Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing

Hakkı Kocaman; Mehmet Ülger

doi:10.26650/ijegeo.1750046

Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing

Abstract

This study develops a conceptual BIM-GIS integration framework for managing rural resettlement projects and partially tests the framework through the Köpürlü Village resettlement case in Türkiye. Unlike prior studies that mainly address isolated tasks such as data conversion, utility management, or digital-twin visualization, the proposed framework links site selection, planning, infrastructure design, housing production, beneficiary records, entitlement tracking, debt calculation, and post-settlement monitoring within a single information flow. The method is structured around three interoperable layers: (i) a BIM environment for building and quantity information, (ii) a GIS environment for parcels, planning decisions, and spatial analyses, and (iii) an entitlement database that connects beneficiary and cost records through a unique Entitlement_ID. The partial test draws on the administrative records of 169 entitled households and operationalizes 24 representative validation scenarios constructed from the documented entitlement categories, dwelling preferences, and land-allocation conditions observed in the Köpürlü Village dataset. The study does not claim a fully operational digital twin or a completed field implementation; instead, it provides a structured and transferable design logic and a pilot data model for later deployment. The main contribution is the formulation of a domain-specific lifecycle information-management framework for rural resettlement.

Keywords

References

Akindele, O., Ajayi, S., Oyegoke, A., Alaka, H., & Omotayo, T. (2023). Application of geographic information system (GIS) in construction: A systematic review. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-01-2023-0016
Azari, P., Li, S., & Shaker, A. (2025). An effective approach to geometric and semantic BIM/GIS data integration for urban digital twin. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 14(12), 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120478
Cho, J., Kim, C., Lim, K., Kim, J., Ji, B., & Yeon, J. (2023). Web-based agricultural infrastructure digital twin system integrated with GIS and BIM concepts. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 208, 108441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2023.108441
Demir, A. Y., & İlal, M. (2021). Loose coupling of GIS and BIM data models for automated compliance checking against zoning codes. Automation in Construction, 128, 103743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103743
Demir, A. Y., & İlal, M. (2022). Integrating building and context information for automated zoning code checking: A review. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 27, 548–570. https://doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2022.027
El Mekawy, M. S. A., Asif, M. U., & Khan, Z. A. (2025). BIM-GIS integration is closer than ever: A unified road model for IFC and CityGML interoperability. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 14(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEPR.394240
Güler, D., & Yomralıoğlu, T. (2021). Digitization of processes from building permitting to condominium registration: Current situation analysis and proposal (in Turkish). Journal of Geomatics, 6(2), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.29128/geomatik.705559
Han, C., Tang, F., Ma, T., Gu, L., & Tong, Z. (2022). Construction quality evaluation of asphalt pavement based on BIM and GIS. Automation in Construction, 141, 104398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104398

Herlé, S., & Blankenbach, J. (2024). Hypermedia-driven RESTful API for digital twins of the built environment. Automation in Construction, 165, 105551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2024.105551
Huang, T., Kou, S., Liu, D., Li, D., & Xing, F. (2022). A BIM-GIS-IoT-based system for excavated soil recycling. Buildings, 12(4), 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040457
Huang, Y., Peng, H., Wen, L., & Xing, T. (2023). Using digital technologies to plan and manage the pipelines network in city. IET Smart Cities, 5, 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12054
Janisio-Pawłowska, D., & Pawłowski, W. (2024). Implementation of BIM data in CityGML-Research and perspectives for creating a QGIS plugin for spatial analysis: Experience from Poland. Sustainability, 16(2), 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020642
Khan, M., Park, J., & Seo, J. (2021). Geotechnical property modeling and construction safety zoning based on GIS and BIM integration. Applied Sciences, 11(9), 4004. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094004
Khan, M., Kim, I., & Seo, J. (2023). A boundary and voxel-based 3D geological data management system leveraging BIM and GIS. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 123, 103277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2023.103277
Liu, X., Antwi-Afari, M. F., Li, J., Zhang, Y., & Manu, P. (2025). BIM, IoT, and GIS integration in construction resource monitoring. Automation in Construction, 174, 106149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106149
Marzouk, M., & Othman, A. (2020). Planning utility infrastructure requirements for smart cities using the integration between BIM and GIS. Sustainable Cities and Society, 53, 102120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102120
Pavard, A., Dony, A., & Bordin, P. (2023). Road modelling for infrastructure management – The efficient use of geographic information systems. Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 28, 438–457. https://doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2023.022
Qian, Y., & Leng, J. (2021). CIM-based modeling and simulating technology roadmap for maintaining and managing Chinese rural traditional residential dwellings. Journal of Building Engineering, 44, 103248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103248
Shkundalov, D., & Vilutiene, T. (2021). Bibliometric analysis of building information modeling, geographic information systems and Web environment integration. Automation in Construction, 128, 103757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103757
Tripathi, I., Froese, T., & Mallory-Hill, S. (2023). Applicability of BIM-IoT-GIS integrated digital twins for post occupancy evaluations. Frontiers in Built Environment, 9, 1103743. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2023.1103743
Vacca, G., & Quaquero, E. (2019). BIM-3D GIS: An integrated system for the knowledge process of the buildings. Journal of Spatial Science, 65(2), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2019.1601600
Wang, H., Pan, Y., & Luo, X. (2019). Integration of BIM and GIS in sustainable built environment: A review and bibliometric analysis. Automation in Construction, 103, 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.03.005
Wang, M., Deng, Y., Won, J., & Cheng, J. (2019). An integrated underground utility management and decision support based on BIM and GIS. Automation in Construction, 107, 102931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102931
Zhang, S., Hou, D., Wang, C., Pan, F., & Yan, L. (2020). Integrating and managing BIM in 3D web-based GIS for hydraulic and hydropower engineering projects. Automation in Construction, 112, 103114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2020.103114
Zhao, L., Liu, Z., & Mbachu, J. (2019a). An integrated BIM–GIS method for planning of water distribution system. International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(8), 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8080331
Zhao, L., Liu, Z., & Mbachu, J. (2019b). Highway alignment optimization: An integrated BIM and GIS approach. International Journal of Geo-Information, 8(4), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040172
Zhu, J., Wang, X., Wang, P., Wu, Z., & Kim, M. (2019a). Integration of BIM and GIS: Geometry from IFC to shapefile using open-source technology. Automation in Construction, 102, 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.02.014
Zhu, J., Wang, X., Chen, M., Wu, P., & Kim, M. (2019b). Integration of BIM and GIS: IFC geometry transformation to shapefile using enhanced open-source approach. Automation in Construction, 106, 102859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102859
Zhu, J., & Wu, P. (2022). BIM/GIS data integration from the perspective of information flow. Automation in Construction, 136, 104166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2022.104166

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hakkı Kocaman
0009-0005-8957-870X
Türkiye

Mehmet Ülger ^*
0000-0001-9804-7269
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 19, 2026

Submission Date

July 24, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 13 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1750046

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95PE58PU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kocaman, H., & Ülger, M. (2026). Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 13(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1750046

AMA

1.Kocaman H, Ülger M. Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing. IJEGEO. 2026;13(2):87-98. doi:10.26650/ijegeo.1750046

Chicago

Kocaman, Hakkı, and Mehmet Ülger. 2026. “Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework With Partial Testing”. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 13 (2): 87-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1750046.

EndNote

Kocaman H, Ülger M (June 1, 2026) Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 13 2 87–98.

IEEE

[1]H. Kocaman and M. Ülger, “Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing”, IJEGEO, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 87–98, June 2026, doi: 10.26650/ijegeo.1750046.

ISNAD

Kocaman, Hakkı - Ülger, Mehmet. “Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework With Partial Testing”. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 13/2 (June 1, 2026): 87-98. https://doi.org/10.26650/ijegeo.1750046.

JAMA

1.Kocaman H, Ülger M. Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing. IJEGEO. 2026;13:87–98.

MLA

Kocaman, Hakkı, and Mehmet Ülger. “Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework With Partial Testing”. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, vol. 13, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 87-98, doi:10.26650/ijegeo.1750046.

Vancouver

1.Hakkı Kocaman, Mehmet Ülger. Integrated Use of BIM and GIS in Rural Resettlement Areas: A Conceptual Framework with Partial Testing. IJEGEO. 2026 Jun. 1;13(2):87-98. doi:10.26650/ijegeo.1750046