PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF CONDOM ERRORS AMONG SEXUALLY ACTIVE RESIDENTS OF GEM SUB-COUNTY, SIAYA, COUNTY WESTERN KENYA, 2012-2014

Year 2019, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 55 - 66, 01.04.2019

Barbara Burmen , Mevis Omollo George Otieno

https://doi.org/10.23884/ijhsrp.2019.4.1.06

Abstract

Condom
effectiveness is compromised by user errors. We set out to examine the rates of
condom use and condom errors among sexually active persons living within a
Health Demographic Surveillance this high HIV prevalence area in Western Kenya.
We analyzed data from the second round of a longitudinal bio-behavioral survey
that was conducted in Gem, Siaya County between November 2012 and February
2014.Logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of condom use
among all sexually active persons and condom errors among participants
reporting condom use in the past 3 months. Of 7815 persons interviewed minority
(39%) reported having used male condoms with at least one sexual partner in the
past 3 months of whom 459 (15%) reported condom errors. Majority of those
reporting condom errors had experienced ‘incomplete use’ (i.e. (a combination
of early removal, late application or both early removal and late application).
Participants who had experienced condom errors were significantly more likely
to be aged  <25 years and 25-34 years
compared to those who were aged 35 years and older (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-1.9 and
OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.8 respectively to have had 3 or more and 2 sexual partners
in the past 12 months compared to those who had one (OR 2.4; 95CI 1.7-3.5 and
OR 1.6;95%CI 1.2-2.1 respectively),to have reported their sex partners to have
ever been drunk during sex (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.7), to have used mind altering
substances in the past 12 months compared to those who had never used mind
altering substances in the past 12 months (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.2-3.1), and to
report that their sex partner had ever used mind altering substances in the
past 12 months (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.8). Limited experience with condom use and
the use mind-altering substances may partly be responsible for condom errors.
Sexual and reproductive health programs should provide health education to
promote condom use and HIV risk awareness. Additional strategies to mitigate
effects of drug abuse as a harm reduction strategy should be considered for HIV
prevention.

Keywords

condom, errors, condom use

References

• [1] Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey KAIS 2012: Final Report , National AIDS Control Program NASCOP, http://nacc.or.ke/kais-2012-final-report
• [2] Grasso, M.A., et al., “Estimating the Prevalence and Predictors of Incorrect Condom Use among Sexually Active Adults in Kenya: Results From a Nationally Representative Survey”, Sexually transmitted diseases, 43, 87-93, 2016.
• [3] Emmanuel, W., et al., “Condom Use Determinants and Practices among People Living with HIV in Kisii County, Kenya”, The open AIDS journal, 9, 104-111, 2015.
• [4] National Guidelines for HIV Testing and Counselling in Kenya 2010, National AIDS and STI Control Program, http://guidelines.health.go.ke:8000/media/National_Guidelines_for_HTC_in_Kenya_2010_dWuc0Rr.pdf
• [5] Sanders, S.A., et al., “Condom use errors and problems: a global view”, Sexual Health, 9, 81-95, 2012.
• [6] Crosby, R., et al., “Condom-use errors and problems: a neglected aspect of studies assessing condom effectiveness”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 24, 367-370, 2003.
• [7] Bruce, N.G., Quantitative methods for health research: a practical interactive guide to epidemiology and statistics, John Wiley and Sons Inc,. Chichester, 2008.
• [8] Andrews, C.H., et al., “Determinants of consistent condom use among female sex workers in Savannakhet, Lao PDR”, BMC Womens Health, 15, 2015
• [9] Exavery, A., et al., Role of condom negotiation on condom use among women of reproductive age in three districts in Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 12, 2012.
• [10] Crosby, R.A., et al., “Young African American men having sex with multiple partners are more likely to use condoms incorrectly: a clinic-based study”, American Journal of Men’s Health., 2, 340-343, 2008.
• [11] Odhiambo, F.O., et al., “Profile: the KEMRI/CDC Health and Demographic Surveillance System--Western Kenya”, International Journal of Epidemiology, 41, 977-987, 2012.
• [12] Crosby, R., et al., “Condom Use Errors and Problems: A Comparative Study of HIV-Positive Versus HIV-Negative Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men”, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 42, 634-636, 2015.
• [13] Kenya AIDS strategic framework, 2014/2015-2018/2019, National Aids Control Council, http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya/docs/Democratic%20Governance/KENYA%20AIDS%20STRATEGIC%20FRAMEWORK.pdf
• [14] de Visser, R.O., et al.,. “Sex in Australia: experience of condom failure among a representative sample of men”, Australia and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 27, 217-222, 2003.
• [15] Sanders, S., et al. “Starting late, ending early: Correlates of incomplete condom use among young adults” The Eta Sigma Gamman, 25, 45-50, 2008.
• [16] Crosby, R.A., et al., “Men with broken condoms: who and why?”, Sexually transmitted infections, 83, 71-75, 2007.
• [17] Oindo, M.L., “Contraception and sexuality among the youth in Kisumu, Kenya”, African Journal of Health Sciences, 2, 33-39, 2002.
• [18] Crosby, R., et al., “Associations between rushed condom application and condom use errors and problems”, Sexually Transmitted Infections, 91, 275-277, 2015.
• [19] Yarber, W.L., et al., “Correlates of putting condoms on after sex has begun and of removing them before sex ends: a study of men attending an urban public STD clinic”, American, Journal of Men’s Health, 1, 190-196, 2007.
• [20] Kenya's fast-track plan to end HIV and AIDS among adolescents and young people , National Aids Control Council, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_532691.pdf
• [21] Chepngeno-Langat, G., “Perception of vulnerability to HIV infection among older people in Nairobi, Kenya: a need for intervention”, Journal of Biosocial Science, 45, 249-266, 2013.
• [22] Crosby, R., et al., “Two heads are better than one: the association between condom decision-making and condom use errors and problems”, Sexually Transmitted Infections, 84, 198-201, 2008.
• [23] Mathur, S., et al., “PrEP introduction for adolescent girls and young women”, Lancet HIV, 3, e406-e8, 2016.
• [24] Power, J., “Microbicides and HIV prevention in women: the state of research”, HIV Australia, 13, 2015.
• [25] Leslie, K.M., et al., “Harm reduction: An approach to reducing risky health behaviours in adolescents”, Paediatrics & Child Health, 13, 53-56, 2008.