An Investigation on The Reduction and Management of Medical Solid Wastes

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 31.03.2020

Sukru Dursun

Öz

During the activities of hospitals, medical waste is generated as a natural result of the process. Although medical wastes are produced as a result of activities to improve health quality, they have a high risk of health problems if they are not managed appropriately. More and more importance are given to medical waste management in terms of health risks in the world and in our country and academic studies are carried out in terms of the most appropriate disposal methods. Disposal methods in addition to the superiority of appropriate methods in eliminating health risks, disposal costs also require multidisciplinary management in order to impose financial burden on health institutions. University hospitals need management because of the environmental impacts they generate due to high rates of waste generation. The most important environmental risks arising from health institutions are medical and hazardous waste management problems. Wastes from university hospitals are grouped in terms of their nature and capability. Domestic wastes, packaging wastes, medical wastes, hazardous wastes, radioactive wastes, wastewater containing high concentrations of tissue and body fluids are produced from health institutions. Wastes from university hospitals are subject to waste management applied in other health institutions in that they are the same in character as wastes from health institutions. It is better to supervise and implement the management of wastes from university hospitals. Because large amounts of waste are produced, the results are more traceable and more appropriate in terms of results. In this study, besides the reduction of hospital-generated wastes, the studies carried out for the evaluation and the studies that can be done were evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Medical waste, solid waste, recovery, waste management, university hospital

Kaynakça

• [1] WHO, 2013a, Healthcare Waste Management, http://www.healthcarewaste.org/countrylevel/ technologies/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11/08/2013).
• [2] Li, C.-S. & Jenq, F.-T., 1993, Physical and chemical composition of hospital waste, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 14 (03), 145-150.
• [3] WHO, 1999, Safe Management of Wastes from Healtcare Activities, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü,Ceneve. pp:308.
• [4] TAKY, 2005, Tıbbi Atıkların Kontrolü Yönetmeliği, RG Tarih, 22 (05)2006.
• [5] Patil, A. & Shekdar, A., 2001, Health-care waste management in India, Journal of Environmental Management, 63 (2), 211-220.
• [6] Kuhling, J. G., 2002, Hastane atıkları, Dünya katı atık çevre kongresi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 275-282.
• [7] Nessa, K., Quaiyum, M. A. ve Khuda, B., 2001, Waste Manegement İn Healthcare Facilities: A Review No. 144, Centre For Health And Population Research, Bangladeş.
• [8] Eskitürk, A., 2015, Hastane Atıklarının Yönetiminde Atık Minimizasyonu, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• [9] WHO, 1998, The World Health Report 1998: Life in the 21st century a vision for all, In: The world health report 1998: life in the 21st century A vision for all, World Health Organization, p. 104.
• [10] WHO, 2013b, Safe Management Of Waste From Health-Care Activities, (Ed.) Y. Chartier et al., 2nd Edition, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• [11] Lagrange, M. D., Buckingham, P. L. & Evans, C. J., 1994, Hazardous Waste Management, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, Printed in Singapore.
• [12] Frank, I., 1990, “Infectious Waste Management”, Techonomic Publication, Pennsilvania, 148. Greenhealth, 2008, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/.
• [13] R&R, 2000, R&R Bilimsel ve Teknik Hizmetler Ltd. Şti. Raporu, 22 - 43.
• [14] WPA, 2002, Medical Waste Treatment Technologies Alternatives to İncineration, Waste Prevention Association, ABD.
• [15] Tunçsiper, B., 1997, Sivas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Katı Atıklarının İncelenmesi ve Uygun Bertaraf Yönteminin Belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi F.B.E., Sivas., 10 - 16.
• [16] Emmanuel, J. & Stringer, R., 2007, For Proper Disposal: A global inventory of alternative medical waste treatment technologies, Publ: Health Care Without Harm, 52pp. http://www. noharm. org/lib/downloads/waste/For_Proper_Disposal. pdf.
• [17] EPA, 1986, Guide for infectious Waste Management, EPA/530-SW-86-014.
• [18] EPA, 1990, Operation and maintenance of hospital medical-waste incinerators. Final report, Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC (USA).
• [19] Evirgen, H., 2007, Çumra Devlet Hastanesi Katı Atıklarının Potansiyeli, Bertarafı ve Değerlendirme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üni., Konya.
• [20] Liberti, L., Tursi, A., Costantino, N., Ferrara, L. & Nuzzo, G., 1994, Optimization of Infectious Hospital Waste Management in Italy: Part I—Wastes Production and Characterization Study, Waste management & research, 12 (5), 373-385.
• [21] TÜİK, 2010, Sağlık Kuruluşları Atık İstatistikleri, 2010, Haber Bülteni.
• [22] Chen Jiang, Zhiyuan Ren,Yajing Tian, Kaixiang Wang, 2012, Application of best available technologies on medical wastes disposal/treatment in China (with case study). Procedia Environmental Sciences 16 ( 2012 ) 257 – 265.
• [23] Shilpa Kalra, Tulika Tripathi , Priyank Rai,, 2015, Infection Control in Orthodontics, http://journals.imedpub.com/ Journal of Orthodontics and Endodontics, Vol. 1 No. 1:1-12.