Dünya’nın Teknolojik Başarısı: Ülkelerin, Kıtaların ve Dönemlerin Güncellenmesi ve Analizi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 250 - 268, 14.03.2022

Büşra Ağan

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1005608

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1990-2019 döneminde 72 ülke için Teknoloji Başarı Endeksinin gelişimini incelemektedir. TAI'deki ülkeler dört grup ülke halinde sınıflandırılır ve TAI'nin belirleyicileri üç zaman diliminde teknolojinin yaratılması, eski teknolojinin yayılması, yeni teknolojinin yayılması ve insan becerilerinin geliştirilmesinden oluşmaktadır. Ana bulgular, TAI sıralamasının 9 ülke liderlerden oluştuğunu, potansiyel liderlerin 43 ülke olduğunu, dinamik benimseyenler 5 ülke olduğunu ve sadece 5 ülkenin marjinalleştiğini göstermektedir. Genel olarak bulgular, TAI liderlerinin teknolojiye üç dönemde de erişme ve kullanma yeteneklerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, son on yılda, potansiyel liderler sıralamasına giren ülkelerin sayısında bir artış gözlemlendi. Ek olarak, ampirik bulgular, dört alt endeks arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ve pozitif bir korelasyona sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, dört alt endeks, gelir düzeyi ve zaman bazında ülkelerin kalkınmasında teknolojik başarıların, yayılmaların ve adaptasyonların rolünü sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teknoloji Başarı Endeksi, Teknoloji Yayılımı, Teknoloji Yaratma, İnsan Becerileri

Technological Achievement of the World: An Update and Analysis of Countries, Continents and Periods

Öz

This study examines the development of Technology Achievement Index for 72 nations from 1990 through 2019. The nations in the TAI are classified into four groups of countries and the determinants of TAI are comprised of creation of technology, diffusion of old technology, diffusion of new technology, and development of human skills for three periods of time. The main findings indicate that TAI ranking consists of leaders who are 9 countries, potential leaders are 43 countries, dynamic adopters are 5 countries, and only 5 countries are marginalized. In general, the findings show that leaders of TAI have capabilities to enable and use technology in three periods. Besides, over the past decades, the number of countries entering the ranks of potential leaders has observed an increase. Additionally, the empirical findings demonstrate that there is a statistically significant relationship between four sub-indices and has a positive correlation. This study, therefore, provides on the role of technological achievements, diffusions, and adaptions in the development of countries on the basis of four sub-indices, income levels, and time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Technology Achievement Index, Technology Diffusion, Technology Creation, Human Skills

Kaynakça

• Ali, T.M., Kiani, A.K., Asrar, M., Bashir T., 2014, “Technology Achievement Index of Muslim Nations-Ranking and Comparative Study” Science, Technology and Development, Vol: 33, (2), pp. 49-62.
• Arcelus, F., Sharma, B., & Srinivasan, G. (2005). Assessing the information content of the technology achievement index in the presence of the human development. Economics Bulletin, 15(1).
• Archibugi, D., & Coco, A. (2004). A new indicator of technological capabilities for developed and developing countries (ArCo). World Development, 32(4), 629–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.10.008.
• Burinskiene, A. (2013). International Trade, Innovations, and Technological Achievement in Countries.795–812. https://doi.org/10.2507/daaam.scibook.2013.48
• Cherchye, L., Moesen, W., Rogge, N., Van Puyenbroeck, T., Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., Liska, R., & Tarantola, S. (2008). Creating composite indicators with DEA and robustness analysis: The case of the Technology Achievement Index. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 59(2), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602445
• Desai, M., Fukuda-Parr, S., Johansson, C., & Sagasti, F. (2002). Measuring the Technology Achievement of Nations and the Capacity to Participate in the Network Age. Journal of Human Development, 3(1), 95–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880120105399
• Gani, A. (2009). Technological Achievement, High Technology Exports and Growth. Journal of Comparative International Management, 12(2), 31.
• Gani, A., & Sharma, B. (2003). The effects of information technology achievement and diffusion on foreign direct investment. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 2(2), 161–178. https://doi.org/10.1163/156915003322763548
• Hill, R. P., & Dhanda, K. K. (2003). Technological achievement and human development: A view from the United Nations Development Program. Human Rights Quarterly, 25(4), 1020–1034. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2003.0044
• Incekara, A., Guz, T., & Sengun, G. (2017). Measuring the technology achievement index: comparison and ranking of countries. Pressacademia, 4(2), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2017.446
• Nasir, A., Ali, T. M., Shahdin, S., & Rahman, T. U. (2011). Technology achievement index 2009: Ranking and comparative study of nations. Scientometrics, 87(1), 41–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0285-6
• Ratnapuri, C. I., & Inayati, T. (2019). Technology Gaps among South East Asia Countries from the Perspective of Technology Achievement Index. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4), 500–505.https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d6916.11841