Which Cold Application is More Effective for Tennis Elbow? Cooling Gel vs Cold Pack

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 16 - 21, 20.06.2022

Nihan Özünlü Pekyavaş , Senay Cerezci Duygu

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1039813

Öz

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate which cold application is more effective to regulate skin temperature in patients with tennis elbow. Design: Randomized clinical study. Participants: Fifty-four patients with tennis elbow were randomly divided into 2 groups as cooling gel group (n=27) and cold pack group (n=27). Interventions: Cooling gel and cold pack applications were applied on painful lateral epicondyle region for 15 minutes. Main outcome measures: Patients were assessed before and after the application. Assessments included the severity of pain during wrist extension, evaluated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and thermal imaging of lateral epicondyle region evaluated by Infrared Thermography (FLIR5 Thermal Camera). Results: There were no significant differences between baseline assessments of pain severity and thermographic measurements in both groups (p>0.05). Significant differences were found between baseline and post-application measurements at pain and thermographic measurements in both groups (p<0.05). In comparison of cooling gel and cold pack groups, no significant differences were found in means of pain (p=0.095) and thermal imaging results (p=0.333). Conclusion: Both cooling gel and cold pack application are found effective in decreasing skin temperature in patients with tennis elbow and their use should be considered in treatment program.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Thermal Analysis, Cold, Epicondylitis, Tennis Elbow, Pain

Proje Numarası

KA16/369

Kaynakça

• American Medical Association. Accessed January 8, 2018. https://www.ama-assn.org/.
• American Physiological Society. (2004). Adding Menthol to Topical Creams for Osteoarthritis Provides Significant Pain Relief. https:// www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-04/aps-amt041104.php.
• Beneliyahu, D. (1992). “Infrared Thermography and the Sports Injury Practice.” Dynamic Chiropractic 10 (7).
• Cerezci Duygu, S., Ozunlu Pekyavas, N., Uzun A., Cinar Medeni, O.,Baltaci, G., Er, F., Suveren, C., & Colakoglu, F.F. (2018). “Muscle Skin Temperature Responses for Hamstring and Quadriceps to Aerobic and Anaerobic Test Conditions in Turkish Olympic Sailing Athletes.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7865-8.
• Coben, R., and Padolsky, I. (2008). “Infrared Imaging and Neurofeedback: Initial Reliability and Validity.” Journal of Neurotherapy 11 (3): 3–13. https://doi.org/10. 1080/10874200802126100.
• Downie, W. W., Leatham, P. A., Rhind, V. M., Wright, V., Branco, J. A., & Anderson, J. A. (1978). “Studies with Pain Rating Scales.” Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 37 (4): 378–81.
• Fedorczyk, J. M. (2006). “Tennis Elbow: Blending Basic Science with Clinical Practice.” Journal of Hand Therapy 19 (2): 146–53. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2006.02.016.
• Goguin, J. -P., & Rush, Fr. (2003). “Lateral Epicondylitis.What Is It Really?” Current Orthopaedics 17: 386–89. https:// doi.org/ 10. 1016/S0268.
• Hong, Q. N., Durand, M. J., & Loisel, P. (2004). “Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: Where Is the Evidence?” Joint Bone Spine 71 (5): 369–73.https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBSPIN.2003.05. 002.
• Hume, P. A., Reid, D., & Edwards, T. (2006). “Epicondylar Injury in Sport.” Sports Medicine 36 (2): 151–70. https://doi.org/ 10.2165/00007256-200636020-00005.
• Bishai, S. K., & Plancher, K. (2006). The Basic Science of Lateral Epicondylosis: Update for the Future. Techniques in Orthopaedics. Vol. 21.https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bto.0000252115.76643.78.
• Rotsalai, K. and Janwantanakul, P. (2005). “Comparison of Skin Surface Temperature during the Application of Various Cryotherapy Modalities.” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 86 (7): 1411–15.
• Knight, K. L. (1995). Cryotherapy in Sport Injury Management. Human Kinetics.
• Kraushaar, B. S., & Nirschl, R. P. (1999). “Tendinosis of the Elbow (Tennis Elbow). Clinical Features and Findings of Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Electron Microscopy Studies.” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 81 (2): 259–78.
• Kraushaar, B. S., & Nirschl, R. P. (1999). “Current Concepts Review Tendinosis of the Elbow (Tennis Elbow).” The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 81-A (2): 259–77.
• Lessard, L. A., Scudds, R. A., Amendola, A., & Vaz, M. D. (1997). “The Efficacy of Cryotherapy Following Arthroscopic Knee Surgery.” Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 26 (1): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1997.26.1.14.
• Loughin, C. A., & Marino, D. J. (2007). “Evaluation of Thermographic Imaging of the Limbs of Healthy Dogs.” American Journal of Veterinary Research 68 (10): 1064–69. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1064.
• Beyazova, M., & Kutsal, Y. G. eds. n.d. Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon 1-2. Güneş Tıp Kitapevleri. Accessed February 25, 2019. https://www.guneskitabevi.com/Fiziksel-Tip-ve-Rehabilitasyon-1-2,PR-130.html.
• Stanos, S. P. (2007). “Topical Agents for the Management of Musculoskeletal Pain.” Journal OfPain and Symptom Management 33 (3): 342–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j .jpainsymman.2006.11.005.
• Tunley, B. V., and Henson, F. M. D. (2004). “Reliability and Repeatability of Thermographic Examination and the Normal Thermographic Image of the Thoracolumbar Region in the Horse.” Equine Veterinary Journal 36 (4): 306–12.
• Uçan, Ö., & Ovayolu, N. (2007). " Non-pharmacological methods used in the control of cancer pain." Journal of Fırat Health Services; 2(4): 123-133.
• Vainer, B. G. (2005). “FPA-Based Infrared Thermography as Applied to the Study of Cutaneous Perspiration and Stimulated Vascular Response in Humans.” Physics in Medicine and
• Biology 50 (23): R63–94. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/23/R01.
• Waseem, M., Nuhmani, S., Ram, C. S., & Sachin, Y. (2012). “Lateral Epicondylitis: A Review of the Literature.” Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation 25 (2): 131–42.
• Wilson, J. J., & Best, T. M. (2005). “Common Overuse Tendon Problems: A Review and Recommendations for Treatment.” American Family Physician 72 (5): 811–18.