ULTRASTRUCTURAL EXAMINATIONS ON DIABETIC RAT SKIN TISSUE WITH TOPICAL APPLICATION OF Salvia euphratica ETHANOL EXTRACT

Abstract

Several medicinal plants to treat diabetic wound healing were researched and are still under investigation. A variety of processes contributed to diabetics such as; inhibition of inflammatory response, generation of reactive oxygen species, differentiation of the extracellular matrix and reduced collagen production. The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructural alterations in diabetic rat skin tissue treated with the ointment prepared with Salvia euphratica. Male Wistar albino rats were used in this study (n: 24), divided into 4 groups. Non-treated, diabetic, diabetic and cicatrizant  treated, ointment prepared with ethanol extract of   1% Salvia euphratica  topically applied  for  14 days. A single dose of 45 mg/dL streptozotocin (i.p.) was given to rats to induce diabetes. Excisional wound model was created under anesthesia. A cicatrizant, fitocream, was used as positive control. Normal skin tissue was observed in non-treated group. Diabetic skin tissue   revealed hyalinization of the cytoplasm and loss of cytoplasm.    Ointment treated diabetic group revealed altered cellular elements suggests healing. At the wound area, number of fibroblast cells synthesizing connective tissue were increased and the collagen fibers were regularly oriented. Neutrophil and monocyte cells besides mast and macrophage cells were found in the capillaries of dermis in S. euphratica ointment treated group. Wound healing in diabetic tissues is known to be slow. Using phytocream therapy to expedite the healing process is a long time known phenomenon. Our observations demonstrated that Salvia euphratica promoted changes in skin tissue that may contribute to wound healing at the cellular level.

Keywords

• Diabetes,Salvia euphratica,Wound Healing,Ultrastructure

References

1. Referans1 Tsioutsiou, E., Miraldi, E., et al., Skin Wound Healing: From Mediterranean Ethnobotany to Evidence based Phytotherapy, Athens Journal of Sciences, (2017), 4, pp. 199-211.
2. Referans2 Bandaranayake, W. M., Quality control, screening, toxicity, and regulation of herbal drugs, Modern Phytomedicine. Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs eds Ahmad I., Aqil F., Owais M., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA, pp. 25–57.
3. Referans3 Bamidele, O., Kolawole, J.T., et al., Wound Healing Potentials of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. in Wistar Rats. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 2 (2017), pp. 1-11.
4. Referans4 Dorai, A.A., Wound care with traditional, complementary and alternative medicine. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 45 (2012), pp. 418-424.
5. Referans5 Nagar, H.K., Srivastava, A.K, et al. Pharmacological Investigation of the Wound Healing Activity of Cestrum nocturnum (L.) Ointment in Wistar Albino Rats. Journal of Pharmaceutics, (2016), ID 9249040.
6. Referans6 Nguyen, V.L, Truong, C-T., et al. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of calophyllolide isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. PLoS ONE. (2017), 12(10):e0185674.
7. Referans7 Greenhalgh, D.G. Wound healing and diabetes mellitus. Clinical Plastic Surgery, 30 (2003), pp. 37 – 45.
8. Referans8 Trengove, N.J, Stacey, MC, et al. Analysis of the acute and chronic wound environments: the role of proteases and their inhibitors. Wound Repair Regeneration, (1999), 7, pp. 442– 452.

9. Referans9 Alimpic-Aradski, Knezevi, A., et al., Biological activities and chemical composition of Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. Extracts. Industrial crops and products, 105, (2017), 1-9.
10. Referans10 Narayan, S., Sasmal, D., et al., Evaluation Of The Wound Healing Effect Of Herbal Ointment Formulated with Salvia Splendens (Scarlet Sage) International Journal of Pharmarcy Science, 3, (2011), 195-199.
11. Referans11 Estakhr, J. and Javdan, N., Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity of Salvia hypoleuca extract on Rats. Pharmacologyonline (2011), 3, pp.622-625.
12. Referans12 Suntar, I., Akkol, E.K., et al. Investigating wound healing, tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts of Salvia cryptantha and Salvia cyanescens using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, (2011), 135, pp.71-77.
13. Referans13 Hayat, M.A., Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy, Biological Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
14. Referans14 Frangez, I., Cankar, K., Frangez, H.B., Smrke, D.M., The effect of LED on blood microcirculation during chronic wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic patients-a prospective, double-blind randomized study. Lasers in Medical Science, 32, (2017), pp.887-894.
15. Referans15 Medagama, A.B, Bandara, R., The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: is continued use safe and effective? Nutrition Journal, 13, (2014), pp.1-9.Referans16 Komesu, M.C., Tanga, M.B., Buttros, K.R., Nakao, C., Effects of acute diabetes on rat cutaneous wound healing. Pathophysiology, (2004), pp.63-67.
16. Referans17 Geddes, A.M., Pithie, A.D., Infection in the diabetic patient, in: M. Brownlee, L.M. Sherwood (Eds.), Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Pathogenesis and Treatment, Hanly & Belfus Inc., Philadelphia, 1990.