Overweight and Obesity among University Student: Cross Sectional Study Exposes Association with Food Habit and Physical Activity

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 326 - 334, 25.03.2024

Pudjijuniarto Pudjijuniarto , Anindya Maratus Sholikhah , Dita Yuliastrid , Eva Ferdita Yuhantini , Shidqi Hamdi Pratama Putera

https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1381954

Cited By: 1

Öz

This study aims to investigate the association between food habit, physical activity, and nutritional status in university students. Cross sectional study was conducted on 62 undergraduate university students (22 males, 40 females, 20.82 ± 2.52 years) enrolled from five departments. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to measure physical activity level. Evaluation of food habit was collected through a validated Recommended Foods Score which has been adapted to measure diet quality in general with a focus on healthy food intake. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test were done to compare the measured variables between sport major and non-sport major student. Spearman correlation was performed to examine the association between measured variables. The results showed that more than one-fifth of total subjects (21%) were overweight. Food habit is associated with body mass index (p=0.005) and METs score (p=0.032). Lastly, physical activity was positively associated with BMI (p=0.004). From the findings it can be conclude that balance amount of healthy food and actively engage in physical activity can contribute to lower BMI, as well as maintain health and well-being. This also happens to adolescent population, include university students an age group which could be addressed to prevent several health problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adolescents, Food Pattern, Obesity, Overweight, Physical Activity, Recommended Food Score

Etik Beyan

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Teşekkür

The author would like to thank profusely all those who have helped in the completion of this project.

Kaynakça

• Azzahra, S., Agustini, D., & Citrawati, M. (2020). The relationship between high body mass index (obesity) and the incidence of flat feet in students of the Faculty of Medicine UPN Veterans Jakarta Academic Year 2019/2020. Anatomical Medical Journal, 3(3), 128–136. [Crossref]
• Berhanu, H., Gebremichael, B., Roba, K. T., Moges, S., & Gebremedhin, M. (2023). Drivers of Food Choice Among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Structural Equation Model. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, 15, 1–11. [Crossref]
• Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. [Pubmed]
• Bulqini, A., Sholikhah, A. M., Ridwan, M., & Prakoso, B. B. (2021). Impact of health-related lifestyle (HRL) factors on student academic achievement. Degres, 20(1), Article 1. [Crossref]
• CDC. (2018). Progress on Childhood Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/childhoodobesity/index.html Coelho, L. G., Cândido, A. P. C., Machado-Coelho, G. L. L., & Freitas, S. N. de. (2012). Association between nutritional status, food habits and physical activity level in schoolchildren. Jornal De Pediatria, 88(5), 406–412. [Pubmed]
• Correa-Rodríguez, M., Rueda-Medina, B., González-Jiménez, E., & Schmidt-RioValle, J. (2017). Associations between body composition, nutrition, and physical activity in young adults. American Journal of Human Biology: The Official Journal of the Human Biology Council, 29(1). [Pubmed]
• Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381–1395. [Crossref]
• Dewi, R. C., Rimawati, N., & Purbodjati. (2021). Body mass index, physical activity, and physical fitness of adolescence. Journal of Public Health Research, 10(2), 2230. [Crossref]
• Diani, Y., Novelyn, S., Cing, J., Suryowati, T., Aritonang, C., Daroedono, E., & Andiani, A. (2023). Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Medical Students across Indonesia: A Literature Review. 18(2), 34–45. [Crossref]
• Dias, P. J. P., Domingos, I. P., Ferreira, M. G., Muraro, A. P., Sichieri, R., & Gonçalves-Silva, R. M. V. (2014). Prevalence and factors associated with sedentary behavior in adolescents. Revista de Saúde Pública, 48(2), 266–274. [Pubmed]
• Enes, C. C., & Slater, B. (2010). Obesity in adolescence and its main determinants. Revista Brasileira De Epidemiologia = Brazilian Journal of Epidemiology, 13(1), 163–171. 5 [Pubmed]
• Fadillah, A. N., Maulang, I., & Hardiyanty, N. (2021). The correlation between sedentary lifestyle and physical fitness level in adolescents. Enfermería Clínica, 31, S668–S671. [Crossref]
• Gan, W. Y., Mohd, N. M. T., Zalilah, M. S., & Hazizi, A. S. (2011). Differences in eating behaviours, dietary intake and body weight status between male and female Malaysian University students. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 17(2), 213–228. [Pubmed]
• Ganasegeran, K., Al-Dubai, S. A., Qureshi, A. M., Al-abed, A. A., AM, R., & Aljunid, S. M. (2012). Social and psychological factors affecting eating habits among university students in a Malaysian medical school: A cross-sectional study. Nutrition Journal, 11(1), 48. [Pubmed]
• Genena, D. M., & Salama, A. A. (2017). Obesity and Eating Habits among University Students in Alexandria, Egypt: A Cross Sectional Study. World Journal of Nutrition and Health, 5(3), Article 3. [Crossref]
• González-Muniesa, P., Mártinez-González, M.-A., Hu, F. B., Després, J.-P., Matsuzawa, Y., Loos, R. J. F., Moreno, L. A., Bray, G. A., & Martinez, J. A. (2017). Obesity. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 3, 17034. [Crossref]
• Granic, A., Jagger, C., Davies, K., Adamson, A., Kirkwood, T., Hill, T. R., Siervo, M., Mathers, J. C., & Sayer, A. A. (2016). Effect of Dietary Patterns on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in the Very Old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study. PloS One, 11(3), e0149699. [Pubmed]
• Grasdalsmoen, M., Eriksen, H. R., Lønning, K. J., & Sivertsen, B. (2019). Physical exercise and body-mass index in young adults: A national survey of Norwegian university students. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1354. [Pubmed]
• Gutiérrez-Pliego, L. E., Camarillo-Romero, E. del S., Montenegro-Morales, L. P., & Garduño-García, J. de J. (2016). Dietary patterns associated with body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle in Mexican adolescents. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 850. [Pubmed]
• Hariyanto, A., Sholikhah, A. M., Mustar, Y. S., Pramono, B. A., & Putera, S. H. P. (2023). Physical Activity and Its Relation to Academic Performance Among University Students. 712–720. [Crossref]
• Henning, R. J. (2021). Obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory disease contribute to atherosclerosis: A review of the pathophysiology and treatment of obesity. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease, 11(4), 504–529. [Pubmed]
• Jakobovich, R., Berry, E. M., Levita, A., & Levin-Zamir, D. (2023). Developing Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Early Age—An Intervention Study in Kindergartens. Nutrients, 15(11), 2615. [Pubmed]
• Janicke, D. M., Mitchell, T. B., Basch, M. C., Ding, K., Jones, L. C., Pinto, S., Moorman, E. L., Reynolds, C. M., Gonzalez-Louis, R. C., & Wolock, E. R. (2021). Meta-analysis of lifestyle modification interventions addressing overweight and obesity in preschool-age children. Health Psychology, 40(9), 631–641. [Pubmed]
• Jebeile, H., Kelly, A. S., O’Malley, G., & Baur, L. A. (2022). Obesity in children and adolescents: Epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management. The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology, 10(5), 351–365. [Pubmed]
• Jeong, G. W., Kim, Y. J., Park, S., Kim, H., & Kwon, O. (2019). Associations of recommended food score and physical performance in Korean elderly. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 128. [Pubmed]
• Kabir, A., Miah, S., & Islam, A. (2018). Factors influencing eating behavior and dietary intake among resident students in a public university in Bangladesh: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 13(6), e0198801. [Pubmed]
• Kant, A. K., Schatzkin, A., Graubard, B. I., & Schairer, C. (2000). A prospective study of diet quality and mortality in women. JAMA, 283(16), 2109–2115. [Pubmed]
• Kok, T., Wiriantono, V., Aditama, L., & Bakhriansyah, J. (2023). The Factors Affecting The Occurrence of Obesity in College Students. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 12(1), Article 1. [Crossref]
• López-Sánchez, G. F., Radzimiński, Ł., Skalska, M., Jastrzębska, J., Smith, L., Wakuluk, D., & Jastrzębski, Z. (2019). Body composition, physical fitness, physical activity and nutrition in polish and spanish male students of sports sciences: Differences and correlations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1148. [Pubmed]
• Marquis, M. (2005). Exploring convenience orientation as a food motivation for college students living in residence halls. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(1), 55–63. [Crossref]
• Maulana, R., Mustar, Y. S., Sholikhah, A. M., Pramono, B. A., & Susanto, I. H. (2021). Sedentary Behavior Among School-aged Students During Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. 489–495. [Crossref]
• Mello, E. D. de, Luft, V. C., & Meyer, F. (2004). Obesidade infantil: Como podemos ser eficazes? Jornal de Pediatria, 80, 173–182. [Crossref]
• Merino, B. M., Briones, E. G., Aznar-Lain, S., Webster, T., & Chicharro, J. L. (2017). Physical activity and health in children and adolescents. Ministerio de Educacion Y Cienca.
• Ministry of Health. (2018a). Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Health Information Center, Ministry of Health.
• Ministry of Health. (2018b). Klasifikasi IMT Nasional. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/ obesitas/klasifikasi-obesitas-setelah-pengukuran-imt
• Muharam, R. R. (2019). Hubungan Antara Pola Makan Dan Status Gizi Dengan Tingkat Kebugaran Atlet Dayung. JOSSAE (Journal of Sport Science and Education), 4(1), Article 1. [Crossref]
• Nelson, M. C., Kocos, R., Lytle, L. A., & Perry, C. L. (2009). Understanding the perceived determinants of weight-related behaviors in late adolescence: A qualitative analysis among college youth. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 41(4), 287–292. [Pubmed]
• Nugroho, P. S., Wijayanti, A. C., Sunarti, S., Suprayitno, & Sudirno. (2020). Obesity and Its Risk Factors Among Adolescent in Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 16(2), 173–179. [Crossref]
• Obesity and overweight. (n.d.). Retrieved 1 October 2023, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
• Qadir, M. S., Rampal, L., Sidik, S. M., Said, S. M., & Ramzi, Z. S. (2014). Prevalence of obesity and associated factors among secondary school students in Slemani City Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 27–38. [Crossref]
• Ridwan, M., Sholikhah, A. M., & Prakoso, B. B. (2022). Health literacy and health-related behavior in sport among University students in East Java, Indonesia: A cross sectional study. Journal Sport Area, 7(1), 104–116. [Crossref]
• Romano, E., Ma, R., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Felez-Nobrega, M., Haro, J. M., Stubbs, B., & Koyanagi, A. (2021). Multimorbidity and obesity in older adults from six low- and middle-income countries. Preventive Medicine, 153, 106816. [Pubmed]
• Sarintohe, E., Larsen, J. K., Burk, W. J., & Vink, J. M. (2022). The Prevalence of Overweight Status among Early Adolescents from Private Schools in Indonesia: Sex-Specific Patterns Determined by School Urbanization Level. Nutrients, 14(5), 1001. [Pubmed]
• Scaglioni, S., Cosmi, V. D., Ciappolino, V., Parazzini, F., Brambilla, P., & Agostoni, C. (2018). Factors Influencing Children’s Eating Behaviours. Nutrients, 10(6). [Pubmed]
• Sholikhah, A. M., & Ridwan, M. (2021). Swimming training on moderate intensity significantly reduces total cholesterol and bodyweight on hypercholesterolemic rat model. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(1), 1. [Crossref]
• Sholikhah, A. M., & Tuah, N. A. A. H. M. (2021). Predictors of Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in Developing Countries: A Literature Review. 338–350. [Crossref]
• Slater, B., Philippi, S. T., Fisberg, R. M., & Latorre, M. R. D. O. (2003). Validation of a semi-quantitative adolescent food frequency questionnaire applied at a public school in São Paulo, Brazil. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 57(5), 629–635. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601588 [Pubmed]
• Villalobos, J. Á. C. (2016). Obesity: The real pandemic of the 21st century. Cirugía y Cirujanos (English Edition), 84(5), 351–355. [Pubmed]
• WHO. (2017). Obesity and Overweight.
• Wolongevicz, D. M., Zhu, L., Pencina, M. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Newby, P. K., D’Agostino, R. B., & Millen, B. E. (2010). Diet quality and obesity in women: The Framingham Nutrition Studies. The British Journal of Nutrition, 103(8), 1223–1229. Yun, T. C., Ahmad, S. R., & Quee, D. K. S. (2018). Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Practices among University Students in Universiti Brunei Darussalam. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences : MJMS, 25(3), 56–66. [Pubmed]
• Ziaei, R., Mohammadi, R., Dastgiri, S., Baybordi, E., Rahimi, V. A., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., & Viitasara, E. (2022). The prevalence and correlates of physical activity/inactivity and sedentary behaviour among high-school adolescents in Iran: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Public Health, 30(5), 1121–1131. [Crossref]