EFFECT OF EATING ATTITUDES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES UPON QUALITY OF LIFE

Abstract

Eating disorders, which are one of the most important causes of poor glycemic control, increase weight gain among diabetic people, complicate weight loss and reduce quality of life by aggravating diabetic complications. The current study was undertaken to explore the effect of eating attitudes of individuals with Type 2 diabetes upon quality of life. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was done with 127 Type 2 diabetic individuals between November 2019 and March 2020. The data were gathered using Patient Information Form, Eating Attitudes Test and The Diabetes Quality-of-Life Measure. The average age of the participants was 58.77±8.78 years, 62.2% of them were female and 42.7% of them showed a cutoff point of ≥30 for eating attitudes. There was a negatively significant correlation between the Type 2 diabetic individuals’ total score of eating attitudes test and the sub-dimensions of satisfaction with treatment, impact of treatment, worries about future effects of diabetes and total diabetes quality of life scores (r=-.493, p=0.000; r=-.226, p=0.011; r= -.193, p=0.030; r=-.390, p=0.000) but a positively significant and moderate correlation between the sub-dimension of worries about social and vocational issues and total score of eating attitudes test (r=0.304; p=0.001). It was determined that individuals with Type 2 diabetes with impaired eating behaviors had low quality of life. It is recommended that with the first diagnosis, individuals’ eating behaviors should closely be monitored and they should be informed of the importance of eating and nutrition in diabetes.

Keywords

• Diabetes mellitus,Type 2,Eating behavior,Quality of life

References

1. Dias Santana, D., Mitchison, D., Gonzalez-Chica, D., Touyz, S., Stocks, N., Appolinario, J.C., da Veiga, G.V., Hay, P., “Associations between self-reported diabetes mellitus, disordered eating behaviours, weight/shape overvaluation, and health-related quality of life”, Journal of Eating Disorders, 7(35), 1-9, 2019. Doi: 10.1186/s40337-019-0266-y.
2. International Diabetes Federation, IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2019.
3. Vadstrup, E.S., Frølich, A., Perrild, H., Borg, E., Røder, M., “Health-related quality of life and self-related health in patients with type 2 diabetes: Effects of group-based rehabilitation versus individual counselling”, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9 (110), 1-8, 2011. Doi:10.1186/1477-7525-9-110.
4. Zhuang, Y., Ma, Q.H., Pan, C.W., Lu, J., “Health-related quality of life in older Chinese patients with diabetes”, PLoS ONE, 15(2), 1-8, 2020. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229652.
5. García-Mayor, R.V., García-Soidán, F.J., “Eating disoders in type 2 diabetic people: Brief review”, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 11, 221-224, 2017. Doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08.004.
6. Abbott, S., Dindol, N., Tahrani A.A., Piya, M.K., “Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review”, Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(36), 1-8, 2018. Doi:10.1186/s40337-018-0223-1.
7. Papelbaum, M., de Oliveira Moreira, R., Coutinho, W.F., Kupfer, R., Freitas, S., Luz, R.R., Appolinario, J.C., “Does binge-eating matter for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients?”, Journal of Eating Disorders, 7(30), 1-6, 2019. Doi:10.1186/s40337-019-0260-4.
8. Nicolau, J., Simó, R., Sanchís, P., Ayala, L., Fortuny, R., Zubillaga, I., Masmiquel, L., “Eating disorders are frequent among type 2 diabetic patients and are associated with worse metabolic and psychological outcomes: Results from a cross-sectional study in primary and secondary care settings”, Acta Diabetologica, 52, 1037-1044, 2015. Doi:10.1007/s00592-015-0742-z.

9. Yılmaz, M., Cetinkalp, S., “The association of eating attitudes between metabolic control and quality of life in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus”, British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 13(9), 1-8, 2016. Doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2016/17598.
10. Jain, V., Shivkumar, S., Gupta, O., “Health-related quality of life (Hr-Qol) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”, North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(2), 2020. Doi:10.4103/1947-2714.127752.
11. Petroni, M.L., Barbanti, F.A., Bonadonna, R., Bruno, G., Caletti, M.T., Croci, M.,……..Marchesini, G., “Dysfunctional eating in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter Italian study of socio-demographic and clinical associations”, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 29(9), 983-990, 2019. Doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2019.06.006.
12. Kueh Y.C., Morris, T., Ismail, A., “The effect of diabetes knowledge and attitudes on self-management and quality of life among people with type 2 diabetes”, Psychology, Health & Medicine, 22(2), 138-144, 2017. Doi:10.1080/13548506.2016.1147055.
13. Almogbel, E., “Assessment of health-related quality of life among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qassim region-Saudi Arabia”, International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 3(11), 1-7, 2019. Doi: 10.24911/IJMDC.51-1568305542.
14. Garner, D., Garfinkel, P., “The eating attitudes test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa”, Psychological Medicine, 9, 273-279, 1979.
15. Savaşır, I., Erol, N., “Yeme tutum testi: Anoreksia nervosa belirtiler indeksi”, Journal of Psychology, 7(23), 19-25, 1989.
16. Brislin, R.W., “Back translation for cross-cultural research”, Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185-216, 1970.
17. Yildirim, A., Akinci, F., Gozu, H., Sargin, H., Orbay, E., Sargin, M., “Translation, cultural adaptation, cross-validation of the Turkish Diabetes Quality-of-Life (DQOL) measure”, Quality of Life Research, 16, 873-879, 2007. Doi:10.1007/s11136-007-9172-x.
18. Dehvan, F., Saeed, D.M., Dehkordi, A.H., Gheshlagh, R.G., “Quality of life of Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis”, Nursing Practice Today, 6(4), 167-175, 2019. Doi:10.18502/npt.v6i4.1939.
19. Cerrelli, F., Manini, R., Forlani, G., Baraldi, L., Melchionda, N., Marchesini, G., “Eating behavior affects quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Eating and Weight Disorders, 10, 251-257, 2005. Doi:10.1007/BF03327492.
20. Mohammadi, S., Karim, N.A., Talib, R.A., Amani, R., “Evaluation of quality of life among type 2 diabetes patients”, International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(1), 51-56, 2016. Doi: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20151485.
21. Bıyık, S., Akı, E., Examination of the Relationship between Factors Affecting Activity Performance of People with Diabetes, Master thesis, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
22. Bilgin, M.S., Özenç, S., Sarı, O., Yeşilkaya, Ş., Aydoğan, Ü., Koc, B., “A study on quality of life in patients with diabetes”, Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine, 6(2), 159-163, 2015.Doi:10.4328/JCAM.2461.
23. Kueh, Y.C., Morris, T., Borkoles, E., Shee, H., “Modelling of diabetes knowledge, attitudes, self-management, and quality of life: A cross-sectional study with an Australian sample”, Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13(129), 1-11, 2015. Doi:10.1186/s12955-015-0303-8.
24. Green, A.J., Fox, K.M., Grandy, S., “Self-reported hypoglycemia and impact on quality of life and depression among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 96, 313-318, 2012. Doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.002.
25. Williams, S.A., Pollack, M.F., Dibonaventura, M., “Effects of hypoglycemia on health-related quality of life, treatment satisfaction and healthcare resource utilization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 91, 363-370, 2011. Doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2010.12.027.
26. Mokhtari, Z., Gheshlagh, R.G., Kurdi, A., “Health-related quality of life in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis”, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 1-19, 2018. Doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.10.007.
27. Akinci, F., Yildirim, A., Go, H., “Assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes in Turkey”, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 79, 117-123, 2008. Doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.07.003.
28. Al-Maskari, M.Y., Al-Shookri, A.O., Al-Adawi, S.H., Lin, K.G., “Assessment of quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Oman”, Saudi Med J, 32(12), 1285-1290, 2011.
29. Luyster, F.S., Dunbar-Jacob, J., “Sleep quality and quality of life in adults with type 2 diabetes”, Sleep Quality and Quality of Life, 37(3), 347-355, 2011. Doi:10.1177/0145721711400663.
30. Hay, P., Mitchison, D., Collado, A.E.L., Gonzalez-Chica, D.A., Stocks, N., Touyz, S., “Burden and health-related quality of life of eating disorders, including Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), in the Australian population”, Journal of Eating Disorders, 5(21), 1-10, 2017. Doi:10.1186/s40337-017-0149-z.