Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications

Shahriyar Karimdoust; Dr. Adil Özdemir; Ekrem Kalkan

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications

Abstract

This critical review develops a multiscale framework for nanoscience and nanotechnology in geosciences, linking atomic- and nanoscale processes to observable behavior in rocks, soils, sediments, aquifers, reservoirs, ore systems, and engineered subsurface environments. The central argument is that nanoscale phenomena are not peripheral to geology: surface energy, interfacial charge, non-classical nucleation, colloid transport, redox reactions, adsorption, dissolution-precipitation, and nanoconfined fluids can govern macroscopic transport, mechanical response, resource recovery, and environmental risk. The review distinguishes natural, incidental, and engineered nanomaterials; evaluates modern characterization strategies; and synthesizes applications in clay science, environmental geochemistry, hydrogeology, mineral exploration, petroleum systems, geotechnical engineering, atmospheric and soil processes, geothermal systems, carbon storage, and emerging subsurface energy technologies. Particular attention is given to the gap between laboratory reactivity and field-scale performance, where aggregation, pore-throat filtering, mineralogical heterogeneity, salinity, natural organic matter, pressure-temperature conditions, and residence time can reverse conclusions drawn from simplified experiments. A risk-aware perspective is adopted for engineered nanomaterials, emphasizing transformation, exposure, reversibility, and standardized reporting. The review concludes that the next stage of nanogeoscience will depend less on demonstrating isolated nanoscale effects and more on quantitatively connecting them to field observables through correlative characterization, reactive-transport modeling, uncertainty analysis, and carefully designed field validation.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Marine Geology and Geophysics

Journal Section

Review Article

Authors

Shahriyar Karimdoust ^*
Iran

Dr. Adil Özdemir
Switzerland

Ekrem Kalkan
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 4, 2026

Submission Date

August 14, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 30, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 8 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Karimdoust, S., Özdemir, D. A., & Kalkan, E. (2026). Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications, 8(2), 402-433. https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK

AMA

1.Karimdoust S, Özdemir DA, Kalkan E. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications. IJESKA. 2026;8(2):402-433. https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK

Chicago

Karimdoust, Shahriyar, Dr. Adil Özdemir, and Ekrem Kalkan. 2026. “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications”. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 8 (2): 402-33. https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK.

EndNote

Karimdoust S, Özdemir DA, Kalkan E (September 1, 2026) Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 8 2 402–433.

IEEE

[1]S. Karimdoust, D. A. Özdemir, and E. Kalkan, “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications”, IJESKA, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 402–433, Sept. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK

ISNAD

Karimdoust, Shahriyar - Özdemir, Dr. Adil - Kalkan, Ekrem. “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications”. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 8/2 (September 1, 2026): 402-433. https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK.

JAMA

1.Karimdoust S, Özdemir DA, Kalkan E. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications. IJESKA. 2026;8:402–433.

MLA

Karimdoust, Shahriyar, et al. “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications”. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications, vol. 8, no. 2, Sept. 2026, pp. 402-33, https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK.

Vancouver

1.Shahriyar Karimdoust, Dr. Adil Özdemir, Ekrem Kalkan. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Geosciences: A Multiscale Framework from Mineral Interfaces to Earth-System Applications. IJESKA [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 1;8(2):402-33. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA74JU49HK