Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 221 - 234, 31.10.2024
Norbani Che Ha
,
Rosmawanı Che Hashim
Noorfara Atilia Karim
Sajaratulnısah Othman
Proje Numarası
No: IRG004B-2020HWB
Kaynakça
- Sánchez, O. R., Vale, D. B., Rodrigues, L., and Surita, F. G., “Violence against women during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review”, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 151(2), 180–187, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13365
- Viero, A., Barbara, G., Montisci, M., Kustermann, K., and Cattaneo, C., “Violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic: A literature review and a demand for shared strategies to combat health and social emergencies”, Forensic Science International, 319 (110650), 319, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110650
- Yusof, M. M., Azman, A., Singh, P. S. J., and Yahaya, M. A., “Qualitative investigation into the coping strategies of female victims of victimisation following separation”, Human Rights and Social Work Journal, 7, 84-90, 2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-021-00199-5
- Betron, M., Gottert, A., Pulerwitz, J., Shattuck, D., and Stevanovic-Fenn, N., “Men and Covid-19: Adding a gender lens”, The Journal of Global Public Health, 15(7), 1090–1092, 2020. Doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1769702
- Moser, C., Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Training, Routledge, London, 1993.
- McLaren, H. J., Wong, K. R., Nguyen, K. N., and Mahamadachchi, K. N. D., “Covid-19 and women’s triple burden: Vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia”, Social Sciences, 9(5), 87, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050087
- Anastario, M. P., Larrance, R., and Lawry, L., “Using mental health indicators to identify postdisaster gender-based violence among women displaced by Hurricane Katrina”, Journal of Women’s Health, 17(9), 1437–1444, 2008. Doi: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0694
- Harville, E. W., Taylor, C. A., Tesfai, H., Xiong, X., and Buekens, P., “Experience of Hurricane Katrina and reported intimate partner violence”, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(4), pp. 833–845, 2011. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510365861
- John, N., Casey, S. E., Carino, G., and McGovern, T.., “Lessons never learned: crisis and gender‐based violence”, Developing World Bioethics, 20(2), 65–68, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12261
- First, J. M., First, N. L., and Houston, J. B., “Intimate partner violence and disasters: A framework for empowering women experiencing violence in disaster settings”, Affilia, 32(3), 390–403, 2017. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109917706338
- International Health Organisation (2020b), “The Director-General's introductory remarks at the Covid-19 media briefing”, Retrieved from the WHO website at https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-Covid-19, 11-march-2020.
- Yahya, A. S., Khawaja, S., and Chukwuma, J., “Association of COVID-19 with intimate partner violence”, The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 22 (3), 27392, 2020. Doi: 10.4088/PCC.20com02634
- Neil, J., “Domestic violence and HIV prevalence 19”, Australian General Practitioners Journal, 2020, Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20201105235027id_/https://www1.racgp.org.au/getattachment/6f14564c-e1ef-447d-b920-303ba93d0cac/Domestic-violence-and-COVID-19.aspx
- Mahase E., “Covid-19: EU states report 60% rise in emergency calls about domestic violence” BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online) 369, pmid: 32393463, 2020.
- Bradbury-Jones, C., and Isham, L., “The pandemic paradox: The consequences of Covid19 on domestic violence”, Nursing Clinical Journal. Jul. 29(13-14), 2047-2049, 2020. Doi: 10.1111/jocn.15296
- Weatherall, R., Gavin, M., and Thorbun, N. “Safeguarding women at work? Lessons from Aotearoa New Zealand on effectively implementing domestic violence policies”, Journal of Industrial Relations, 63(4). 568-590, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185621996766
- Malathesh, B. C., S. Das, and S. S. Chatterjee, “Covid-19 and violence against women in the home”, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102227, 2020.
- Noman, A. H. M., M. D. Griffiths, S. Pervin, and M. N. Ismail., “The negative effects of the pandemic of COVID-19 on domestic violence against women”, Journal of Psychiatric Research.134, 111–112, 2021. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.057
- Yong, S. S., & Sia, J. K. M. “COVID-19 and social wellbeing in Malaysia: A case study” Current Psychology, 42(12), 9577-9591, 2023.
- UNICEF., “Examining the Effects of Covid-19 on Vulnerable Children and Families in Malaysia. Impact of Covid-19 on Vulnerable Children and Families in Malaysia.pdf”, 2020, Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/malaysia/media/1916/file/Impact of Covid-19 on Vulnerable Children and Families in Malaysia.pdf.
- Jung, Y. P., “Domestic Violence and Women's Safety During the Covivirus-19 Pandemic. Domestic-Violence-Covid-19.pdf”, 2020, Retrieved from https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Domestic-Violence-Covid-19.pdf
- Riger, S., Ahrens, C., and Blickenstaff, A., “Measuring the interference with employment and education reported by women with violent partners: Preliminary data”, Violence and Victims, 15 (2), 161–172, 2000. Doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.161
- Swanberg, J. E., Logan, T. K., and Macke, C., “Intimate partner violence, employment, and the workplace: Consequences and future directions”, Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 6(4), 286–312, 2005. Doi: 10.1177/1524838005280506
- Weatherall, R., Gavin, M., and N. Thorburn, “Safeguarding women at work? Lessons from Aotearoa New Zealand on how to effectively implement policies regarding domestic violence”, Journal of Industrial Relations, 63(4). 568-590, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185621996766
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- Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., Williams, M. C., Van Dyke, C. E., & O'Leary, S. G., “Using random telephone sampling to recruit generalizable samples for family violence studies”, Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 680–689, 2006. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.680
- Andersson, N., Ho-Foster, A., Mitchell, S., Scheepers, E., & Goldstein, S., “Risk factors for domestic physical violence: national cross-sectional household surveys in eight southern African countries”, BMC Women's Health, 7:11, 2007. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-7-11
- Jewkes, R., Levin, J., & Penn-Kekana, L. “Risk factors for domestic violence: findings from a South African cross-sectional study”, Social science & medicine, 55 9, 1603-17, 2002.
- Robinson, O.C. “Sampling in Interview-Based Qualitative Research”, A Theoretical and Practical Guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11, 25 – 41, 2014. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
- Bell-Martin, R.V., & Marston, J.F. “Confronting Selection Bias: The Normative and Empirical Risks of Data Collection in Violent Contexts”, Geopolitics, 26, 159 – 192, 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1659780
- Bajracharya, A., & Amin, S. “Microcredit and Domestic Violence in Bangladesh: An Exploration of Selection Bias Influences”, Demography, 50, 1819-1843, 2013. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0226-0
- Nagassar, R., Rawlins, J., Sampson, N., Zackerali, J., Chankadyal, K., Ramasir, C., & Boodram, R. “The prevalence of domestic violence within different socio-economic classes in Central Trinidad”, The West Indian Medical Journal, 59(1), 20-5, 2010.
- Kumar, S., Kumar, R. S., & Prabhu, M. G. N. “Sampling framework for personal interviews in qualitative research”, PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 7102-7114, 2020.
- Guest, G., Namey, E., & Chen, M. “A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research”, PloS one, 15(5), e0232076, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newberry Park. Sage Publications Inc
- Maher, A. “Quotations in translation: A case study”, The International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research, 5(2) August, 101-124, 2013.
- Braun, V., and Clarke, V., “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101, 2006. Doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Strauss, A., and Corbin, J., Fundamentals of qualitative research. Sage Publications Inc., 1990.
- Van der Putten, M., and Nur-E-Jannat, A., “Coping with domestic violence: women's voices in Bangladesh”, Journal of Health Studies, 36(1), 77-88, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-02-2020-0026
- Ozcakar, N., Yeşiltepe, G., Karaman, G., and Ergonen, A. T., “Domestic violence survivors and their experiences during the legal process”, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 40, 1–7, 2016. Doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.023
- Su, Z., McDonnell, D., Roth, S., Li, Q., Šegalo, S., Shi, F., and Wagers, S., “Mental health solutions for domestic violence victims amid COVID-19: a review of the literature”, Globalisation and Health, 17(1), 1–11, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00710-7
- Childress, S., Gioia, D., and Campbell, J. C.,“Women’s strategies for coping with the impacts of domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan: A grounded theory study”, Social Work in Health Care, 57(3), 164-189, 2018. Doi: 10.1080/00981389.2017.1412379
- Smith, P. H., C. E. Murray, and A. L. Coker., The coping window: A contextual understanding of the methods women use to cope with battering”, Violence and Victims, 25(1), 18–28, 2010. Doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.25.1.18
- Bellizzi, S, Nivoli, A., Lorettu, L., and Ronzoni, A. R., “Human rights during the Covid-19 pandemic: the issue of female genital mutilations”, Public Health, 185: 53-54, 2020. Doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.037
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- Sharma, K. K., Vatsa, M., Kalaivani, M., and Bhardwaj, D., “Mental health effects of domestic violence against women in Delhi: A community-based study”, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 8(7), 2522, 2019. Doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_427_19
- Trevillion, K., Hughes, B., Feder, G., Borschmann, R., Oram, S., and Howard, L. M., “Disclosure of domestic violence in mental health settings: A qualitative meta-synthesis”, International Review of Psychiatry, 26(4), 430–444, 2014.
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- Verma, R., Balhara, YPS., and Gupta, C. S., “Gender Differences in Stress Response – Role of developmental and biological determinants,” Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 20(1), 4-10, 2011. Doi: 10.4103/0972-6748.98407
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ONE CRISIS WITHIN ANOTHER: COPING WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 221 - 234, 31.10.2024
Norbani Che Ha
,
Rosmawanı Che Hashim
Noorfara Atilia Karim
Sajaratulnısah Othman
Öz
Although Covid-19 has aggravated and initiated mental health concerns to domestic violence (DV) victims, there is a worrying lack of measures meant to DV victims in the context of a pandemic. This study aims to (a) identify and understand the types of domestic violence experienced by women during the pandemic, as well as the consequences in social and work contexts, (b) assess the coping strategies of abuse victims, and (c) identify the gap in government and organizational support for DV victims. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 19 Malaysian women. NVIVO 8 was utilised for thematic analysis. The qualitative findings suggest that there was an increase in gender-based violence in Malaysia during the lockdown, with psychological abuse appearing to be the most prevalent. Despite the difficulties, the majority of victims who were exploited during the lockdown did not report the abuse and instead employed avoidance-based coping mechanisms. Negative passive-avoidance and negative active-avoidance were the most prevalent coping mechanisms. The findings also indicate that eradicating domestic violence would necessitate a broader, more coordinated, and integrated system of government and organizational support.
This is the first study to evaluate the serious impact of domestic violence on working Malaysian women in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis. As a result, it provides a wealth of information and could serve as a firm basis for designing effective psychological interventions for women in countries with similar cultural and societal norms to Malaysia.
Etik Beyan
The University of Malaya Research Ethics Committee approved the study (UM Approval Ethics No. 202181-10429).
Destekleyen Kurum
University of Malaya
Proje Numarası
No: IRG004B-2020HWB
Teşekkür
This work was financially supported by UNIVERSITY MALAYA - IMPACT-ORIENTED INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH GRANT (No: IRG004B-2020HWB).
Kaynakça
- Sánchez, O. R., Vale, D. B., Rodrigues, L., and Surita, F. G., “Violence against women during the COVID‐19 pandemic: An integrative review”, International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 151(2), 180–187, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13365
- Viero, A., Barbara, G., Montisci, M., Kustermann, K., and Cattaneo, C., “Violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic: A literature review and a demand for shared strategies to combat health and social emergencies”, Forensic Science International, 319 (110650), 319, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110650
- Yusof, M. M., Azman, A., Singh, P. S. J., and Yahaya, M. A., “Qualitative investigation into the coping strategies of female victims of victimisation following separation”, Human Rights and Social Work Journal, 7, 84-90, 2022. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-021-00199-5
- Betron, M., Gottert, A., Pulerwitz, J., Shattuck, D., and Stevanovic-Fenn, N., “Men and Covid-19: Adding a gender lens”, The Journal of Global Public Health, 15(7), 1090–1092, 2020. Doi: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1769702
- Moser, C., Gender Planning and Development: Theory, Practice and Training, Routledge, London, 1993.
- McLaren, H. J., Wong, K. R., Nguyen, K. N., and Mahamadachchi, K. N. D., “Covid-19 and women’s triple burden: Vignettes from Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam and Australia”, Social Sciences, 9(5), 87, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9050087
- Anastario, M. P., Larrance, R., and Lawry, L., “Using mental health indicators to identify postdisaster gender-based violence among women displaced by Hurricane Katrina”, Journal of Women’s Health, 17(9), 1437–1444, 2008. Doi: 10.1089/jwh.2007.0694
- Harville, E. W., Taylor, C. A., Tesfai, H., Xiong, X., and Buekens, P., “Experience of Hurricane Katrina and reported intimate partner violence”, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(4), pp. 833–845, 2011. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510365861
- John, N., Casey, S. E., Carino, G., and McGovern, T.., “Lessons never learned: crisis and gender‐based violence”, Developing World Bioethics, 20(2), 65–68, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dewb.12261
- First, J. M., First, N. L., and Houston, J. B., “Intimate partner violence and disasters: A framework for empowering women experiencing violence in disaster settings”, Affilia, 32(3), 390–403, 2017. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109917706338
- International Health Organisation (2020b), “The Director-General's introductory remarks at the Covid-19 media briefing”, Retrieved from the WHO website at https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-Covid-19, 11-march-2020.
- Yahya, A. S., Khawaja, S., and Chukwuma, J., “Association of COVID-19 with intimate partner violence”, The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 22 (3), 27392, 2020. Doi: 10.4088/PCC.20com02634
- Neil, J., “Domestic violence and HIV prevalence 19”, Australian General Practitioners Journal, 2020, Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20201105235027id_/https://www1.racgp.org.au/getattachment/6f14564c-e1ef-447d-b920-303ba93d0cac/Domestic-violence-and-COVID-19.aspx
- Mahase E., “Covid-19: EU states report 60% rise in emergency calls about domestic violence” BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online) 369, pmid: 32393463, 2020.
- Bradbury-Jones, C., and Isham, L., “The pandemic paradox: The consequences of Covid19 on domestic violence”, Nursing Clinical Journal. Jul. 29(13-14), 2047-2049, 2020. Doi: 10.1111/jocn.15296
- Weatherall, R., Gavin, M., and Thorbun, N. “Safeguarding women at work? Lessons from Aotearoa New Zealand on effectively implementing domestic violence policies”, Journal of Industrial Relations, 63(4). 568-590, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185621996766
- Malathesh, B. C., S. Das, and S. S. Chatterjee, “Covid-19 and violence against women in the home”, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102227, 2020.
- Noman, A. H. M., M. D. Griffiths, S. Pervin, and M. N. Ismail., “The negative effects of the pandemic of COVID-19 on domestic violence against women”, Journal of Psychiatric Research.134, 111–112, 2021. Doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.057
- Yong, S. S., & Sia, J. K. M. “COVID-19 and social wellbeing in Malaysia: A case study” Current Psychology, 42(12), 9577-9591, 2023.
- UNICEF., “Examining the Effects of Covid-19 on Vulnerable Children and Families in Malaysia. Impact of Covid-19 on Vulnerable Children and Families in Malaysia.pdf”, 2020, Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/malaysia/media/1916/file/Impact of Covid-19 on Vulnerable Children and Families in Malaysia.pdf.
- Jung, Y. P., “Domestic Violence and Women's Safety During the Covivirus-19 Pandemic. Domestic-Violence-Covid-19.pdf”, 2020, Retrieved from https://penanginstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Domestic-Violence-Covid-19.pdf
- Riger, S., Ahrens, C., and Blickenstaff, A., “Measuring the interference with employment and education reported by women with violent partners: Preliminary data”, Violence and Victims, 15 (2), 161–172, 2000. Doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.15.2.161
- Swanberg, J. E., Logan, T. K., and Macke, C., “Intimate partner violence, employment, and the workplace: Consequences and future directions”, Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 6(4), 286–312, 2005. Doi: 10.1177/1524838005280506
- Weatherall, R., Gavin, M., and N. Thorburn, “Safeguarding women at work? Lessons from Aotearoa New Zealand on how to effectively implement policies regarding domestic violence”, Journal of Industrial Relations, 63(4). 568-590, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022185621996766
- Polit, D., & Beck, C. Essentials of nursing research. Ethics, 23(2),145-160, 2012.
- Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E., Williams, M. C., Van Dyke, C. E., & O'Leary, S. G., “Using random telephone sampling to recruit generalizable samples for family violence studies”, Journal of Family Psychology, 20(4), 680–689, 2006. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.680
- Andersson, N., Ho-Foster, A., Mitchell, S., Scheepers, E., & Goldstein, S., “Risk factors for domestic physical violence: national cross-sectional household surveys in eight southern African countries”, BMC Women's Health, 7:11, 2007. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-7-11
- Jewkes, R., Levin, J., & Penn-Kekana, L. “Risk factors for domestic violence: findings from a South African cross-sectional study”, Social science & medicine, 55 9, 1603-17, 2002.
- Robinson, O.C. “Sampling in Interview-Based Qualitative Research”, A Theoretical and Practical Guide. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11, 25 – 41, 2014. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.801543
- Bell-Martin, R.V., & Marston, J.F. “Confronting Selection Bias: The Normative and Empirical Risks of Data Collection in Violent Contexts”, Geopolitics, 26, 159 – 192, 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2019.1659780
- Bajracharya, A., & Amin, S. “Microcredit and Domestic Violence in Bangladesh: An Exploration of Selection Bias Influences”, Demography, 50, 1819-1843, 2013. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0226-0
- Nagassar, R., Rawlins, J., Sampson, N., Zackerali, J., Chankadyal, K., Ramasir, C., & Boodram, R. “The prevalence of domestic violence within different socio-economic classes in Central Trinidad”, The West Indian Medical Journal, 59(1), 20-5, 2010.
- Kumar, S., Kumar, R. S., & Prabhu, M. G. N. “Sampling framework for personal interviews in qualitative research”, PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 17(7), 7102-7114, 2020.
- Guest, G., Namey, E., & Chen, M. “A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research”, PloS one, 15(5), e0232076, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newberry Park. Sage Publications Inc
- Maher, A. “Quotations in translation: A case study”, The International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research, 5(2) August, 101-124, 2013.
- Braun, V., and Clarke, V., “Using thematic analysis in psychology”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101, 2006. Doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Strauss, A., and Corbin, J., Fundamentals of qualitative research. Sage Publications Inc., 1990.
- Van der Putten, M., and Nur-E-Jannat, A., “Coping with domestic violence: women's voices in Bangladesh”, Journal of Health Studies, 36(1), 77-88, 2020. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-02-2020-0026
- Ozcakar, N., Yeşiltepe, G., Karaman, G., and Ergonen, A. T., “Domestic violence survivors and their experiences during the legal process”, Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 40, 1–7, 2016. Doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.023
- Su, Z., McDonnell, D., Roth, S., Li, Q., Šegalo, S., Shi, F., and Wagers, S., “Mental health solutions for domestic violence victims amid COVID-19: a review of the literature”, Globalisation and Health, 17(1), 1–11, 2021. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00710-7
- Childress, S., Gioia, D., and Campbell, J. C.,“Women’s strategies for coping with the impacts of domestic violence in Kyrgyzstan: A grounded theory study”, Social Work in Health Care, 57(3), 164-189, 2018. Doi: 10.1080/00981389.2017.1412379
- Smith, P. H., C. E. Murray, and A. L. Coker., The coping window: A contextual understanding of the methods women use to cope with battering”, Violence and Victims, 25(1), 18–28, 2010. Doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.25.1.18
- Bellizzi, S, Nivoli, A., Lorettu, L., and Ronzoni, A. R., “Human rights during the Covid-19 pandemic: the issue of female genital mutilations”, Public Health, 185: 53-54, 2020. Doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.037
- Sediri, S., Zgueb, Y., Ouanes, S., Ouali, U., Bourgou, S., Jomli, R., and Nacef, F., “Women’s mental health: acute impact of COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence”, Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 23(6), 749-756, 2020. Doi: 10.1007/s00737-020-01082-4
- Sharma, K. K., Vatsa, M., Kalaivani, M., and Bhardwaj, D., “Mental health effects of domestic violence against women in Delhi: A community-based study”, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 8(7), 2522, 2019. Doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_427_19
- Trevillion, K., Hughes, B., Feder, G., Borschmann, R., Oram, S., and Howard, L. M., “Disclosure of domestic violence in mental health settings: A qualitative meta-synthesis”, International Review of Psychiatry, 26(4), 430–444, 2014.
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