírez, J. M., Núñez, V. M., Lancho, C., Poblador, M. S., & Lancho, J. L. (2015). Velocity-based training of lower limb to improve absolute and relative power outputs in concentric phase of half-squat in soccerplayers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(11), 3084-3088. [PubMed]
- Rampinini, E., Coutts, A. J., Castagna, C., Sassi, R., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2007). Variation in top level soccer match performance. Internasional journal of sports medicine, 28(12), 1018-1024. [PubMed]
- Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Yáñez-García, J.M., Mora-Custodio, R., Sánchez-Medina, L., Ribas-Serna, J., González-Badillo, J.J. (2021). Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 31, 1621–1635. [PubMed]
- Ronnestad, B.R., Kvamme, N.H., Sunde, A., Raastad, T. (2008). Short-term effects of strength and plyometric training on sprint and jump performance in professional soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res., 22, 773–780. [PubMed]
- Spiteri, T., Cochrane, J.L., Hart, N.H., Haff, G.G., Nimphius, S. (2013). Effect of strength on plant foot kinetics and kinematics during a change of direction task. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 13, 646–652. [PubMed]
- Styles, W. J., Matthews, M. J., & Comfort, P. (2016). Effects of strength training on squat and sprint performance in soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1534-1539. [PubMed]
- Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports medicine, 46, 1419-1449. [PubMed]
- Toby, B.; Glidewell, E.; Morris, B.; Key, V.H.; Nelson, J.D.; Schroeppel, J.P.; Mar, D.; Melugin, H.; Bradshaw, S.; McIff, T. (2015). Strength of dynamic stabilizers of he elbow in professional baseball pitchers decreases during baseball season. Orthop. J. Sports Med., 3, 2325967115S00163. [CrossRef]
- Weakley, J. J., Wilson, K. M., Till, K., Read, D.B., Darrall-Jones, J., Roe, G. A., & Jones, B. (2019). Visual feedback attenuates mean concentric barbell velocity loss and improves motivation, competitiveness, and perceived workload in male adolescent athletes. The Journal of Strength &Conditioning Research, 33(9), 2420-2425. [PubMed]
- Weakley, J.; Mann, B.; Banyard, H.; McLaren, S.; Scott, T.; Garcia-Ramos, A. (2021). Velocity-based training: From theory to application. Strength Cond. J., 43, 31–49. [CrossRef]
- Wisloff, U, Castagna, C, Helgerud, J, Jones, R, and Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br J Sports Med 38: 285– 288. [PubMed]
- Włodarczyk, M., Adamus, P., Zieliński, J., & Kantanista, A. (2021). Effects of velocity- based training on strength and power in elite athletes a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(10), 5257. [PubMed]
- Zhang, M., Tan, Q., Sun, J., Ding, S., Yang, Q., Zhang, Z., & Li, D. (2022). Comparison of velocity and percentage-based training on maximal strength: meta- analysis. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(12), 981-995. [PubMed]
- Zhang, X.; Li, H.; Bi, S.; Luo, Y.; Cao, Y.; Zhang, G. (2021). Auto-Regulation Method vs. Fixed-Loading Method in Maximum Strength Training for Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Physiol. 12, 651112. [PubMed]
Yıl 2024,
, 1256 - 1264, 25.11.2024
Erkal Arslanoğlu
,
Cansel Arslanoğlu
,
Gürkan Selim Çelgin
,
Metin Bayram
,
Ahmet Mor
Proje Numarası
SBF-1901-23-002, 2023
Kaynakça
- Achermann, B., Oberhofer, K., Ferguson, S. J., & Lorenzetti, S. R. (2023). Velocity-Based Strength Training: The Validity and Personal Monitoring of Barbell Velocity with the Apple Watch. Sports, 11(7), 125. [PubMed]
- Andersen, L. L., Andersen, J. L., Zebis, M. K., & Aagaard, P. (2010). Early and late rate of force development: differential adaptive responses to resistance training?. Scandinavian journal of medicine& science in sports, 20(1), e162-e169. [PubMed]
- Anderson, K., & Behm, D. G. (2005). Trunk muscle activity increases with unstable squat movements. Canadian journal of applied physiology, 30(1), 33-45. [PubMed]
- Argus, C. K., Gill, N. D., Keogh, J. W., Hopkins, W. G., & Beaven, C. M. (2009). Changes in strength, power, and steroid hormones during a professional rugby union competition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1583-1592. [PubMed]
- Asadi, A., Arazi, H., Young, W. B., & de Villarreal, E. S. (2016). The effects of plyometric training on change-of-direction ability: A meta-analysis. Internasional journal of sports physiology and performance, 11(5), 563-573. [PubMed]
- Atabaş, E. G. (2022). Comparison of the effect of speed-based and traditionalstrength training on some physiological and motoric properties. PhD Thesis, Pamukkale University, Institute of Health Sciences, Denizli, 80p (in Turkish).
- Banyard, H. G., Tufano, J. J., Weakley, J. J., Wu, S., Jukic, I., & Nosaka, K. (2020). Superior changes in jump, sprint, and change-of-direction performance but not maximal strength following 6 weeks of velocity-based training comparedwit h1-repetition-maximum percentage-based training. International journal of sports physiology andp erformance, 16(2), 232-242. [PubMed]
- Borg, G. (1998). Borg's perceived exertion and pain scales. Human kinetics. [CrossRef]
- Brito, J., Vasconcellos, F., Oliveira, J., Krustrup, P., & Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volumestrength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 40, 121. [PubMed]
- Celgin, G. S., & Arslanoğlu, E. (2024). Acute Effects of FIFA 11+ and RAMP Warm-up Protocols on Speed and Agility Performance in Footballers. Sporty Overview: Journal of Sport and Education Sciences, 11(1): 96-112. [CrossRef]
- Clemente, F. M., Akyildiz, Z., Pino-Ortega, J., & Rico-González, M. (2021). Validity and reliability of the inertial measurement unit for barbell velocity assessments: A systematic review. Sensors, 21(7), 2511. [PubMed]
- Comfort, P., Haigh, A., & Matthews, M. J. (2012). Are changes in maximal squat strength during preseason training reflected in changes in sprint performance in rugby league players?. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(3), 772-776. [PubMed]
- Cormie, P., McGuigan, M. R., & Newton, R. U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: part 2 training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports medicine, 41, 125-146. [PubMed]
- Dalleau, G., Baron, B., Bonazzi, B., Leroyer, P., Verstraete, T., & Verkindt, C. (2010). The influence of variable resistance moment arm on knee extensor performance. Journal of sports sciences, 28(6), 657-665. [PubMed]
- Dorrell, H. F., Smith, M. F., & Gee, T. I. (2020). Comparison of velocity-based and traditional percentage-based loading methods on maximal strength and power adaptations. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(1), 46-53. [PubMed]
- Faude, O., Koch, T., & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in Professional football. Journal of sports sciences, 30(7), 625-631. [PubMed]
- Fritschi, R., Seiler, J., & Gross, M. (2021). Validity and effects of placement of velocity-based training devices. Sports, 9(9), 123. [PubMed]
- González-Badillo, J.J., & Sánchez-Medina, L. (2010). Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistancetraining. International journal of sports medicine, 31(05), 347-352. [PubMed]
- González-Badillo, J. J., Marques, M. C., & Sánchez-Medina, L. (2011). The importance of movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Journal of human kinetics, 29, 15. [PubMed]
- Guerriero, A., Varalda, C., & Piacentini, M. F. (2018). The role of velocity based training in the strength periodization for modernathletes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 3(4), 55. [PubMed]
- Held, S., Speer, K., Rappelt, L., Wicker, P., & Donath, L. (2022). The effectiveness of traditional vs. velocity-based strength training on explosive and maximal strength performance: A network meta analysis. Frontiers in physiology, 13, 926972. [PubMed]
- Helgerud, J., Rodas, G., Kemi, O. J., & Hoff, J. (2011). Strength and endurance in elite football players. International journal of sports medicine, 32(09), 677-682. [PubMed]
- Hoff, J., & Helgerud, J. (2004). Endurance and strength training for soccer players: physiological considerations. Sports medicine, 34, 165-180. [PubMed]
- Hrysomallis, C., & Buttifant, D. (2012). Influence of training years on upper-body strength and power changes during the competitive season for professional Australian rules football players. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 15(4), 374-378. [PubMed]
- Jiménez-Reyes, P., Castaño-Zambudio, A., Cuadrado-Peñafiel, V., González-Hernández, J.M., Capelo-Ramírez, F., Martínez-Aranda, L. M., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2021). Differences between adjusted vs. non-adjusted loads in velocity-based training: Consequences for strength training control and programming. PeerJ, 9, e10942. [PubMed]
- Jones, C. M., Griffiths, P. C., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2017). Training load and fatigue marker associations with injury and illness: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports medicine, 47, 943-974. [PubMed]
- Lahti, J., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Cross, M. R., Samozino, P., Chassaing, P., Simond-Cote, B., & Morin, J. B. (2020). Individual sprint force-velocity profile adaptations to in-season assisted and resisted velocity-based training in Professional rugby. Sports, 8(5), 74. [PubMed]
- Liao, K. F., Wang, X. X., Han, M. Y., Li, L. L., Nassis, G. P., & Li, Y. M. (2021). Effects of velocity based training vs. traditional 1RM percentage-based training on improving strength, jump, linear sprint and change of directionspeed performance: A Systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS One, 16(11), e0259790. [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y., Zhao, X., & Wu, H. (2024). The Impact of Velocity-Based Strength Training on Lower Extremity Explosiveness in Butterfly Swimmers. Advances in Education, Humanities and Social Science Research, 9(1), 92-92. [CrossRef]
- Markovic, G., & Mikulic, P. (2010). Neuro- musculoskeletal and performance adaptations to lower-extremity plyometrictraining. Sports medicine, 40, 859-895. [PubMed]
- Meylan, C., & Malatesta, D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613. [PubMed]
- Mor, A., Karakaş, F., Mor, H., Yurtseven, R., Yılmaz, A. K., & Acar, K. (2022). The Effect of Resistance Band Exercises on Some Performance Parameters in Young Football Players. SPORMETRE Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 20(3), 128-142. [CrossRef]
- Muehlbauer, T., Besemer, C., Wehrle, A., Gollhofer, A., & Granacher, U. (2012). Relationship between strength, power and balance performance in seniors. Gerontology, 58(6), 504-512. [PubMed]
- Orange, S. T., Metcalfe, J. W., Robinson, A., Applegarth, M. J., & Liefeith, A. (2019). Effects of in-season velocity-versus percentage-based training in academy rugby league players. Internasional journal of sports physiology and performance, 15(4), 554-561. [PubMed]
- Orser, K., Agar-Newman, D. J., Tsai, M. C., & Klimstra, M. (2024). The validity of the Push Band 2.0 to determine speed and power during progressively loaded squat jumps. Sports Biomechanics, 23(1), 109- 117. [PubMed]
- Pareja-Blanco, F., Sánchez-Medina, L., Suárez-Arrones, L., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2017a). Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on performance in professional soccer players. Internasional journal of sports physiology and performance, 12(4), 512-519. [PubMed]
- Pareja‐Blanco, F., Rodríguez‐Rosell, D., Sánchez‐Medina, L., Sanchis‐Moysi, J., Dorado, C.,Mora‐Custodio, R., & González‐Badillo, J. J. (2017b). Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on athletic performance, strength gains and muscle adaptations. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 27(7), 724-735. [PubMed]
- Ramírez, J. M., Núñez, V. M., Lancho, C., Poblador, M. S., & Lancho, J. L. (2015). Velocity-based training of lower limb to improve absolute and relative power outputs in concentric phase of half-squat in soccerplayers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(11), 3084-3088. [PubMed]
- Rampinini, E., Coutts, A. J., Castagna, C., Sassi, R., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2007). Variation in top level soccer match performance. Internasional journal of sports medicine, 28(12), 1018-1024. [PubMed]
- Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Yáñez-García, J.M., Mora-Custodio, R., Sánchez-Medina, L., Ribas-Serna, J., González-Badillo, J.J. (2021). Effect of velocity loss during squat training on neuromuscular performance. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports, 31, 1621–1635. [PubMed]
- Ronnestad, B.R., Kvamme, N.H., Sunde, A., Raastad, T. (2008). Short-term effects of strength and plyometric training on sprint and jump performance in professional soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res., 22, 773–780. [PubMed]
- Spiteri, T., Cochrane, J.L., Hart, N.H., Haff, G.G., Nimphius, S. (2013). Effect of strength on plant foot kinetics and kinematics during a change of direction task. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 13, 646–652. [PubMed]
- Styles, W. J., Matthews, M. J., & Comfort, P. (2016). Effects of strength training on squat and sprint performance in soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1534-1539. [PubMed]
- Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2016). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports medicine, 46, 1419-1449. [PubMed]
- Toby, B.; Glidewell, E.; Morris, B.; Key, V.H.; Nelson, J.D.; Schroeppel, J.P.; Mar, D.; Melugin, H.; Bradshaw, S.; McIff, T. (2015). Strength of dynamic stabilizers of he elbow in professional baseball pitchers decreases during baseball season. Orthop. J. Sports Med., 3, 2325967115S00163. [CrossRef]
- Weakley, J. J., Wilson, K. M., Till, K., Read, D.B., Darrall-Jones, J., Roe, G. A., & Jones, B. (2019). Visual feedback attenuates mean concentric barbell velocity loss and improves motivation, competitiveness, and perceived workload in male adolescent athletes. The Journal of Strength &Conditioning Research, 33(9), 2420-2425. [PubMed]
- Weakley, J.; Mann, B.; Banyard, H.; McLaren, S.; Scott, T.; Garcia-Ramos, A. (2021). Velocity-based training: From theory to application. Strength Cond. J., 43, 31–49. [CrossRef]
- Wisloff, U, Castagna, C, Helgerud, J, Jones, R, and Hoff, J. (2004). Strong correlation of maximal squat strength with sprint performance and vertical jump height in elite soccer players. Br J Sports Med 38: 285– 288. [PubMed]
- Włodarczyk, M., Adamus, P., Zieliński, J., & Kantanista, A. (2021). Effects of velocity- based training on strength and power in elite athletes a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(10), 5257. [PubMed]
- Zhang, M., Tan, Q., Sun, J., Ding, S., Yang, Q., Zhang, Z., & Li, D. (2022). Comparison of velocity and percentage-based training on maximal strength: meta- analysis. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(12), 981-995. [PubMed]
- Zhang, X.; Li, H.; Bi, S.; Luo, Y.; Cao, Y.; Zhang, G. (2021). Auto-Regulation Method vs. Fixed-Loading Method in Maximum Strength Training for Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front. Physiol. 12, 651112. [PubMed]