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Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023), 37 - 45, 25.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1371348

Öz

This study aims to determine the contribution of emotional regulation to mental toughness among athletes with disabilities. The approach used in this research is quantitative. The sampling technique used in this study is saturated sampling. All members of the population became participants in this study. A total of 69 athletes with disabilities who are members of the East Java National Paralympic Committee in Indonesia took part in the XVI National Paralympic Week. Participants aged 14–56 years (mean 29.855; SD 12.008) were grouped into three research based disabilities categoriies based on IPC (International Paralympic Committee) namely physical impairment, intellectual impairment, and vision impairment. The instruments used were the IERQ4S (Indonesian Emotion Regulation Questionnaires for Sport) and the Mental Toughness Scale. JASP (Jeffyes’s Amazing Statistic Program) software was used to analyze the data using linear regression. The results of the study show that emotional regulation contributes 57.6% to the mental toughness of athletes with disabilities in Indonesia with p < .001 and r 0.759. Through the emotional regulation mechanism, athletes with disabilities are able to have mental toughness during training and competition. This study has highlighted the contribution that emotional regulation to mental toughness in athletes with disabilities. This study suggests that athletes with disabilities should be aware of the importance of emotional regulation if they want to be mentally tough. As a conclusion, in addition to physical exercise, sports mental training programs in the field of emotional regulation must be designed.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, O. H., Slater, M., Barker, J. B., & Blake, T. (2019). Concussion in athletes with disabilities. Psychological Aspects of Sport-Related Concussions, 111–126. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351200516-8
  • Azim, M. G., Rahayuni, K., & Widiawati, P. (2023). Psychological skills of Malang State University athletes who participate in POMPROV 2022. Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health (IJRPESH), 1(1), 44–51. [CrossRef]
  • Balzarotti, S., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2010). An Italian adaptation of the emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 61–67. [CrossRef]
  • Bondár, R. Z., Fronso, S., Bortoli, L., Robazza, C., Metsios, G. S., & Bertollo, M. (2019). The effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(2), 69–92. [PubMed]
  • Bundon, A., Ashfield, A., Smith, B., & Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L. (2018). Struggling to stay and struggling to leave: The experiences of elite para-athletes at the end of their sport careers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 37(August 2017), 296–305. [CrossRef]
  • Calantonea, R. J., Cavusgila, S. T., & Zhaob, Y. (2002). Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google. Articulo De Investigación Científica, 31(1), 515–524.
  • Crawford, A., Tripp, D. A., Gierc, M., & Scott, S. (2021). The influence of mental toughness and self-regulation on post-season perceptions in varsity athletes. Journal of American College Health, 0(0), 1–9. [CrossRef]
  • Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes’ use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43–51. [CrossRef]
  • Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21–32. [CrossRef]
  • Fagher, K., Forsberg, A., Jacobsson, J., Timpka, T., Dahlström, Ö., & Lexell, J. (2016). Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(8), 1240–1249. [PubMed]
  • Falaahudin, A., Iwandana, D. T., Rengganis, D. R. P., MDNadzalan, A., & Zolkaf, A. (2021). Analysis of the Mental Training , Competitive Anxiety , Mental Toughness and Social Pressure Survey on the Gold Medal Target Burden. Ijcrr, 12(11).
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224–237. [PubMed]
  • Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual Differences in Two Emotion Regulation Processes: Implications for Affect, Relationships, and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. [PubMed]
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a mental toughness inventory for Australian football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 201–209. [CrossRef]
  • Gucciardi, Daniel F., Hanton, S., & Fleming, S. (2017). Are mental toughness and mental health contradictory concepts in elite sport? A narrative review of theory and evidence. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(3), 307–311. [PubMed]
  • Gucciardi, Daniel F., Peeling, P., Ducker, K. J., & Dawson, B. (2016). When the going gets tough: Mental toughness and its relationship with behavioural perseverance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(1), 81–86. [PubMed]
  • Hawthorne, K., & Loveall, S. J. (2021). Interpretation of ambiguous pronouns in adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability;65(2): 125-132. [CrossRef]
  • Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2018). Social psychology. In Pearson Education (8th ed.).
  • Jannah, M. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Untuk Psikologi. Unesa University Press.
  • Jannah, M., Widohardhono, R., Makiko, N. R., Sholichah, I. F., & Hidayah, R. (2023). The Role of Optimism in the Emotion Regulation of Athletes with Disabilities. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 527–532. [CrossRef]
  • Jenkins, J. (2022). The Motivation of an Paralympic Athlete with Autism and Challenges Associated with Competing Professionally by Joshua Jenkins The present thesis is submitted as Partial Fulfillment. 1–51.
  • Kawabata, M., Pavey, T. G., & Coulter, T. J. (2021). Evolving the validity of a mental toughness measure: Refined versions of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48. Stress and Health, 37(2), 378–391. [PubMed]
  • Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport: Systematic review and future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 381–394. [CrossRef]
  • Mendoza, D. (2023). Coping Strategies of Students in the Online Teaching and Learning of Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 2(1), 10-25. [CrossRef]
  • Mistretta, E. G., Glass, C. R., Spears, C. A., Perskaudas, R., Kaufman, K. A., & Hoyer, D. (2017). Collegiate athletes’ expectations and experiences with mindful sport performance enhancement. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(3), 201–221. [PubMed]
  • Mohebi, M., Zarei, S., & Sohbatiha, M. (2017). The relationship between Emotion regulation strategies and mental toughness in elite taekwondo athletes. Sport Psychology Studies, 6(21), 29–42. [CrossRef]
  • Mutz, J., Clough, P., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2017). Do individual differences in emotion regulation mediate the relationship between mental toughness and symptoms of depression? In Journal of Individual Differences (Vol. 38, Issue 2). [CrossRef]
  • Perry, J. L., Strycharczyk, D., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Papageorgiou, K. A., & Clough, P. J. (2021). Dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ48). Frontiers in Psychology, 12(July), 1–7. [PubMed]
  • Ramos, V. H. D., Román, M. R., Triguero, D. M., Godoy, S. J. I., & Buñuel, P. S. L. (2020). Relation of training load with emotions and performance in formative basketball. Retos, 2041(40), 164–173. [CrossRef]
  • Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000). Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 410–424. [PubMed]
  • Rogier, G., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2019). Is Emotional Suppression Always Bad? A Matter of Flexibility and Gender Differences. Current Psychology, 38(2), 411–420. [CrossRef]
  • Samadi, H., Moradi, J., & Karimi, H. (2022). Effectiveness of Sports Activities on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Perceived Psychological Stress, and Psychological Hardiness of Veterans and the Disabled. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 14(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.29252/ijwph.14.1.43
  • Tamminen, K. A., Kim, J., Danyluck, C., McEwen, C. E., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Wolf, S. A. (2021). The effect of self- and interpersonal emotion regulation on athletes’ anxiety and goal achievement in competition. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57, 102034. [CrossRef]
  • Townsend, R., & Cushion, C. (2017). Athlete-centred coaching in disability sport. Perspectives on Athlete-Centred Coaching, 47–56. [CrossRef]
  • Wijayanti, D. G. S., Soegiyanto, & Nasuka. (2016). Sports development for people with disabilities at the National Paralympic Committee Salatiga. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 5(1), 17–23. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpes
  • Yavorovskaya, A., Polikanova, I., Semenov, Y., Leonov, S., & Rasskazova, E. (2021). Emotional regulation as factor of commitment to paralympic sports. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S460–S461. [CrossRef]
  • Zienius, M., Skarbalius, A., Zuoza, A. K., & Pukėnas, K. (2018). Peculiarities of Pre-Competitive Psychological Factors, Sport Performance Indicators and Physiological Demands in Youth Golf. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 2(93). [CrossRef]
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023), 37 - 45, 25.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1371348

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, O. H., Slater, M., Barker, J. B., & Blake, T. (2019). Concussion in athletes with disabilities. Psychological Aspects of Sport-Related Concussions, 111–126. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351200516-8
  • Azim, M. G., Rahayuni, K., & Widiawati, P. (2023). Psychological skills of Malang State University athletes who participate in POMPROV 2022. Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health (IJRPESH), 1(1), 44–51. [CrossRef]
  • Balzarotti, S., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2010). An Italian adaptation of the emotion regulation questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 61–67. [CrossRef]
  • Bondár, R. Z., Fronso, S., Bortoli, L., Robazza, C., Metsios, G. S., & Bertollo, M. (2019). The effects of physical activity or sport‐based interventions on psychological factors in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64(2), 69–92. [PubMed]
  • Bundon, A., Ashfield, A., Smith, B., & Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L. (2018). Struggling to stay and struggling to leave: The experiences of elite para-athletes at the end of their sport careers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 37(August 2017), 296–305. [CrossRef]
  • Calantonea, R. J., Cavusgila, S. T., & Zhaob, Y. (2002). Machine Translated by Google Machine Translated by Google. Articulo De Investigación Científica, 31(1), 515–524.
  • Crawford, A., Tripp, D. A., Gierc, M., & Scott, S. (2021). The influence of mental toughness and self-regulation on post-season perceptions in varsity athletes. Journal of American College Health, 0(0), 1–9. [CrossRef]
  • Crust, L., & Azadi, K. (2010). Mental toughness and athletes’ use of psychological strategies. European Journal of Sport Science, 10(1), 43–51. [CrossRef]
  • Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2011). Developing mental toughness: From research to practice. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 2(1), 21–32. [CrossRef]
  • Fagher, K., Forsberg, A., Jacobsson, J., Timpka, T., Dahlström, Ö., & Lexell, J. (2016). Paralympic athletes’ perceptions of their experiences of sports-related injuries, risk factors and preventive possibilities. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(8), 1240–1249. [PubMed]
  • Falaahudin, A., Iwandana, D. T., Rengganis, D. R. P., MDNadzalan, A., & Zolkaf, A. (2021). Analysis of the Mental Training , Competitive Anxiety , Mental Toughness and Social Pressure Survey on the Gold Medal Target Burden. Ijcrr, 12(11).
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224–237. [PubMed]
  • Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual Differences in Two Emotion Regulation Processes: Implications for Affect, Relationships, and Well-Being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348–362. [PubMed]
  • Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2009). Development and preliminary validation of a mental toughness inventory for Australian football. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(1), 201–209. [CrossRef]
  • Gucciardi, Daniel F., Hanton, S., & Fleming, S. (2017). Are mental toughness and mental health contradictory concepts in elite sport? A narrative review of theory and evidence. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(3), 307–311. [PubMed]
  • Gucciardi, Daniel F., Peeling, P., Ducker, K. J., & Dawson, B. (2016). When the going gets tough: Mental toughness and its relationship with behavioural perseverance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(1), 81–86. [PubMed]
  • Hawthorne, K., & Loveall, S. J. (2021). Interpretation of ambiguous pronouns in adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability;65(2): 125-132. [CrossRef]
  • Hogg, M. A., & Vaughan, G. M. (2018). Social psychology. In Pearson Education (8th ed.).
  • Jannah, M. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Untuk Psikologi. Unesa University Press.
  • Jannah, M., Widohardhono, R., Makiko, N. R., Sholichah, I. F., & Hidayah, R. (2023). The Role of Optimism in the Emotion Regulation of Athletes with Disabilities. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 527–532. [CrossRef]
  • Jenkins, J. (2022). The Motivation of an Paralympic Athlete with Autism and Challenges Associated with Competing Professionally by Joshua Jenkins The present thesis is submitted as Partial Fulfillment. 1–51.
  • Kawabata, M., Pavey, T. G., & Coulter, T. J. (2021). Evolving the validity of a mental toughness measure: Refined versions of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-48. Stress and Health, 37(2), 378–391. [PubMed]
  • Liew, G. C., Kuan, G., Chin, N. S., & Hashim, H. A. (2019). Mental toughness in sport: Systematic review and future. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(4), 381–394. [CrossRef]
  • Mendoza, D. (2023). Coping Strategies of Students in the Online Teaching and Learning of Physical Education. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 2(1), 10-25. [CrossRef]
  • Mistretta, E. G., Glass, C. R., Spears, C. A., Perskaudas, R., Kaufman, K. A., & Hoyer, D. (2017). Collegiate athletes’ expectations and experiences with mindful sport performance enhancement. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 11(3), 201–221. [PubMed]
  • Mohebi, M., Zarei, S., & Sohbatiha, M. (2017). The relationship between Emotion regulation strategies and mental toughness in elite taekwondo athletes. Sport Psychology Studies, 6(21), 29–42. [CrossRef]
  • Mutz, J., Clough, P., & Papageorgiou, K. A. (2017). Do individual differences in emotion regulation mediate the relationship between mental toughness and symptoms of depression? In Journal of Individual Differences (Vol. 38, Issue 2). [CrossRef]
  • Perry, J. L., Strycharczyk, D., Dagnall, N., Denovan, A., Papageorgiou, K. A., & Clough, P. J. (2021). Dimensionality of the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ48). Frontiers in Psychology, 12(July), 1–7. [PubMed]
  • Ramos, V. H. D., Román, M. R., Triguero, D. M., Godoy, S. J. I., & Buñuel, P. S. L. (2020). Relation of training load with emotions and performance in formative basketball. Retos, 2041(40), 164–173. [CrossRef]
  • Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (2000). Emotion regulation and memory: The cognitive costs of keeping one’s cool. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 410–424. [PubMed]
  • Rogier, G., Garofalo, C., & Velotti, P. (2019). Is Emotional Suppression Always Bad? A Matter of Flexibility and Gender Differences. Current Psychology, 38(2), 411–420. [CrossRef]
  • Samadi, H., Moradi, J., & Karimi, H. (2022). Effectiveness of Sports Activities on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies, Perceived Psychological Stress, and Psychological Hardiness of Veterans and the Disabled. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 14(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.29252/ijwph.14.1.43
  • Tamminen, K. A., Kim, J., Danyluck, C., McEwen, C. E., Wagstaff, C. R. D., & Wolf, S. A. (2021). The effect of self- and interpersonal emotion regulation on athletes’ anxiety and goal achievement in competition. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 57, 102034. [CrossRef]
  • Townsend, R., & Cushion, C. (2017). Athlete-centred coaching in disability sport. Perspectives on Athlete-Centred Coaching, 47–56. [CrossRef]
  • Wijayanti, D. G. S., Soegiyanto, & Nasuka. (2016). Sports development for people with disabilities at the National Paralympic Committee Salatiga. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 5(1), 17–23. http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jpes
  • Yavorovskaya, A., Polikanova, I., Semenov, Y., Leonov, S., & Rasskazova, E. (2021). Emotional regulation as factor of commitment to paralympic sports. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S460–S461. [CrossRef]
  • Zienius, M., Skarbalius, A., Zuoza, A. K., & Pukėnas, K. (2018). Peculiarities of Pre-Competitive Psychological Factors, Sport Performance Indicators and Physiological Demands in Youth Golf. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 2(93). [CrossRef]
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Miftakhul Jannah 0000-0001-8537-8114

Rachman Widohardhono 0000-0001-6696-1435

Nabila Rachman 0009-0004-8379-157X

Muhammad Aufa Al Farisi Ann Haba Sauda 0009-0002-3172-3888

Farida Harahap 0000-0003-4814-7653

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Şubat 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023)

Kaynak Göster

APA Jannah, M., Widohardhono, R., Rachman, N., Sauda, M. A. A. F. A. H., vd. (2024). Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7((Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1371348
AMA Jannah M, Widohardhono R, Rachman N, Sauda MAAFAH, Harahap F. Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. Şubat 2024;7((Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023):37-45. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1371348
Chicago Jannah, Miftakhul, Rachman Widohardhono, Nabila Rachman, Muhammad Aufa Al Farisi Ann Haba Sauda, ve Farida Harahap. “Athletes With Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, sy. (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023) (Şubat 2024): 37-45. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1371348.
EndNote Jannah M, Widohardhono R, Rachman N, Sauda MAAFAH, Harahap F (01 Şubat 2024) Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023) 37–45.
IEEE M. Jannah, R. Widohardhono, N. Rachman, M. A. A. F. A. H. Sauda, ve F. Harahap, “Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, c. 7, sy. (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023), ss. 37–45, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1371348.
ISNAD Jannah, Miftakhul vd. “Athletes With Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/(Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023) (Şubat 2024), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1371348.
JAMA Jannah M, Widohardhono R, Rachman N, Sauda MAAFAH, Harahap F. Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2024;7:37–45.
MLA Jannah, Miftakhul vd. “Athletes With Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, c. 7, sy. (Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023), 2024, ss. 37-45, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1371348.
Vancouver Jannah M, Widohardhono R, Rachman N, Sauda MAAFAH, Harahap F. Athletes with Disability: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness?. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences. 2024;7((Special Issue 1): International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH, 2023):37-45.


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