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Integration of 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Volumetric Investigation of Geologic Formations in a Sedimentary Terrain

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 138 - 148, 10.05.2023

Öz

In a wide variety of research fields, including agriculture, botany, road construction and mineral exploration, it is crucial to analyse the volume of dominant geologic formations in an area especially those of very high economic importance. Volumetric evaluation of geologic formations is an essential stride towards economic and local content development. Ten (10) 2D geoelectrical resistivity profiles were gathered in parallel and perpendicular equidistant lines using the Wenner array with maximum electrodes spread of 200m to investigate the subsurface geological stratification in both the vertical and horizontal direction at Obaretin community in the Edo State, Nigeria. Using Earth Imager 2D software, 2D resistivity-depth models were created from the 2D resistivity dataset with the use of wenner aray. In order to create a 3D depth slice and a 3D block model for the subsurface stratification, the survey dataset was compiled into a single 3D data set and inverted using Res3Dinv software and Voxler 4.0 programs. The 2D resisitivity imaging results revealed three geo-electric major layers at Obaretin, which are indicative of topsoil, silt sand, clayey sand, and lateritic sand with sandstone intercalations as the dominant geologic formations in the study area. The Resistivity lithology of the study area also showed three geo-electric subsurface layers to an appreciable depth of 40 m for Silt sand, topsoil (299–1791 Ωm), lateritic sand with sandstones intercalations (985–3253 Ωm), and clayey sand (48.9–1791 Ωm) were delineated. The study revealed that the dominant formations are laterite, silt sand and clayey sand which showed an estimated volumetrics of 373,508m3, 520,320 m3 and 194,800 m3 per two million m3 respectively which are in high economic quantities. Hence, the adoption of 2D and 3D electrical resistivity imaging has aided the successful volumetric assessment of geologic formations which are of high economic value in the study area.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelwahab, H., 2013. Comparison of 2D and 3D Resistivity Imaging Methods in the Study of Shallow Subsurface Structures. Greener Journal of Physical Sciences 3 (4), 149-158.
  • Abdullahi, A., Mohd, N.M.N., Rosli, S., Kola, A.N.A., 2013. Volumetric Assessment of Leachate from Solid Waste using 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (2013), 3014-3022.
  • Abolarin, O.M., Eze, U.S., Ibitoye, T.A., Bello, A.M., Nnorom, S.L., 2020. Multitechnique Mineral Exploration in A Part of Igarra North Basement Complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Geosciences 10 (1), 10-24.
  • Ahzegbobor, P.A, Olayinka, A.I., Singh, V.S., 2010. Application of 2D and 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging for Engineering site investigation in a crystalline basement terrain, Southwestern Nigeria. Environmental Earth Sciences 61 (7), 1481-1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0464-z.
  • Airen, O.J., Ekhoragbon, M.O., 2021. The Use of Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Classify the Earth’s Subsurface in Ugbogiobo Community, Edo State, South-South Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology 40 (5), 966 -975.
  • Alile, O.M., Aigbogun, C.O., Enoma, N., Abraham, E.M., Ighodalo, J.E., 2017. 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Investigation of Mineral Deposits in Amahor, Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 2 (1) 215-231.
  • Alile, O.M., Ujuanbi, O., Evbuomwan, I.A., 2011. Geoelectric investigation of groundwater in Obaretin – Iyanomon locality, Edo state, Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 3 (1), 13-20.
  • Alile, O.M., Abraham, E.M., 2015. Three-dimensional geoelectrical imaging of the subsurface structure of university of Benin-Edo state Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research 6 (11), 85-93.
  • Alsulaimani, G., Ahmed, M.F., Raza, M., 2016. Reserve Estimation of Silica Sand Deposits by Core Control and Geophysical Methods, A Case Study from Saudi Arabia. The Nucleus 53 (3), 162-170.
  • Bermejo, L., Ortega, A.I., Guérin R., Benito-Calvo, A., Perez-Gonzalez, A., Peres, J.M., Aracil, E., de Casto, J.M.B., Carbonell, E., 2017. 2D and 3D ERT imaging for identifying karst morphologies in the archaeological sites of Gran Dolina and Galería Complex (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Quaternary International 433, 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.031.
  • Bery, A.A., Saad, R., Mohamad, E.T., Jinmin, M., Azwin, I.N., Tan, N.M.A., Nordiana, M.M., 2012. Electrical resistivity and induced polarization data correlation with conductivity for iron ore exploration. The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 17, 3223-3233.
  • Bhattacharya, B.B., Shalivahan, S., 2016. Geoelectric methods: theory and applications: McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited. Cheng, Q., Chen, X., Tao, M., Binley, A., 2019. Characterization of karst structures using quasi‑3D electrical resistivity Tomography. Environmental Earth Sciences 78 (2019), 285 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8284-2.
  • Dahlin, T., Zhou, B., 2006. Gradient array measurements for multi-channel 2D resistivity imaging. Near Surface Geophysics 4, 113-123.
  • Eze, S.U., Ogagarue D.O., Nnorom, S.L., Osung, W.E., Ibitoye, T.A., 2021. Integrated geophysical and geochemical methods for environmental assessment of subsurface hydrocarbon contamination. Environ Monit Assess 451 (2021) 193-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09219-3.
  • Eze, S.U., Orji, O.M., Onoriode, A.E., Saleh, S.A., Abolarin, M. O., 2022. Integrated Geoelectrical Resistivity Method for Environmental Assessment of Landfill Leachate Pollution and Aquifer Vulnerability Studies. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 10, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.109001.
  • Ezomo, F.O., Justice, E.A., Ojeabu, A., Ezekiel, A., 2015. Delineation of Subsurface Lithology using Two-Dimensional Geoelectrical Resistivity Imaging in Ologbo Area of Edo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6, June-2015.
  • Keshavarzi, M., Baker, A., Kelly, B.F., Andersen, M.S., 2017. River–groundwater connectivity in a karst system, Wellington, New South Wales, Australia. Hydrogeology Journal 25 (2), 557-574.
  • Keller, G.V., Frischknecht F.C., 1996. Electrical methods in geophysical prospecting. Pergamon Press Inc., Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • Khalil, M.A., Santos, F.M., Cach, M., Fonseca, P.E., Mata, J., 2013. 2D and 3D Resistivity Tomography of the Su´ımo Garnet-bearing Byke, Lisbon Volcanic Complex, Portugal: a case study. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering. Journal of Geophysics Engineering 10, 035013.
  • Kogbe, C.A., 1989. Geology of Nigeria. Rock View (Nig.) Ltd., Plot 1234, Zaramaganda, Km 8, Yakubu Gowon Way, Jos, Nigeria. First published 1975, pp. 39-56.
  • Lesmes, D.P., Friedman, S.P., 2005. Relationships between the electrical and hydrogeological properties of rocks and soils. In: Rubin Y, Hubbard SS (eds) Hydrogeophysics. Springer, New York, pp 87-128.
  • Li, Y., Oldenburg, D.W., 1994. Inversion of 3D DC Resistivity Datausing an Approximate Inverse Mapping. Geophysical Journal International, 116, pp. 527-537.
  • Longo, V., Testone, V., Oggiano, G., Testa, A., 2014. Prospecting for clay minerals within volcanic successions: application of electrical resistivity tomography to characterize bentonite deposits in northern Sardinia (Italy). Journal of Applied Geophysics 111, 21-32.
  • Loke, M.H., 2000. Electrical imaging surveys for environmental and engineering studies: a practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys, 1-20.
  • Loke, M.H., 2012. Tutorial: 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys, 1-18.
  • McCormack, T., O’Connell, Y., Daly, E., Gill, L.W., Henry, T., Perriquet, M., 2017. Characterisation of karst hydrogeology in Western Ireland using geophysical and hydraulic modelling techniques. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 10, 1-17.
  • Ogunsanwo, O., 1989. Some properties of sedimentary laterite soil as engineering construction material. International Association of Engineering Geology Bulletin, 39 (1), 131135.
  • Nordiana, M.M., Saad, R., Nawawic, M.N.M., Azwind, I.N., Tonnizam, M., 2013. Case Study: Shallow Subsurface Geology Mapping Using 2-D Resistivity Imaging with EHR Technique. Sciverse sciencedirect. APCBEE Procedia 5, 134-140.
  • Osisanya, O.W., Ibitoye, A.T., Eze, S., Ezomo, F.O., Okeh, O., 2017. Delineation of Laterite Deposits using Two-Dimensional Geo-Electric Imaging in Agbonmwoba Village Area of Obaretin Town, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences 8 (6), 233-243.
  • Osisanya, O.W, Abolarin, O.M, Korode, A.I., Ajibade, Z.F., 2020. 2D Geo-electrical Resistivity Imaging of Clay Deposit in Agbonmwoba Village, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 10, 10. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEES/10-10-06.
  • Panek, T., Hradecky, J., Silhan, K., 2008. Application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the study of various types of slope deformations in anisotropic bedrock: case studies from the Flysch Carpathians. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica 42, 57-73.
  • Piegari, E., Cataudella, V., Di Maio, R., Milano, L., Nicodemi, M., Soldovieri, M.G., 2009. Electrical resistivity tomography and statistical analysis: a conceptual approach. Journal of Applied Geophysics 68, 151-158. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.10.014.
  • Revil, A., Leroy, P., Titov, K., 2005. Characterization of transport properties of argillaceous sediments. Application to the Callovo-Oxfordian Argillite. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, B06202.
  • Robert, T., Dassargues, A., Brouyère, S., Kaufmann, O., Hallet, V., Nguyen, F., 2011. Assessing the contribution of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) methods for a water well drilling program in fractured/karstified limestones. Journal of Applied Geophysics 75 (1), 42-53.
  • Savin, C., Robineau, B., Monteil, G., Beauvais, A., Parisot, J.C., Ritz, M., 2003. Electrical imaging of peridotite weathering mantles as a complementary tool for nickel ore exploration in New Caledonia: ASEG 16th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, Extended Abstracts, 1–5.
  • Schrott, L., Saas, O., 2008. Application of field geophysics in geomorphology: advances and limitations exemplified by case studies. Geomorphology 93, 55-73.
  • Xu, S., Sirieix, C., Marache, A., Riss, J., Malaurent, P., 2016. 3D geostatistical modeling of Lascaux hill from ERT data. Engineering Geology 21, 169-178.
  • White, R.M.S., Collins, S., Denne, R., Hee, R., Brown, P., 2001. A new survey design for 3D IP modelling at sCopper Hill. Exploration Geophysics 32, 152-155.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 138 - 148, 10.05.2023

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abdelwahab, H., 2013. Comparison of 2D and 3D Resistivity Imaging Methods in the Study of Shallow Subsurface Structures. Greener Journal of Physical Sciences 3 (4), 149-158.
  • Abdullahi, A., Mohd, N.M.N., Rosli, S., Kola, A.N.A., 2013. Volumetric Assessment of Leachate from Solid Waste using 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Imaging, Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (2013), 3014-3022.
  • Abolarin, O.M., Eze, U.S., Ibitoye, T.A., Bello, A.M., Nnorom, S.L., 2020. Multitechnique Mineral Exploration in A Part of Igarra North Basement Complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Geosciences 10 (1), 10-24.
  • Ahzegbobor, P.A, Olayinka, A.I., Singh, V.S., 2010. Application of 2D and 3D geoelectrical resistivity imaging for Engineering site investigation in a crystalline basement terrain, Southwestern Nigeria. Environmental Earth Sciences 61 (7), 1481-1492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0464-z.
  • Airen, O.J., Ekhoragbon, M.O., 2021. The Use of Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Classify the Earth’s Subsurface in Ugbogiobo Community, Edo State, South-South Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology 40 (5), 966 -975.
  • Alile, O.M., Aigbogun, C.O., Enoma, N., Abraham, E.M., Ighodalo, J.E., 2017. 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Investigation of Mineral Deposits in Amahor, Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 2 (1) 215-231.
  • Alile, O.M., Ujuanbi, O., Evbuomwan, I.A., 2011. Geoelectric investigation of groundwater in Obaretin – Iyanomon locality, Edo state, Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Mining Research 3 (1), 13-20.
  • Alile, O.M., Abraham, E.M., 2015. Three-dimensional geoelectrical imaging of the subsurface structure of university of Benin-Edo state Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research 6 (11), 85-93.
  • Alsulaimani, G., Ahmed, M.F., Raza, M., 2016. Reserve Estimation of Silica Sand Deposits by Core Control and Geophysical Methods, A Case Study from Saudi Arabia. The Nucleus 53 (3), 162-170.
  • Bermejo, L., Ortega, A.I., Guérin R., Benito-Calvo, A., Perez-Gonzalez, A., Peres, J.M., Aracil, E., de Casto, J.M.B., Carbonell, E., 2017. 2D and 3D ERT imaging for identifying karst morphologies in the archaeological sites of Gran Dolina and Galería Complex (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain). Quaternary International 433, 393-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.12.031.
  • Bery, A.A., Saad, R., Mohamad, E.T., Jinmin, M., Azwin, I.N., Tan, N.M.A., Nordiana, M.M., 2012. Electrical resistivity and induced polarization data correlation with conductivity for iron ore exploration. The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 17, 3223-3233.
  • Bhattacharya, B.B., Shalivahan, S., 2016. Geoelectric methods: theory and applications: McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited. Cheng, Q., Chen, X., Tao, M., Binley, A., 2019. Characterization of karst structures using quasi‑3D electrical resistivity Tomography. Environmental Earth Sciences 78 (2019), 285 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8284-2.
  • Dahlin, T., Zhou, B., 2006. Gradient array measurements for multi-channel 2D resistivity imaging. Near Surface Geophysics 4, 113-123.
  • Eze, S.U., Ogagarue D.O., Nnorom, S.L., Osung, W.E., Ibitoye, T.A., 2021. Integrated geophysical and geochemical methods for environmental assessment of subsurface hydrocarbon contamination. Environ Monit Assess 451 (2021) 193-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09219-3.
  • Eze, S.U., Orji, O.M., Onoriode, A.E., Saleh, S.A., Abolarin, M. O., 2022. Integrated Geoelectrical Resistivity Method for Environmental Assessment of Landfill Leachate Pollution and Aquifer Vulnerability Studies. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 10, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.109001.
  • Ezomo, F.O., Justice, E.A., Ojeabu, A., Ezekiel, A., 2015. Delineation of Subsurface Lithology using Two-Dimensional Geoelectrical Resistivity Imaging in Ologbo Area of Edo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6, June-2015.
  • Keshavarzi, M., Baker, A., Kelly, B.F., Andersen, M.S., 2017. River–groundwater connectivity in a karst system, Wellington, New South Wales, Australia. Hydrogeology Journal 25 (2), 557-574.
  • Keller, G.V., Frischknecht F.C., 1996. Electrical methods in geophysical prospecting. Pergamon Press Inc., Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • Khalil, M.A., Santos, F.M., Cach, M., Fonseca, P.E., Mata, J., 2013. 2D and 3D Resistivity Tomography of the Su´ımo Garnet-bearing Byke, Lisbon Volcanic Complex, Portugal: a case study. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering. Journal of Geophysics Engineering 10, 035013.
  • Kogbe, C.A., 1989. Geology of Nigeria. Rock View (Nig.) Ltd., Plot 1234, Zaramaganda, Km 8, Yakubu Gowon Way, Jos, Nigeria. First published 1975, pp. 39-56.
  • Lesmes, D.P., Friedman, S.P., 2005. Relationships between the electrical and hydrogeological properties of rocks and soils. In: Rubin Y, Hubbard SS (eds) Hydrogeophysics. Springer, New York, pp 87-128.
  • Li, Y., Oldenburg, D.W., 1994. Inversion of 3D DC Resistivity Datausing an Approximate Inverse Mapping. Geophysical Journal International, 116, pp. 527-537.
  • Longo, V., Testone, V., Oggiano, G., Testa, A., 2014. Prospecting for clay minerals within volcanic successions: application of electrical resistivity tomography to characterize bentonite deposits in northern Sardinia (Italy). Journal of Applied Geophysics 111, 21-32.
  • Loke, M.H., 2000. Electrical imaging surveys for environmental and engineering studies: a practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys, 1-20.
  • Loke, M.H., 2012. Tutorial: 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys, 1-18.
  • McCormack, T., O’Connell, Y., Daly, E., Gill, L.W., Henry, T., Perriquet, M., 2017. Characterisation of karst hydrogeology in Western Ireland using geophysical and hydraulic modelling techniques. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 10, 1-17.
  • Ogunsanwo, O., 1989. Some properties of sedimentary laterite soil as engineering construction material. International Association of Engineering Geology Bulletin, 39 (1), 131135.
  • Nordiana, M.M., Saad, R., Nawawic, M.N.M., Azwind, I.N., Tonnizam, M., 2013. Case Study: Shallow Subsurface Geology Mapping Using 2-D Resistivity Imaging with EHR Technique. Sciverse sciencedirect. APCBEE Procedia 5, 134-140.
  • Osisanya, O.W., Ibitoye, A.T., Eze, S., Ezomo, F.O., Okeh, O., 2017. Delineation of Laterite Deposits using Two-Dimensional Geo-Electric Imaging in Agbonmwoba Village Area of Obaretin Town, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences 8 (6), 233-243.
  • Osisanya, O.W, Abolarin, O.M, Korode, A.I., Ajibade, Z.F., 2020. 2D Geo-electrical Resistivity Imaging of Clay Deposit in Agbonmwoba Village, Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science 10, 10. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEES/10-10-06.
  • Panek, T., Hradecky, J., Silhan, K., 2008. Application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the study of various types of slope deformations in anisotropic bedrock: case studies from the Flysch Carpathians. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica 42, 57-73.
  • Piegari, E., Cataudella, V., Di Maio, R., Milano, L., Nicodemi, M., Soldovieri, M.G., 2009. Electrical resistivity tomography and statistical analysis: a conceptual approach. Journal of Applied Geophysics 68, 151-158. https://doi.org/0.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.10.014.
  • Revil, A., Leroy, P., Titov, K., 2005. Characterization of transport properties of argillaceous sediments. Application to the Callovo-Oxfordian Argillite. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, B06202.
  • Robert, T., Dassargues, A., Brouyère, S., Kaufmann, O., Hallet, V., Nguyen, F., 2011. Assessing the contribution of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) methods for a water well drilling program in fractured/karstified limestones. Journal of Applied Geophysics 75 (1), 42-53.
  • Savin, C., Robineau, B., Monteil, G., Beauvais, A., Parisot, J.C., Ritz, M., 2003. Electrical imaging of peridotite weathering mantles as a complementary tool for nickel ore exploration in New Caledonia: ASEG 16th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, Extended Abstracts, 1–5.
  • Schrott, L., Saas, O., 2008. Application of field geophysics in geomorphology: advances and limitations exemplified by case studies. Geomorphology 93, 55-73.
  • Xu, S., Sirieix, C., Marache, A., Riss, J., Malaurent, P., 2016. 3D geostatistical modeling of Lascaux hill from ERT data. Engineering Geology 21, 169-178.
  • White, R.M.S., Collins, S., Denne, R., Hee, R., Brown, P., 2001. A new survey design for 3D IP modelling at sCopper Hill. Exploration Geophysics 32, 152-155.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yer Bilimleri ve Jeoloji Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Murphy Ogiemwonyi Iduserı Bu kişi benim

Osisanya Olajuwon Wasıu Bu kişi benim

Avwenaghegha O. Jude Bu kişi benim

Korode Akinjide Isaac Bu kişi benim

Amoyedo Abiodun Adekunle Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

AMA Iduserı MO, Wasıu OO, Jude AO, Isaac KA, Adekunle AA. Integration of 2D and 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography for Volumetric Investigation of Geologic Formations in a Sedimentary Terrain. IJESKA. Mayıs 2023;5(1):138-148.