Analyzing the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) performance of a container ship

Abstract

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted a new regulation to prevent air pollution from ship emissions which concentrated on reducing green gas emissions from shipping for existing ships, and energy efficiency measures for the new ship. This new regulation imposes a measure which is called Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). This measure aims to reduce CO2 emissions and global environmental pollution by using fewer fossil fuels and less greenhouse gas emissions. EEDI is an implementation for all new ships larger than 400 GT. In this paper, one of the container ships in the Turkish maritime trade fleet was investigated and its emissions were estimated. The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) of the ship was calculated. Some useful proposals have been presented to reduce the harmful effects of CO2 exhaust gas emission.

Keywords

• IMO,Ships,Energy Efficiency,EEDI,SEEMP

References

1. Ancic, I., Šestan, A. (2015). Influence of the required EEDI reduction factor on the CO2 emission from bulk carriers. Energy Policy 84 (2015) 107–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2015.04.031.
2. Attah, E.E., Bucknall, R. (2015). An analysis of the energy efficiency of LNG ships powering options using the EEDI. Ocean Engineering 110 (2015) 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.09.040
3. Bayirhan, I., Mersin, K., Tokuşlu, A., Gazioğlu, C., (2019). Modelling of Ship Originated Exhaust Gas Emissions in the Istanbul Strait. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 6(3): 238-243 https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.641397.
4. Buhaug, Ø., Corbett, J.J., Endersen, Ø., Eyring, V., Faber, J., Hanayama, S., Lee, D.S., Lee, D., Lindstad, H., Mjelde, A., Palsson, C., Wanquing, W., Winebrake, J.J., Yoshida, K. (2009). Updated study on greenhouse gas emissions from ships. Second IMO GHG Study. London, UK: International Maritime Organization.
5. Cofala, J., Amann, M., Heyes, C., Klimont, Z., Posch, M., Scho ̈pp, W., Tarasson, L., Jonson, J., Whall, C., Stavrakaki, A. (2007). Final Report: Analysis of Policy Measures to Reduce Ship Emissions in the Context of the Revision of the National Emissions Ceilings Directive. March 2007. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, p. 74.
6. Cohen, A.J., Anderson, H.R., Ostro, B., Pandey, K.D., Krzyzanowski, M., Ku ̈nzli, N., Gutschmidt, K., Pope, A., Romieu, I., Samet, J.M., Smith, K. (2005). The global burden of disease due to outdoor air pollution. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part. A 68, 1301–1307.
7. Corbett, J.J., Winebrake, J.J., Green, E.H., Kasibhatla, P., Eyring, V., Lauer, A. (2007). Mortality from ship emissions: a global assessment. Environmental Science & Technology 41 (24), 8512–8518. doi: 10.1021/es071686z.
8. Deniz, C., Kilic, A. (2009). Estimation and assessment of shipping emissions in the region of Ambarlı Port, Turkey. Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy 107e115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.10373.

9. EEA (2013). The Impact of International Shipping on European Air Quality and Climate Forcing. EEA, Copenhagen, p. 88.
10. Endresen, Ø., Sørgard, E., Sundet, J. K., Dalsøren, S. B., Isaksen, I. S. A., Berglen, T. F., and Gravir, G. (2003). Emission from international sea transportation and environmental impact, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D17), 4560, doi:10.1029/2002JD002898, 2003.
11. Eyring, V., Isaksen, I., Berntsen, T., Collins, W., Corbett, J., Endresen, O., Grainger, R., Moldanova, J., Schlager, H., Stevenson, D. (2009). Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: Shipping. Atmospheric Environment 44 (2010) 4735–4771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.059.
12. International Maritime Organization (IMO).(2009). Resolution MEPC.1/Circ.681, Interim Guidelines On The Method Of Calculation Of The Energy Efficiency Design Index For New Ships, 2009.
13. International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2011). Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, Detail Treatment of İnnovative Energy Efficiency Technologies for Calculation of the Attained EEDI. Marine Environment Protection Committee Meeting, London,UK.
14. International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2012). Interim guidelines for the calculation of the coefficient fw for decrease in ship speed in a representative sea condition for trial use. MEPC.1/Circ.796.
15. Jack, D. (2011). The impact of the energy efficiency design index on very large crude carrier design and CO2 emissions, Ships and Offshore Structures, 6:4, 355-368, DOI: 10.1080/17445302.2010.546651
16. Longva, T., Eide, M.S., Skjong, R. (2010). Determining a required energy efficiency design index level for new ships based on a cost-effectiveness criterion. Marit. Pol. Mgmt., March 2010, Vol. 37, No. 2, 129–143. DOI: 10.1080/03088830903533759
17. MEPC (2011). Report of the Marine Environment Protection Committee on its Sixty- Second Session, MEPC 62/24, London, UK.
18. MEPC 62/6/4. (2011). Marine Environment Protection Committee, Consideration and Adoption of Amendments to Mandatory Instruments, Calculation of Parameter for determination of EEDI reference values, 2011.
19. MEPC 66/21/Add.1, Annex 5 (2014). Guidelines on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships, 2014.
20. MEPC.203(62). (2011). Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1997 to Amend the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, As Modified by the Protocol of 1978 Relating Thereto.
21. MEPC Resolution 245 (66). (2014). Guideline on the Method of Calculation of the Attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for New Ships, 2014.
22. Tien, A.T. (2015). Calculation and Assessing the EEDI Index in the Field of Ship Energy Efficiency for M/V Jules Garnier. Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development 2016, 6:6. DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000212.
23. The International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT). (2007). Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Ocean-Going Ships: Impacts, Mitigation Options and Opportunities for Managing Growth. Washington, USA: The International Council on Clean Transportation Publications.
24. Tokuslu, A. (2019). Analysis of ship-borne air emissions in the Istanbul Strait and presenting its effects. (PhD thesis). Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
25. UNCTAD (2013). Review of Maritime Transport. ISBN 978-92-1-112872-7.
26. Viana, M., Hammingh, P., Colette, A., Querol, X., Degraeuwe, B., Vlieger, I.D., Aardenne, J.V. (2014). Impact of maritime transport emissions on coastal air quality in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 90 (2014) 96-105, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.03.046.
27. Wang, C., Corbett, J.J., Firestone, J. (2008). Modeling energy use and emissions from north American shipping: application of ship traffic, energy and environment model. Environmental Science & Technology 42 (1), 193–199.
28. Zakaria, N.M.G., Rahman, S. (2016). Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for Inland Vessels in Bangladesh. Procedia Engineering 194 (2017) 362 – 369. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.08.158.