30 EKİM 2020 İZMİR DEPREMİ SIRASINDA KARMA YAPILARDA DETAYLI BİR GÖZLEM VE SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI

Abstract

30 Ekim 2020 İzmir Depremi (Mw = 6,9), özellikle Türkiye'nin İzmir ili Karaburun bölgesindeki yığma yapıları etkileyerek önemli yapısal hasara ve can kaybına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışma, deprem sonrasında yığma yapılarda gözlemlenen hasar desenleri, hasar mekanizmaları ve yapısal eksikliklerin ayrıntılı bir saha araştırmasını sunmaktadır. Bulgular, ciddi hasar ve çökmelere katkıda bulunan önemli bir faktörün, özellikle geleneksel inşaat tekniklerinin geçerli olduğu kırsal alanlarda, modern deprem kodlarına ve mühendislik standartlarına uyulmaması olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Hasar seviyelerinin sistematik bir sınıflandırması yapılmış ve yığma binaların yapısal kırılganlıkları malzeme özellikleri, işçilik kalitesi ve inşaat yöntemleri açısından analiz edilmiştir. Kötü harç kalitesinin, duvarlar arasındaki yetersiz bağlantının, ağır toprak çatıların ve yanal donatı eksikliğinin bu yapıların sismik kırılganlığını önemli ölçüde artırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, depremin COVID-19 salgını sırasında meydana gelmesi, acil müdahale ve afet sonrası iyileştirme zorluklarını daha da artırmıştır. Çalışma, kırsal ve kentsel duvarcılık yapılarında sismik risk azaltma stratejilerine acil ihtiyaç olduğunun altını çizerek deprem dayanıklılığını artırmak için güçlendirme, uygun malzeme seçimi ve iyileştirilmiş mühendislik uygulamalarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu depremden alınan dersler, sismik olarak aktif bölgelerdeki tarihi ve yerel duvarcılık yapıları için gelecekteki sismik tehlike hazırlığı ve politika iyileştirmeleri için değerli içgörüler sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Yığma Yapılar
• Deprem Hasarı
• Sismik Güvenlik
• Yapısal Hatalar
• İzmir Depremi
• COVID-19

SEISMIC PERFORMANCE AND FAILURE MECHANISMS OF MASONRY BUILDINGS DURING THE OCTOBER 30, 2020 İZMIR EARTHQUAKE

Abstract

The October 30, 2020, İzmir Earthquake (Mw = 6.9) caused significant structural damage and human casualties, particularly affecting masonry buildings in the Karaburun region of İzmir, Turkey. This study presents a detailed field investigation of the failure patterns, damage mechanisms, and structural deficiencies observed in masonry structures following the earthquake. The findings highlight that a major contributing factor to the severe damage and collapses was the lack of adherence to modern seismic codes and engineering standards, particularly in rural areas where traditional construction techniques prevail. A systematic classification of damage levels was conducted, and the structural vulnerabilities of masonry buildings were analyzed in terms of material properties, workmanship quality, and construction methods. It was observed that poor mortar quality, inadequate connection between walls, heavy earthen roofs, and lack of lateral reinforcement significantly increased the seismic vulnerability of these structures. Furthermore, the earthquake occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, compounding the challenges in emergency response and post-disaster recovery. The study underscores the urgent need for seismic risk mitigation strategies in rural and urban masonry structures, emphasizing the importance of retrofitting, proper material selection, and improved engineering practices to enhance earthquake resilience. Lessons from this earthquake provide valuable insights for future seismic hazard preparedness and policy improvements for historical and vernacular masonry structures in seismically active regions.

Keywords

• Masonry Buildings
• Earthquake Damage
• Seismic Vulnerability
• Structural Failures
• İzmir Earthquake
• COVID-19

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