HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF NORMOTENSIVE AND PREECLAMPTIC PLACENTAS

Year 2019, , 67 - 73, 01.04.2019

Gamze Erdogan , Yusuf Nergiz , Elif Ağaçayak

https://doi.org/10.23884/ijhsrp.2019.4.1.07

Abstract

The placenta plays a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia is more common in multifetal pregnancies than singleton
pregnancies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the histopathology of
normotensive and preeclamptic placentas and the localization of alkaline
phosphatase activity. In our study, 10 normotensive and 10 preeclamptic,
totally 20 placentas were obtained.Paraffin sections were stained with
Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson trichrome and PAS for histopathological
examination.Remaining sections were then stained via Gomori’s method and
micrographed under light microscope. Sections of the control group observed
normal histologically structure.The 
alkaline phosphatase reaction was evident in the inner and outer
membranes of the syncytiotrophoblasts. There was a significant increase in the
number of syncytial knots, terminal villi and syncytial bridges in the
preeclamptic placenta sections. Marked thickening of the trophoblast basal
membranes were observed. Alkaline phosphatase reaction in preeclampsia
group: The localization of alkaline phosphatase in the inner and outer
membranes of the syncytiotrophoblasts was reduced. In placentas of preeclampsia
group, a significant increase in syncytial knot, syncytial bridge were
observed. The level of alkaline phosphatase enzyme in preeclamptic placentas
was found to be lower compared to normotensive placenta.

Keywords

Placenta, Preeclampsia, Alkaline phosphatase, Light microscope

References

• [1] Stead SM, Stead LG, Kaufman MS, Feig RL, and Johnson NC. Complications of pregnancy, In: First Aid for the Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGraw-Hill Book Company, NewYork, London, 2002.
• [2] Granger JP, Alexander BT, Linas MT, Bennet WA and Khalil RA Pathophysiology of preeclampsia linking placental ischemia/hypoxia with microvascular dysfunction. Microcirc., 9 (3), 147-160, 2002.
• [3] Rodin A, Duncan A, Quartero HWP, Pistofidis G, Mashiter G, Whitetaken K, Crook D, Stevenson JC, Chapman MG and Fogelman I. Serum Concentration of Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes and Osteocalcin in Normal Preganacy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinological Methods, 68, 1123-1127, 1989.
• [4] J. D. Boyd and W. J. Hamilton, The human placenta, Heffer, Cambridge, 1970.
• [5] Ursula N. lister: The localization of placental enzymes whit electron microscope. J. obstet. Gynec. Britt. Cwlht., 74, 34-29, 1967.
• [6] Fox N. F. Kharkongar: Enzyme histochermistry of the Hofbauer cells of the human placenta. J. obs. Gynec. Britt. Cwlht., 76, 918-921, 1969.
• [7] Ralph, M. Wynn: Derivation and ultrastructure of so-called Hofbauer cell. Am. J. obs. And gyn. , 97, 235-248, 1967.
• [8] G. Wielangta. R.G.J. Willighagen: Histochemistry of the syncytotrofoblast and the stroma in the normal full-term placenta. Am. J. Obs. Gynec., 84, 1059, 1962.
• [9] M. Wachstein, J.G. Meager and J. Ortis: Enzymatic histochemistry of the term human placenta. Am. J.Obs. Gynec., 87, 13, 1963.
• [10] De Duve: Lysosomes, a new group of cytoplasmic particles. Edited by Hayashi T, Ronald pres, New York, 1999.
• [11] Messer RH, Heat stable alkaline phosphatase as an index of placental function. American J. Obstet. & Gynecol., 15, 459-465, 1997.
• [12] Luis A.The normal and abnormal placentae, American J. Obstet. & Gynecol., 118, 273-275, 1974.
• [13] Jeacock M K, Morris N F. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatase in the human placenta. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 70, 267-273, 1993.
• [14] Curzen P. Variation in enzyme histochemistry of Placenta. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 71, 388-399, 1994.
• [15] Dempsey E W, Wislocki G B. Further observations on distribution of phosphatases in mammalian placentas. The American Journal of Anatomy. 80(1), 1-3, 1987.
• [16] Mangal A, Shrivastava P, Gaur U, Jain A, Goyal U, Rath G. Histochemical analysis of placental alkaline phosphatase in Hypertensive Disorders complicating Pregnancy. J. Anat. Soc. India, 54(2), 1-9, 2005.
• [17] Saleh RA, Dkhıl MAM. Structural changes of placenta in preeclamptic patients: Light and electron microscopic study. Turk J Med Sci., 38(3), 219-225, 2008.
• [18] Majumdar S, Dasgupta H, Bhattacharya K, Bhattacharya A. A study of placenta in normal and hypertensive pregnancies. J Anat Soc India, 54(2), 1-9, 2005.
• [19] Elpek GÖ, Karaveli Ş, Keleş N. Preeklampsili olguların term plasentalarında villöz trofoblast proliferasyonunun incelenmesi. Türk Patoloji Dergisi, 16(1-2), 10-12, 2000.
• [20] Yuping Wang Y, Alexander JS. Placental pathophysiology in preeclampsia. Pathophysiology, 6, 261-270, 2000.