Projection of Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rates and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Solid Waste Management in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Abstract
Planning is an essential part of solid waste management (SWM), a city’s ability to predict the quantities of solid waste is crucial to its medium and long-term solid waste management plans. In this research, a projection of the quantities of Yola’s solid waste for a period of 16 years was made. A corresponding projection of the quantities of greenhouse gases that will be emitted into the atmosphere within that period envisaging three different SWM scenarios was also made using İller Bankası method. The first scenario being the existing practice of open dumping. The second open burning, the third - incineration with electricity recovery. Institute for Global Environmental Strategies simulation tool for greenhouse gas emissions from solid waste management was used for the analysis of the greenhouse gases emissions. It was found that by the end of the 16 years being forecasted, 963,276 tonnes of solid wastes would have been dumped at the dumpsite in the city. The study also found that if this waste accumulated over this 16-year period are to be managed based on the three scenarios envisaged, 337,822tCO2eq, 444,825tCO2eq and 250,461tCO2eq would have been emitted into the atmosphere respectively. The study recommended that reduction in the per capita waste generation of the city should be encouraged. In addition, incineration with energy recovery should be adopted since it is the most environmentally friendly method for managing the huge quantities of solid waste disposed of in the city’s dumpsites.
Keywords
Carbon footprint, Greenhouse gases, municipal solid waste, solid waste management, simulation, waste to energy
References
- [1] M. Mazzanti and R. Zoboli, ‘Waste generation, waste disposal and policy effectiveness: evidence on decoupling from the European Union’, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 1221–1234, 2008.
- [2] UNEP, ‘Global Waste Management Outlook’, New York, 2015. doi: 10.1177/0734242X15616055.
- [3] R. B. Msheli̇a, I. S. Di̇so, and A. A. Adamu, ‘The Role of Solid Waste Composting in Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in States of North Eastern Nigeria’, International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling, vol. 3, no. 4, Art. no. 4, Dec. 2020.
- [4] R. B. Mshelia, I. S. Diso, and A. A. Adamu, ‘The role of solid waste composting in mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in states of north eastern Nigeria’, International Journal of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Modelling, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 147–154, 2017.
- [5] C. Maria, J. Góis, and A. Leitão, ‘Challenges and perspectives of greenhouse gases emissions from municipal solid waste management in Angola’, Energy Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 22–25, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.08.074.
- [6] Mshelia, Richard Balthi, ‘Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from solid waste management practices in state capitals of north eastern Nigeria’, Journal of Engineering Studies and Research, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 40–46, 2020.
- [7] A. H. Abba, U. M. Babagana, A. A. Atiku, and B. R. Burmamu, ‘Evaluation of Energy Potentials from Municipal Solid Waste : A Case Study’, FUTY Journal of the Environment, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 36–45, 2019.
- [8] Mshelia, R.B and Babarinde, F, ‘Integrated solid waste management: key to reduction of solid waste management carbon footprint in emerging economies, a look at Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria’, Global Scientific Journals, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 918–932, 2020.
- [9] UNDP-Nigeria, ‘North-East Nigeria Waste and Debris Assessment’, Abuja, 2016.
- [10] M. Singh and G. Leena, ‘Forecasting of waste-to-energy system : A case study of Faridabad , India’, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 0, no. 00, pp. 1–10, 2019, doi: 10.1080/15567036.2019.1587078.