<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>int j. life sci. biotechnol.</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-4621</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>International Society of Academicians</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.38001/ijlsb.1797944</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Evaluation of Paclitaxel and Cisplatin Combinations in TNBC: A Strategy to Enhance Efficacy and Minimize Exposure</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Üçlü Negatif Meme Kanserinde Paklitaksel ve Sisplatin Kombinasyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kısa Süre ve Yüksek Etkinlik Stratejisi</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-7219</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çamlı Pulat</surname>
                                    <given-names>Çisil</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-4373</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Atmaca</surname>
                                    <given-names>Harika</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>MANISA CELAL BAYAR UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260416">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>16</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>261</fpage>
                                        <lpage>269</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251006">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260220">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018, International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited therapeutic options due to the lack of hormone and HER2 receptors. Conventional chemotherapies such as cisplatin and paclitaxel remain important treatment options, but their efficacy is often limited by toxicity and resistance.This study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and paclitaxel on TNBC cell lines, with a focus on identifying synergistic interactions that could enhance efficacy while reducing exposure time. Two TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and 4T1) and one non-cancerous human cell line (HEK293) were treated with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (1–25 µM) and paclitaxel (0.005–0.5 µM) for 24, 48, and 72h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and IC₅₀ values were calculated. Drug combinations were evaluated at 24 and 48 hours using the Chou–Talalay method and CompuSyn software to determine the combination index (CI).Both cisplatin and paclitaxel showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity. Combination treatments demonstrated synergistic effects (CI  &amp;lt; 1) in both TNBC cell lines. Importantly, comparable or enhanced cytotoxicity was achieved at 48 hours compared to 72-hour single-drug treatments. The combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel induces rapid and synergistic cytotoxic effects in TNBC cell lines, potentially allowing for shorter treatment durations that could minimize side effects. These findings support further investigation of this combination as a promising strategy in TNBC therapy.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Üçlü negatif meme kanseri (TNBC), hormon ve HER2 reseptörlerinin bulunmaması nedeniyle sınırlı tedavi seçeneklerine sahip, agresif bir meme kanseri alt tipidir. Cisplatin ve paklitaksel gibi geleneksel kemoterapi ajanları hâlen en yaygın kullanılan tedaviler arasında yer almakla birlikte, etkinlikleri sıklıkla toksisite ve ilaç direnci ile kısıtlanmaktadır.Bu çalışma, TNBC hücre hatlarında cisplatin ve paklitakselin bireysel ve kombinasyon halinde sitotoksik etkilerini değerlendirmeyi, özellikle de etkinliği artırırken maruziyet süresini azaltabilecek sinerjik etkileşimleri belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. İki TNBC hücre hattı (MDA-MB-231 ve 4T1) ile bir non-kanseröz insan hücre hattı (HEK293), artan konsantrasyonlarda cisplatin (1–25 µM) ve paklitaksel (0.005–0.5 µM) ile 24, 48 ve 72 saat süreyle muamele edilmiştir. Hücre canlılığı MTT testi ile değerlendirilmiş, IC₅₀ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. İlaç kombinasyonları 24 ve 48 saat inkübasyon sonrası Chou–Talalay yöntemi ve CompuSyn yazılımı kullanılarak Kombinasyon İndeksi (CI) açısından analiz edilmiştir.Hem cisplatin hem de paklitaksel, doza ve zamana bağlı sitotoksisite göstermiştir. Kombinasyon tedavileri her iki TNBC hücre hattında da sinerjik etki (CI  &amp;lt; 1) ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, 48 saatlik kombinasyon uygulamalarında 72 saatlik tek ilaç tedavileriyle karşılaştırılabilir hatta daha yüksek sitotoksisite elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, cisplatin ve paklitaksel kombinasyonlarının TNBC hücrelerinde hızlı ve sinerjik sitotoksik yanıtlar oluşturabileceğini, böylece yan etkileri en aza indirecek şekilde daha kısa tedavi sürelerine olanak sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bulgular, bu kombinasyonun TNBC tedavisinde umut verici bir terapötik strateji olarak daha ileri araştırmalarla değerlendirilmesi için bilimsel bir temel sunmaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>triple-negative breast cancer</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cisplatin</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  paclitaxel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  drug combination</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cytotoxicity</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  synergy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MDA-MB-231</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  4T1</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>üçlü negatif meme kanseri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ilaç kombinasyonu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sitotoksisite</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sinerji</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MDA-MB-231</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  4T1</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  paklitaksel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sisplatin</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Manisa Celal Bayar University</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                    </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">1.	Sung, H., et al., Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2021. 71(3): p. 209-249.
2.	Bianchini, G., J.M. Balko, I.A. Mayer, M.E. Sanders, and L. Gianni, Triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and opportunities of a heterogeneous disease. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 2016. 13(11): p. 674-690.
3.	Waks, A.G. and E.P. Winer, Breast cancer treatment: A review. JAMA, 2019. 321(3): p. 288-300.
4.	Lehmann, B.D., et al., Identification of human triple-negative breast cancer subtypes and preclinical models for selection of targeted therapies. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2011. 121(7): p. 2750-2767.
5.	Nedeljković, M. and A. Damjanović, Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer-how we can rise to the challenge. Cells, 2019. 8(9): p. 957.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
