Using GIS-supported MCDA method for appropriate site selection of parking lots: The case study of the city of Tetovo, North Macedonia

Abstract

The provision of adequate parking spaces for vehicles has emerged as a prominent and challenging issue confronted by towns, cities, and municipal authorities in recent years. Addressing this problem necessitates a thorough examination of the prevailing physical conditions in existing parking areas, while simultaneously undertaking analyses to identify suitable locations for new parking areas or parking lots. This study focuses on the city of Tetovo, North Macedonia, investigating and assessing the available parking areas while analyzing potential sites in accordance with the city's needs and requirements. To facilitate decision-making, a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach is employed to address the parking site selection analysis problem. The weightage of criteria utilized in the analysis is estimated, and potential parking solutions or site selections for new parking areas are identified through the combined application of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques, identifying primary and sub-criteria, with a focus on Land Use and Transportation as the main criteria for selecting parking lots. The integration of GIS and AHP offers an effective and optimal methodology for site selection and identifying suitable parking locations. AHP method, applied to criteria, determined relative weights through expert opinions, while GIS facilitated spatial analysis for identifying suitable parking locations. The study identifies accessibility to main roads as the criterion carrying the greatest weight (0.517), while accessibility to cultural facilities holds the lowest weight (0.117). The study serves as a pivotal resource for sustainable urban management and decision-making, providing insights into future urban planning and the identification of suitable parking lot sites to foster sustainable development within the city.

Keywords

• GIS
• AHP
• MCDA
• Parking Lots
• Site Selection

References

1. Alkan, T., & Durduran, S. S. (2021). GIS-supported mapping of suitable parking areas using AHP method: The case of Konya. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 46, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-4-W5-2021-51-2021
2. Fahim, A., Hasan, M., & Chowdhury, M. A. (2021). Smart parking systems: comprehensive review based on various aspects. Heliyon, 7(5), e07050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07050
3. Farzanmanesh, R., Naeeni, A. G., & Abdullah, A. M. (2010). Parking site selection management using fuzzy logic and multi criteria decision making. Environment Asia, 3(3), 109-116.
4. Ozturk, D., & Kılıç-Gul, F. (2020). GIS-based multi-criteria decision analysis for parking site selection. Kuwait Journal of Science, 47(3), 2-14
5. Jelokhani-Niaraki, M., & Malczewski, J. (2015). A group multicriteria spatial decision support system for parking site selection problem: A case study. Land Use Policy, 42, 492-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.09.003
6. Aliniai, K., Yarahmadi, A., Zarin, J. Z., Yarahmadi, H., & Lak, S. B. (2015). Parking lot site selection: An opening gate towards sustainable GIS-based urban traffic management. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 43, 801-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-014-0415-3
7. Kazazi Darani, S., Akbari Eslami, A., Jabbari, M., & Asefi, H. (2018). Parking lot site selection using a fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS framework in Tuyserkan, Iran. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 144(3), 04018022. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000456
8. Hensher, D. A., & King, J. (2001). Parking demand and responsiveness to supply, pricing and location in the Sydney central business district. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(3), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00054-3

9. Demir, S., Basaraner, M., & Gumus, A. T. (2021). Selection of suitable parking lot sites in megacities: A case study for four districts of Istanbul. Land use policy, 111, 105731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105731
10. Neisani Samani, Z., Karimi, M., & Alesheikh, A. A. (2018). A novel approach to site selection: collaborative multi-criteria decision making through geo-social network (case study: public parking). ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(3), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7030082
11. Awan, F. M., Saleem, Y., Minerva, R., & Crespi, N. (2020). A comparative analysis of machine/deep learning models for parking space availability prediction. Sensors, 20(1), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010322
12. Feng, Y., Xu, Y., Hu, Q., Krishnamoorthy, S., & Tang, Z. (2022). Predicting vacant parking space availability zone-wisely: A hybrid deep learning approach. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 8(5), 4145-4161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00700-1
13. Benenson, I., Martens, K., & Birfir, S. (2008). PARKAGENT: An agent-based model of parking in the city. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 32(6), 431-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.09.011
14. Tian, D., Wang, Y., Lu, G., Yu, G., Duan, X., & Liu, H. (2011). A parking space finding method based on VANETs. In ICCTP 2011: Towards Sustainable Transportation Systems, 1511-1520. https://doi.org/10.1061/41186(421)150
15. Hosseini Lagha, G., Mokhtary Malek Abadi, R., & Gandomkar, A. (2012). Geographical analysis of parking land use in Genaveh applying AHP Model. Journal of Urban-Regional Studies and Research, 4(13), 95-114.
16. Shoup, D. C. (2006). Cruising for parking. Transport policy, 13(6), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.05.005
17. Shoup, D. (2018). Free parking or free markets. In Parking and the City, 270-275. Routledge.
18. Giuffrè, T., Siniscalchi, S. M., & Tesoriere, G. (2012). A novel architecture of parking management for smart cities. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 53, 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.856
19. Caicedo, F. (2010). Real-time parking information management to reduce search time, vehicle displacement and emissions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 15(4), 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2010.02.008
20. Gülhan, G., & Ceylan, H. (2010). Otopark sorununa otopark yönetimi temelinde yaklaşımlar: İzmir Örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 12(1), 63-73.
21. Koster, A., Oliveira, A., Volpato, O., Delvequio, V., & Koch, F. (2014). Recognition and recommendation of parking places. In Ibero-American Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 675-685. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12027-0_54
22. Litman, T. (2016). Parking management: strategies, evaluation and planning (p. 2). Victoria, BC, Canada: Victoria Transport Policy Institute
23. Prasertsri, N., & Sangpradid, S. (2020). Parking site selection for light rail stations in Muaeng District, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Symmetry, 12(6), 1055. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12061055
24. Schaffer, F. (1970). The new town story. London, UK: Macgibbon and Kee
25. Lotfi, S., & Koohsari, M. J. (2009). Analyzing accessibility dimension of urban quality of life: Where urban designers face duality between subjective and objective reading of place. Social Indicators Research, 94, 417-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-009-9438-5
26. Kaiser, I., Godschalk, D. & Chapin, F.S. (1995). Urban land use planning, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 61-83
27. Obot, J. U., Etim, E. E., & Atser, J. (2009). Intra-urban traffic and parking demand in Uyo Urban Area. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 8(2), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v8i2.51583
28. LaGro Jr, J. A. (2013). Site analysis: Informing context-sensitive and sustainable site planning and design. John Wiley & Sons.
29. Ghaziaskari, N. A. (2005). Parking lot site selection using GIS. [Master’s thesis, Shahid Beheshti University].
30. Eldrandaly, K. (2013). Developing a GIS-based MCE site selection tool in ArcGIS using COM technology. The International Arab Journal of Information Technology., 10(3), 268-274
31. Rikalovic, A., Cosic, I., & Lazarevic, D. (2014). GIS based multi-criteria analysis for industrial site selection. Procedia Engineering, 69, 1054-1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.03.090
32. Atalay, A., & İçen, Y. (2020). Kentiçi otopark analizi: Elazığ İli Örneği. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 32(2), 403-413. https://doi.org/10.35234/fumbd.647091
33. Öztürk, S., & Işınkaralar, Ö., (2019). Parking problematique in Kastamonu City Center: A critical evaluation. The Journal of International Social Research, 12(67), 506-511
34. Żak, J., & Węgliński, S. (2014). The selection of the logistics center location based on MCDM/A methodology. Transportation Research Procedia, 3, 555-564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2014.10.034
35. Guo, S., & Zhao, H. (2015). Optimal site selection of electric vehicle charging station by using fuzzy TOPSIS based on sustainability perspective. Applied Energy, 158, 390-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.082
36. Wehmeyer, M. L., Shogren, K. A., Little, T. D., & Lopez, S. J. (2017). Development of self-determination through the life-course. Springer.
37. Butt, A., Ahmad, S. S., Shabbir, R., & Erum, S. (2017). GIS based surveillance of road traffic accidents (RTA) risk for Rawalpindi city: A geo-statistical approach. Kuwait Journal of Science, 44(4), 129-134
38. Sun, C., Wade, M. T., Lee, Y., Orcutt, J. S., Alloatti, L., Georgas, M. S., ... & Stojanović, V. M. (2015). Single-chip microprocessor that communicates directly using light. Nature, 528(7583), 534-538. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16454
39. Jonuzi, E., Durduran, S. S., & Alkan, T. (2022). North Macedonian Cadastre Towards Cadastre 2034. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 26-44.
40. Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA
41. Sharifi, M. A., & Retsios, V. (2004). Site selection for waste disposal through spatial multiple criteria decision analysis. Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 28-38.
42. Turskis, Z., Zavadskas, E. K., Antucheviciene, J., & Kosareva, N. (2015). A hybrid model based on fuzzy AHP and fuzzy WASPAS for construction site selection. International Journal of Computers communications & control, 10(6), 113-128.
43. Ho, W. (2008). Integrated analytic hierarchy process and its applications–A literature review. European Journal of Operational Research, 186(1), 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.01.004
44. Wang, J. J., Jing, Y. Y., Zhang, C. F., & Zhao, J. H. (2009). Review on multi-criteria decision analysis aid in sustainable energy decision-making. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(9), 2263-2278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.06.021
45. Urfali, T., & Eymen, A. (2021). CBS ve AHP yöntemi yardımıyla Kayseri İli örneğinde rüzgâr enerji santrallerinin yer seçimi. Geomatik, 6(3), 227-237. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.772453
46. Yalçın, C., & Yüce, M. (2019). Burdur’da güneş enerjisi santrali (GES) yatırımına uygun alanların CBS yöntemiyle tespiti. Geomatik, 5(1), 36-46. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.561962
47. Beyhan, H. C., Eren, G., & Aktuğ, B. (2020). Perakende market lokasyonları için CBS tabanlı çok kriterli AHP yöntemi ile optimal yer seçimi analizi: İstanbul Örneği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(6), 1032-1050. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.803391
48. Şentürk, E., & Erener, A. (2017). Determination of temporary shelter areas in natural disasters by GIS: A case study, Gölcük/Turkey. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 2(3), 84-90. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.317314
49. Sarı, F., & Koyuncu, F. (2021). Multi criteria decision analysis to determine the suitability of agricultural crops for land consolidation areas. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 6(2), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.683754
50. Alkan, T., & Durduran, S. S. (2020). Konut seçimi sürecinin AHP temelli TOPSIS yöntemi ile analizi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 12-21.
51. Iqbal, A. S. (2020). A GIS-based parking demand analysis and site selection for parking area: Pendik-Istanbul case. [Master’s thesis, Gebze Technical University]
52. Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590