International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies

2548-060X

İlker ÖRS

10.31593/ijeat.1217710

Electrical Engineering

Elektrik Mühendisliği

SPICE modelling and analysis of hybrid energy harvester combiner topologies

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-1416

Selvakumar

Davıd

C-DAC BANGALORE

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-1416

Mervın

C-DAC BANGALORE

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-1416

Ghosh

Anurupa

C-DAC BANGALORE

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-1416

Deb

Arnab

C-DAC BANGALORE

12 31 2023

10 2 34 48 12 16 2022 11 21 2023

2014

International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies

Harvesting energy from multiple hybrid sources and efficiently combining the harvested energies is critical for enabling self-powered devices. Designing an efficient energy combiner is a technical challenge and is non-trivial. Various factors viz. kinds of sources, harvestable energy level and range from the sources, electrical characteristics of sources (low current and high voltage, high current and low voltage, capacitive, inductive etc.), impedance matching (resistive, resistive-reactive, modulus, complex conjugate etc.) of sources, sources scheduling algorithms for combiner, sources switching and control/trigger circuit losses, power conversion and management etc. influence the overall energy combiner’s efficiency. Considering that, this article presents a SPICE modelling and simulation framework for analyzing hybrid energy harvester combiner topologies such as Inductor sharing, voltage level detection and powerORing for its power and energy flow characteristics, regulation, and energy combining efficiency. Such analysis through simulation enables arriving efficient combiner architecture for the chosen harvestable resources, source models, power management circuits and schemes etc. Based on a case study with three different kinds of sources, it has been observed that the voltage level detection technique with DC-DC converters results in the highest efficiency as compared with the other two topologies for such a scenario.

Energy combiner modelling Hybrid sources energy harvesting Introductor sharing PowerOring and voltage level detection SPICE modelling and simulation

Andrey, Raffaele, Powering IoT devices: technologies and opportuniti- es,IEEE, Internet of Things, Newsletter, Nov. 2015.

Zeinab, Elmustafa, Internet of Things: Applications, Challenges and Re- lated Future Technologies, World Scientific News 67(2), 2017.

P.Sujesha, “Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes: Survey and Implications,” IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 2011.

Shashi Kiran, David, et.al, Modelling Simulation and Analysis of Piezo Electric Energy Harvester for Wireless Sensors, ICCEREC, 2015.

D.Carli, et.al, An Effective Multi-Source Energy Harvester for Low Power Applications. Design, Automation & Test in Europe, 2011.

Yen Kheng Tan, et al.: Energy Harvesting From Hybrid Indoor Ambient Light and Thermal Energy Sources for Enhanced Performance of Wireless Sensor Nodes. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011.

Li, H.Zhang, G.Ma, R.You, Z.: Design and Experimental Evaluation on an Advanced Multisource Energy Harvesting system for Wireless Sensor Nodes. Sci. World J., 2014.

S. Uluşan Chamanian, et.al, Triple Hybrid Energy Harvesting Interface Electronics, IOP Publishing Ltd, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 773, 2016.

M. Alhawari et al., Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices, Analog Circuits and Signal Processing, Springer Publishing AG 2018.

Mohammad Alhawari et.al, Power management unit for multi-source energy harvesting in wearable electronics, IEEE 59th MWSCAS, 2016.

J. Colomer et al., A Multi-harvested Self-Powered System in a Low- Voltage Low-Power Tech. IEEE Trans. On Indus. Electronics, 2011.

Taewook Kang, et. al.: An Energy Combiner for a Multi-Input Energy- Harvesting System, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems II, 2015.

R. V. C. Adrivan, R. K. G. Conde, et.al. "An Energy Combiner for Multi- Source Energy Harvesting with Charge Control," 19th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2019, pp. 371-376.

Sung-Eun K, et al.: Energy Management Integrated Circuit for MultiSource Energy Harvesters in WBAN Applications. MDPI.

Ridvan Umaz, Lei Wang, An Energy Combiner Design for Multiple Microbial Energy Harvesting Sources, Proceeding GLSVLSI '17.

Claude Vankecke, et al.: Multisource and Battery-Free Energy Harvesting Architecture for Aeronautics Applications. IEEE transactions on power electronics.,2015.

Salar, Berkay, et. al., Power-Efficient Hybrid Energy Harvesting System for Harnessing Ambient Vibrations, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-I, Regular Papers, Vol. 66, July, 2019.

Hélène, Cyril, et.al., Efficient Power Management Circuit: From Thermal Energy Harvesting to Above-IC Micro-battery Energy Storage, IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol. 43, January, 2008.

Di Cao, Jing-run Jia et.al. Hybrid Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field and Solar Energy Harvesting Architecture for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor System, WASA 2019.

Saurav Bandyopadhyay, et.al;.,Platform Architecture for Solar, Thermal, and Vibration Energy Combining With MPPT and Single Inductor. IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2012.

Romani, R. P. Paganelli, and M. Tartagni.: A scalable micro-power converter for multi-source piezoelectric energy harvesting applications. Procedia Eng 2010.

Michele Dini, Aldo Romani, et al.: A Nanocurrent Power Management IC for Multiple Heterogeneous Energy Harvesting Sources", IEEE transactions on power electronics. (2015).

Johan J, Estrada-López, et.al. Multiple Input Energy Harvesting Systems for Autonomous IoT End-Nodes, Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications, 2018.

M. Kundurthi, D. Mallick and A. Jain, "System Level Modeling and Optimization of Hybrid Vibration Energy Harvesters," 2020 IEEE International Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS), ‘20, pp. 1-5.

S. Saggini, S. Giro, F. Ongaro and P. Mattavelli, "Implementation of reactive and resistive load matching for optimal energy harvesting from piezoelectric generators," 2010 IEEE 12th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2010, pp. 1-6.

Madoka Kubota, Ryo Takahashi, Takashi Hikihara, “Active and reactive power in stochastic resonance for energy harvesting”, https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.04084

L.Dal Bo, P.Gardonio, E.Turco, “Analysis and scaling study of vibration energy harvesting with reactive electromagnetic and piezoelectric transducers”, Journal of Sound and Vibration”, Volume 484, 13 October 2020, 115510.

Brufau-Penella J, Puig-Vidal M. “Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Improvement with Complex Conjugate Impedance Matching”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2009;20(5):597-608.

Liang, J. and Liao, W.-H., “Impedance matching for improving piezoelectric energy harvesting systems”, in Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems 2010, vol. 7643.

Michele Bonnin, Fabio L. Traversa, “An Impedance Matching Solution to Increase the Harvested Power and Efficiency of Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters”, Energies 2022, 15(8), 2764.

F. Mumtaz, N. Z. Yahaya, S. T. Meraj, R. Kannan, B. S. M. Singh and O. Ibrahim, "Multi-Input Multi-Output DC-DC Converter Network For Hybrid Renewable Energy Applications," 2020 International Conference on Innovation and Intelligence for Informatics, Computing and Technologies (3ICT), 2020, pp. 1-6.

Energy Management Integrated Circuit for Multi-Source Energy Harvesters in WBAN Applications, Sung-Eun Kim, Taewook Kang, Kwang-Il Oh, Mi Jeong Park, Hyung-Il Park, In Gi Lim, Jae-Jin Lee, Appl. Sci. ’18, 8(8),1262.

F. Deng, X. Yue, X. Fan, S. Guan, Y. Xu and J. Chen, "Multisource Energy Harvesting System for a Wireless Sensor Network Node in the Field Environment," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 918- 927, Feb. 2019.

Umaz, R. “Multi Source Energy Harvesting Architecture With A Common Control Circuit”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1384-1391, Dec. 2019.

W. Zhou et al., "Research on Multi-source Environmental Micro Energy Harvesting and Utilization," 2021 6th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), Chongqing, China, 2021, pp. 1072-1076.

G. Chowdary, A. Singh and S. Chatterjee, "An 18 nA, 87% Efficient Solar, Vibration and RF Energy-Harvesting Power Management System With a Single Shared Inductor," in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 2501-2513, Oct. 2016.

Gao Zhuo, Wang Shiwei, Li Yongfu, Chen Mingyi “Review of the Multi- Input Single-Inductor Multi-Output Energy Harvesting Interface Applied in Wearable Electronics”, Frontiers in Electronics, Vol. 2, 2021.

C. Shi, B. Miller, K. Mayaram and T. Fiez, "A Multiple-Input Boost Converter for Low-Power Energy Harvesting," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 827-831, Dec. 2011.

Devaraj, M. Megahed, Y. Liu, A. Ramachandran and T. Anand, "A Switched Capacitor Multiple Input Single Output Energy Harvester (Solar + Piezo) Achieving 74.6% Efficiency With Simultaneous MPPT," in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 4876-4887, Dec. 2019.

Umaz, Ridvan (2020) "A fully battery less multi-input single inductor single output energy harvesting Architecture," Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences: Vol. 28: No. 3, Article 10.