Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco

Mahjoub Benbih; Abderrahmane Ouammou; Hassan Nait-si; M'hamed Nmiss

doi:10.26833/ijeg.1654554

Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco

Abstract

Oases are complex, dynamic, and inherently fragile ecosystems. Understanding their functionality is vital for their sustainable management. This study presents findings on the spatiotemporal evolution of dune units in the Middle Draa oasis, located in southeastern Morocco. The analysis is based on the use of the Normalized Difference Enhanced Sand Index (NDESI) derived from Landsat satellite imagery (5 TM and 8 OLI). Landsat 5 TM images from 1988 and 2011, as well as Landsat 8 OLI images from 2023, were selected. Validation of the results was carried out using Corona archive images (1980), high-resolution Google Earth Pro images, and field observations. The study highlights the relevance of combining Landsat data with the NDESI index to monitor, analyze, and assess dune dynamics in arid environments. The results indicate an intensification of sand encroachment in the Middle Draa, with potential implications for ecosystems and socio-economic activities. This intensification is reflected in the concentration of 95% of dunes in the downstream part, particularly in M’hamid El Ghizlane, and a significant extension of dunes between 1988 and 2023, with an evolution rate of approximately 21 km² per year. This study provides a solid database for planning protection and environmental restoration measures, as well as for the sustainable management of sand systems in similar environments.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Geospatial Information Systems and Geospatial Data Modelling, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in Planning

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mahjoub Benbih ^*
0009-0008-5759-8097
Morocco

Abderrahmane Ouammou
0009-0000-3579-1947
Morocco

Hassan Nait-si
0000-0003-3299-5447
Morocco

M'hamed Nmiss
0009-0001-4107-3690
Morocco

Early Pub Date

August 25, 2025

Publication Date

October 1, 2025

Submission Date

March 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 28, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 11 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1654554

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73LE74DN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Benbih, M., Ouammou, A., Nait-si, H., & Nmiss, M. (2025). Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 11(1), 106-119. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1654554

AMA

1.Benbih M, Ouammou A, Nait-si H, Nmiss M. Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco. IJEG. 2025;11(1):106-119. doi:10.26833/ijeg.1654554

Chicago

Benbih, Mahjoub, Abderrahmane Ouammou, Hassan Nait-si, and M’hamed Nmiss. 2025. “Remote Sensing-Based Monitoring of Dune Mobility Using the Enhanced Normalized Difference Sand Index in the Middle Draa, Morocco”. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences 11 (1): 106-19. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1654554.

EndNote

Benbih M, Ouammou A, Nait-si H, Nmiss M (October 1, 2025) Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences 11 1 106–119.

IEEE

[1]M. Benbih, A. Ouammou, H. Nait-si, and M. Nmiss, “Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco”, IJEG, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 106–119, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.26833/ijeg.1654554.

ISNAD

Benbih, Mahjoub - Ouammou, Abderrahmane - Nait-si, Hassan - Nmiss, M’hamed. “Remote Sensing-Based Monitoring of Dune Mobility Using the Enhanced Normalized Difference Sand Index in the Middle Draa, Morocco”. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences 11/1 (October 1, 2025): 106-119. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.1654554.

JAMA

1.Benbih M, Ouammou A, Nait-si H, Nmiss M. Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco. IJEG. 2025;11:106–119.

MLA

Benbih, Mahjoub, et al. “Remote Sensing-Based Monitoring of Dune Mobility Using the Enhanced Normalized Difference Sand Index in the Middle Draa, Morocco”. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, vol. 11, no. 1, Oct. 2025, pp. 106-19, doi:10.26833/ijeg.1654554.

Vancouver

1.Mahjoub Benbih, Abderrahmane Ouammou, Hassan Nait-si, M’hamed Nmiss. Remote sensing-based monitoring of dune mobility using the enhanced normalized difference sand index in the Middle Draa, Morocco. IJEG. 2025 Oct. 1;11(1):106-19. doi:10.26833/ijeg.1654554

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Yerel Yönetim Odaklı Kentsel Dönüşümde Mekânsal ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Dinamikler

Geomatik

https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.1919053