A GIS-Based Study to Investigate Effect of Water Table Changes on DRASTIC Model: A Case Study of Kermanshah, Iran

Yıl 2016, Cilt 3, Sayı 2, 1 - 10, 02.08.2016

Elham GOUMEHEİ Yousef GERAVANDİ Wanglin YAN

https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.304476

Cited By: 1

Öz

Groundwater is considered as an important source of water supply in our world. Its contamination is of particular concern as it is a vital source of water for irrigation, drinking and industrial activities. To control and manage groundwater contamination DRASTIC model is a popular approach. This study applied an integrated DRASTIC model using Geographic Information Science (GIS) tool to evaluate groundwater vulnerability of Kermanshah plain, Iran considering water table fluctuation. High fluctuation of water table depth due to wet and dry season in arid and semi-arid areas is notable. The study area is affected by this problem, thus this research investigated the effect of minimum depth water during one year respect to average water depth which is common for this model. Results represent considerable differences for two types of produced maps; map using mean of water table for 5 year and map of minimum water table of one year. Vulnerability maps of mean data classified 40% of the study area as no risk of pollution while this is around 25% for vulnerability maps of minimum depth. In spite, minimum depth vulnerability maps classified around 12% of the study area as moderate risk which is 6% greater than mean depth vulnerability maps. In case of accuracy, results show more correlation between Nitrate data (NO3 −) and vulnerability maps of minimum water table.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Groundwater, GIS, Water Depth, DRASTIC model, Vulnerability

Kaynakça

• Al-Adamat, R. A. N., et al. (2003). Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping for the Basaltic aquifer of the Azraq basin of Jordan using GIS, Remote sensing and DRASTIC. Journal of Applied Geography, 23(4): 303-324.
• Al-Rawabdeh, A. A.-A., N. Al-Taani, A. and Knutsson, S. (2013). A GIS-Based Drastic Model for Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability in Amman-Zerqa Groundwater Basin, Jordan. Journal of Engineering 5(5): 490-504.
• Aller, L., et al. (1987).Aller, L., et al. (1987). Drastic A Standardized System for Evaluating Groundwater Pollution Potential Using Hydrogeologic Settings. US EPA.
• Baalousha, H. (2006). Vulnerability assessment for the Gaza Strip, Palestine using DRASTIC. Journal of Environmental Geology 50(3): 405-414.
• Babiker, I. S., et al. (2005). A GIS-based DRASTIC model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Kakamigahara Heights, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. Science of the Total Environment. 345(1–3): 127-140.
• Chitsazan, M. and Y. Akhtari (2009). A GIS-based DRASTIC Model for Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability in Kherran Plain, Khuzestan, Iran. Journal of Water Resources Management 23(6): 1137-1155.
• Denny, S. C., et al. (2007). DRASTIC-Fm: a modified vulnerability mapping method for structurally controlled aquifers in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada. Hydrogeology Journal 15(3): 483-493.
• Fabbri, A. N., P. (1995). The use of database management and geographical information systems for aquifer vulnerability analysis. Contribution to the International Scientific Conference on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the founding of the Ysoka Skola Banska. Ostrava, Czech Republic.
• Fritch, T. G., et al. (2000). An Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment of the Paluxy Aquifer, Central Texas, USA, Using GIS and a Modified DRASTIC Approach. Journal of Environmental Management 25(3): 337-345.
• H. Elfarrak, M. H. a. A. F. (2014). Development of Vulnerability through the DRASTIC Method and Geographic Information System (GIS) (Case Groundwater of Berrchid), Morocco. Journal of Geographic Information System 6: 45-58.
• Jasem, A. a. A., M. (2010). Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability in Azraq Basin Area by a Modified DRASTIC Index. Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2(11): 944-951.
• Jha, M., et al. (2007). Groundwater management and development by integrated remote sensing and geographic information systems: prospects and constraints. Journal of Water Resources Management 21(2): 427-467.
• Kalinski, R. J., et al. (1994). Correlation Between DRASTIC Vulnerabilities and Incidents of VOC Contamination of Municipal Wells in Nebraska. Journal of Ground Water 32(1): 31-34.
• Merchant, J. W. (1994). GIS-Based Groundwater Pollution Hazard Assessment: A Critical Review of the DRASTIC Model. Journal of Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 60(9): 1117–1127.
• Panagopoulos, G. P., et al. (2006). Optimization of the DRASTIC method for groundwater vulnerability assessment via the use of simple statistical methods and GIS. Hydrogeology Journal 14(6): 894-911.
• Piscopo, G. (2001). "Groundwater vulnerability map, explanatory notes -Castlereagh catchment. Parramatta NSW: Australia NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation.
• Rahman, A. (2008). A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh, India. Journal of Applied Geography 28(1): 32-53.
• Saro, L. (2003). Evaluation of waste disposal site using the DRASTIC system in Southern Korea. Journal of Environmental Geology 44(6): 654-664.
• Vrba, J., et al. (1994). Guidebook on mapping groundwater vulnerability. Hannover, H. Heise.
• Yin, L., et al. (2013). A GIS-based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in the Ordos Plateau, China. Journal of Environmental Earth Sciences 69(1): 171-185.
• Wang, J., et al. (2012). Assessment of groundwater contamination risk using hazard quantification, a modified DRASTIC model and groundwater value, Beijing Plain, China. Journal of Science of the Total Environment 432(0): 216-226.