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Antioxidant Activities of Bingöl Royal Jelly on SH-SY5Y Cells

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 61 - 69, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.47947/ijnls.1008223

Öz

Royal Jelly is a bee product with high protein content is a unique nutrient for the queen honeybee. It leads to a substantial elongation of the lifetime of the queen in comparison to the worker honeybees via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Flavonoids naturally have reported to have anticancer activities thanks to their potent antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of RJ is attributed to its rich flavonoid content however anti-oxidant activities of the Bingöl RJ has yet to be explored in detail. The goal of the current study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of Bingöl RJ on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The results of our study revealed that Bingöl RJ at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml significantly augmented ROS level in SH-SY5Y cells while 0.5 mg/ml of RJ had almost no effect on ROS levels. The levels of malondialdehyde in SH-SY5Y cells considerably increased in the presence of 0.3 mg/ml RJ while 0.5 mg/ml RJ had no significant impact on MDA levels in SH-SY5Y cells. The results showed that RJ treatment 0.3 mg/ml) significantly lowered the activities of SOD and CAT activity while 0.5 mg/ml of RJ had negligible effect indicating that RJ could protect the cell membranes from radical mediated cell injuries.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bingol University

Proje Numarası

Project Number: 2017K124000-BÜBAP-PİKOM-Arı.2018.001

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by Presidency of The Republic of Turkey Strategy and Budget Presidency (Former Development Ministry), coordinated by Council of Higher Education and organized by The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Bingol University (Project Number: 2017K124000-BÜBAP-PİKOM-Arı.2018.001).

Kaynakça

  • Abotaleb, M., Samuel, S. M., Varghese, E., Varghese, S., Kubatka, P., Liskova, A., & Büsselberg, D. (2019). Flavonoids in cancer and apoptosis. Cancers, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010028
  • Ayala, A., Muñoz, M. F., & Argüelles, S. (2014). Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 36043.
  • Ayna, A. (2020). Apoptotic effects of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 48(3), 211-218.
  • Ayna, A. (2021). Caffeic acid prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cell line through mitigation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy, 122(2), 120-124.
  • Ayna, A., Özbolat, S. N., & Darendelioglu, E. (2020). Quercetin, chrysin, caffeic acid and ferulic acid ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced toxicities in SH-SY5Y cells. Molecular Biology Reports, 47(11), 8535-8543.
  • Caglayan, C., Kandemir, F. M., Darendelioğlu, E., Küçükler, S., & Ayna, A. (2021). Hesperidin protects liver and kidney against sodium fluoride-induced toxicity through anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic mechanisms. Life Sciences, 119730.
  • Chan, W. H., Wu, C. C., & Yu, J. S. (2003). Curcumin inhibits UV irradiation‐induced oxidative stress and apoptotic biochemical changes in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 90(2), 327-338.
  • Du, X., Shi, Z., Peng, Z., Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Li, X. (2017). Acetoacetate induces hepatocytes apoptosis by the ROS‐mediated MAPKs pathway in ketotic cows. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 232(12), 3296-3308.
  • Fratini, F., Cilia, G., Mancini, S., & Felicioli, A. (2016). Royal Jelly: An ancient remedy with remarkable antibacterial properties. Microbiological Research, 192, 130-141.
  • Fujiwara, S., Imai, J., Fujiwara, M., Yaeshima, T., Kawashima, T., & Kobayashi, K. (1990). A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265(19), 11333-11337.
  • Gismondi, A., Trionfera, E., Canuti, L., Di Marco, G., & Canini, A. (2017). Royal jelly lipophilic fraction induces antiproliferative effects on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Oncology Reports, 38(3), 1833-1844.
  • Hameed, A., Fatima, G. R., Malik, K., Muqadas, A., & Fazal-ur-Rehman, M. (2019). Scope of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Dermatology and Skin Care Products. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 2, 9-16.
  • Hu, F. L., Bíliková, K., Casabianca, H., Daniele, G., Salmen Espindola, F., Feng, M., & Li, L. (2019). Standard methods for Apis mellifera royal jelly research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 58(2), 1-68.
  • Ighodaro, O. M., & Akinloye, O. A. (2018). First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54(4), 287-293.
  • Jacquemin, G., Margiotta, D., Kasahara, A., Bassoy, E. Y., Walch, M., Thiery, J., Lieberman J., & Martinvalet, D. (2015). Granzyme B-induced mitochondrial ROS are required for apoptosis. Cell Death and Differentiation, 22(5), 862-874. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2014.180
  • Jelic, M. D., Mandic, A. D., Maricic, S. M., & Srdjenovic, B. U. (2021). Oxidative stress and its role in cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 17, 22-28.
  • Kluck, R. M., Bossy-Wetzel, E., Green, D. R., & Newmeyer, D. D. (1997). The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science, 275(5303), 1132-1136.
  • Kocot, J., Kiełczykowska, M., Luchowska-Kocot, D., Kurzepa, J., & Musik, I. (2018). Antioxidant potential of propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly: possible medical application. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 7074209.
  • Kolayli, S., Sahin, H., Can, Z., Yildiz, O., Malkoc, M., & Asadov, A. (2016). A member of complementary medicinal food: anatolian royal jellies, their chemical compositions, and antioxidant properties. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 21(4), 43-48.
  • Kucukler, S., Benzer, F., Yildirim, S., Gur, C., Kandemir, F. M., Bengu, A. S., & Dortbudak, M. B. (2021). Protective effects of chrysin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lead acetate in rat kidneys: a biochemical and histopathological approach. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(4), 1501-1514.
  • Kucukler, S., Darendelioğlu, E., Caglayan, C., Ayna, A., Yıldırım, S., & Kandemir, F. M. (2020). Zingerone attenuates vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Life Sciences, 259, 118382.
  • Liu, J. R., Yang, Y. C., Shi, L. S., & Peng, C. C. (2008). Antioxidant properties of royal jelly associated with larval age and time of harvest. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(23), 11447-11452.
  • Louis, C. U., & Shohet, J. M. (2015). Neuroblastoma: molecular pathogenesis and therapy. Annual Review of Medicine, 66, 49-63.
  • Malka, O., Karunker, I., Yeheskel, A., Morin, S., & Hefetz, A. (2009). The gene road to royalty–differential expression of hydroxylating genes in the mandibular glands of the honeybee. The FEBS Journal, 276(19), 5481-5490.
  • Maris, J. M. (2010). Recent advances in neuroblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(23), 2202-2211.
  • Melliou, E., & Chinou, I. (2005). Chemistry and bioactivity of royal jelly from Greece. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(23), 8987-8992.
  • Miyata, Y., & Sakai, H. (2018). Anti-cancer and protective effects of royal jelly for therapy-induced toxicities in malignancies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 3270.
  • Nakajima, Y., Tsuruma, K., Shimazawa, M., Mishima, S., & Hara, H. (2009). Comparison of bee products based on assays of antioxidant capacities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9(1), 4-13.
  • Özbolat, S. N., & Ayna, A. (2021). Chrysin suppresses HT-29 cell death induced by diclofenac through apoptosis and oxidative damage. Nutrition and Cancer, 73(8), 1419-1428.
  • Pan, Y., Rong, Y., You, M., Ma, Q., Chen, M., & Hu, F. (2019). Royal jelly causes hypotension and vasodilation induced by increasing nitric oxide production. Food Science and Nutrition, 7(4), 1361-1370.
  • Park, M. J., Kim, B. Y., Park, H. G., Deng, Y., Yoon, H. J., Choi, Y. S., & Jin, B. R. (2019). Major royal jelly protein 2 acts as an antimicrobial agent and antioxidant in royal jelly. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 22(3), 684-689.
  • Pasupuleti, V. R., Sammugam, L., Ramesh, N., & Gan, S. H. (2017). Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: a comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 1259510.
  • Pfeffer, C. M., & Singh, A. T. (2018). Apoptosis: a target for anticancer therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2), 448-457.
  • Porta, C., Levy, A., Hawkins, R., Castellano, D., Bellmunt, J., Nathan, P., & Vekeman, F. (2014). Impact of adverse events, treatment modifications, and dose intensity on survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first‐line sunitinib: a medical chart review across ten centers in five European countries. Cancer Medicine, 3(6), 1517-1526.
  • Premratanachai, P., & Chanchao, C. (2014). Review of the anticancer activities of bee products. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(5), 337-344.
  • Ramadan, M. F., & Al-Ghamdi, A. (2012). Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 39-52.
  • Ramanathan, A. N. K. G., Nair, A. J., & Sugunan, V. S. (2018). A review on Royal Jelly proteins and peptides. Journal of Functional Foods, 44, 255-264.
  • Rossé, T., Olivier, R., Monney, L., Rager, M., Conus, S., Fellay, I.,& Borner, C. (1998). Bcl-2 prolongs cell survival after Bax-induced release of cytochrome c. Nature, 391(6666), 496.
  • Sabatini, A. G., Marcazzan, G. L., Caboni, M. F., Bogdanov, S., & Almeida-Muradian, L. B. D. (2009). Quality and standardisation of royal jelly. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science, 1(1), 1-6.
  • Silici, S. (2019). Honeybee Products and Apitherapy. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(9), 1249-1262.
  • Viuda‐Martos, M., Ruiz‐Navajas, Y., Fernández‐López, J., & Pérez‐Álvarez, J. A. (2008). Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. Journal of Food Science, 73(9), 117-124.
  • Wang, I. K., Lin-Shiau, S. Y., & Lin, J. K. (1999). Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells. European Journal of Cancer, 35(10), 1517-1525.
  • Yanagita, M., Kojima, Y., Mori, K., Yamada, S., & Murakami, S. (2011). Osteoinductive and anti-inflammatory effect of royal jelly on periodontal ligament cells. Biomedical Research, 32(4), 285-291.
  • Yang, J., Liu, X., Bhalla, K., Kim, C. N., Ibrado, A. M., Cai, J., & Wang, X. (1997). Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science, 275(5303), 1129-1132.
  • Yeung, Y. T., & Argüelles, S. (2019). Bee Products: Royal Jelly and Propolis. In: Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Academic Press: 475-448.
  • Yin, L., Han, H., Zheng, X., Wang, G., Li, Y., & Wang, W. (2019). Flavonoids analysis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of crude and purified extracts from Veronicastrum latifolium. Industrial Crops and Products, 137, 652-661.
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 61 - 69, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.47947/ijnls.1008223

Öz

Proje Numarası

Project Number: 2017K124000-BÜBAP-PİKOM-Arı.2018.001

Kaynakça

  • Abotaleb, M., Samuel, S. M., Varghese, E., Varghese, S., Kubatka, P., Liskova, A., & Büsselberg, D. (2019). Flavonoids in cancer and apoptosis. Cancers, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11010028
  • Ayala, A., Muñoz, M. F., & Argüelles, S. (2014). Lipid peroxidation: production, metabolism, and signaling mechanisms of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 36043.
  • Ayna, A. (2020). Apoptotic effects of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 48(3), 211-218.
  • Ayna, A. (2021). Caffeic acid prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cell line through mitigation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy, 122(2), 120-124.
  • Ayna, A., Özbolat, S. N., & Darendelioglu, E. (2020). Quercetin, chrysin, caffeic acid and ferulic acid ameliorate cyclophosphamide-induced toxicities in SH-SY5Y cells. Molecular Biology Reports, 47(11), 8535-8543.
  • Caglayan, C., Kandemir, F. M., Darendelioğlu, E., Küçükler, S., & Ayna, A. (2021). Hesperidin protects liver and kidney against sodium fluoride-induced toxicity through anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic mechanisms. Life Sciences, 119730.
  • Chan, W. H., Wu, C. C., & Yu, J. S. (2003). Curcumin inhibits UV irradiation‐induced oxidative stress and apoptotic biochemical changes in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 90(2), 327-338.
  • Du, X., Shi, Z., Peng, Z., Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., & Li, X. (2017). Acetoacetate induces hepatocytes apoptosis by the ROS‐mediated MAPKs pathway in ketotic cows. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 232(12), 3296-3308.
  • Fratini, F., Cilia, G., Mancini, S., & Felicioli, A. (2016). Royal Jelly: An ancient remedy with remarkable antibacterial properties. Microbiological Research, 192, 130-141.
  • Fujiwara, S., Imai, J., Fujiwara, M., Yaeshima, T., Kawashima, T., & Kobayashi, K. (1990). A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 265(19), 11333-11337.
  • Gismondi, A., Trionfera, E., Canuti, L., Di Marco, G., & Canini, A. (2017). Royal jelly lipophilic fraction induces antiproliferative effects on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Oncology Reports, 38(3), 1833-1844.
  • Hameed, A., Fatima, G. R., Malik, K., Muqadas, A., & Fazal-ur-Rehman, M. (2019). Scope of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Dermatology and Skin Care Products. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 2, 9-16.
  • Hu, F. L., Bíliková, K., Casabianca, H., Daniele, G., Salmen Espindola, F., Feng, M., & Li, L. (2019). Standard methods for Apis mellifera royal jelly research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 58(2), 1-68.
  • Ighodaro, O. M., & Akinloye, O. A. (2018). First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 54(4), 287-293.
  • Jacquemin, G., Margiotta, D., Kasahara, A., Bassoy, E. Y., Walch, M., Thiery, J., Lieberman J., & Martinvalet, D. (2015). Granzyme B-induced mitochondrial ROS are required for apoptosis. Cell Death and Differentiation, 22(5), 862-874. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2014.180
  • Jelic, M. D., Mandic, A. D., Maricic, S. M., & Srdjenovic, B. U. (2021). Oxidative stress and its role in cancer. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 17, 22-28.
  • Kluck, R. M., Bossy-Wetzel, E., Green, D. R., & Newmeyer, D. D. (1997). The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science, 275(5303), 1132-1136.
  • Kocot, J., Kiełczykowska, M., Luchowska-Kocot, D., Kurzepa, J., & Musik, I. (2018). Antioxidant potential of propolis, bee pollen, and royal jelly: possible medical application. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 7074209.
  • Kolayli, S., Sahin, H., Can, Z., Yildiz, O., Malkoc, M., & Asadov, A. (2016). A member of complementary medicinal food: anatolian royal jellies, their chemical compositions, and antioxidant properties. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 21(4), 43-48.
  • Kucukler, S., Benzer, F., Yildirim, S., Gur, C., Kandemir, F. M., Bengu, A. S., & Dortbudak, M. B. (2021). Protective effects of chrysin against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by lead acetate in rat kidneys: a biochemical and histopathological approach. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(4), 1501-1514.
  • Kucukler, S., Darendelioğlu, E., Caglayan, C., Ayna, A., Yıldırım, S., & Kandemir, F. M. (2020). Zingerone attenuates vancomycin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats through regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Life Sciences, 259, 118382.
  • Liu, J. R., Yang, Y. C., Shi, L. S., & Peng, C. C. (2008). Antioxidant properties of royal jelly associated with larval age and time of harvest. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(23), 11447-11452.
  • Louis, C. U., & Shohet, J. M. (2015). Neuroblastoma: molecular pathogenesis and therapy. Annual Review of Medicine, 66, 49-63.
  • Malka, O., Karunker, I., Yeheskel, A., Morin, S., & Hefetz, A. (2009). The gene road to royalty–differential expression of hydroxylating genes in the mandibular glands of the honeybee. The FEBS Journal, 276(19), 5481-5490.
  • Maris, J. M. (2010). Recent advances in neuroblastoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 362(23), 2202-2211.
  • Melliou, E., & Chinou, I. (2005). Chemistry and bioactivity of royal jelly from Greece. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(23), 8987-8992.
  • Miyata, Y., & Sakai, H. (2018). Anti-cancer and protective effects of royal jelly for therapy-induced toxicities in malignancies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(10), 3270.
  • Nakajima, Y., Tsuruma, K., Shimazawa, M., Mishima, S., & Hara, H. (2009). Comparison of bee products based on assays of antioxidant capacities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9(1), 4-13.
  • Özbolat, S. N., & Ayna, A. (2021). Chrysin suppresses HT-29 cell death induced by diclofenac through apoptosis and oxidative damage. Nutrition and Cancer, 73(8), 1419-1428.
  • Pan, Y., Rong, Y., You, M., Ma, Q., Chen, M., & Hu, F. (2019). Royal jelly causes hypotension and vasodilation induced by increasing nitric oxide production. Food Science and Nutrition, 7(4), 1361-1370.
  • Park, M. J., Kim, B. Y., Park, H. G., Deng, Y., Yoon, H. J., Choi, Y. S., & Jin, B. R. (2019). Major royal jelly protein 2 acts as an antimicrobial agent and antioxidant in royal jelly. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 22(3), 684-689.
  • Pasupuleti, V. R., Sammugam, L., Ramesh, N., & Gan, S. H. (2017). Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: a comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 1259510.
  • Pfeffer, C. M., & Singh, A. T. (2018). Apoptosis: a target for anticancer therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2), 448-457.
  • Porta, C., Levy, A., Hawkins, R., Castellano, D., Bellmunt, J., Nathan, P., & Vekeman, F. (2014). Impact of adverse events, treatment modifications, and dose intensity on survival among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first‐line sunitinib: a medical chart review across ten centers in five European countries. Cancer Medicine, 3(6), 1517-1526.
  • Premratanachai, P., & Chanchao, C. (2014). Review of the anticancer activities of bee products. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(5), 337-344.
  • Ramadan, M. F., & Al-Ghamdi, A. (2012). Bioactive compounds and health-promoting properties of royal jelly: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 4(1), 39-52.
  • Ramanathan, A. N. K. G., Nair, A. J., & Sugunan, V. S. (2018). A review on Royal Jelly proteins and peptides. Journal of Functional Foods, 44, 255-264.
  • Rossé, T., Olivier, R., Monney, L., Rager, M., Conus, S., Fellay, I.,& Borner, C. (1998). Bcl-2 prolongs cell survival after Bax-induced release of cytochrome c. Nature, 391(6666), 496.
  • Sabatini, A. G., Marcazzan, G. L., Caboni, M. F., Bogdanov, S., & Almeida-Muradian, L. B. D. (2009). Quality and standardisation of royal jelly. Journal of ApiProduct and ApiMedical Science, 1(1), 1-6.
  • Silici, S. (2019). Honeybee Products and Apitherapy. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(9), 1249-1262.
  • Viuda‐Martos, M., Ruiz‐Navajas, Y., Fernández‐López, J., & Pérez‐Álvarez, J. A. (2008). Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. Journal of Food Science, 73(9), 117-124.
  • Wang, I. K., Lin-Shiau, S. Y., & Lin, J. K. (1999). Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells. European Journal of Cancer, 35(10), 1517-1525.
  • Yanagita, M., Kojima, Y., Mori, K., Yamada, S., & Murakami, S. (2011). Osteoinductive and anti-inflammatory effect of royal jelly on periodontal ligament cells. Biomedical Research, 32(4), 285-291.
  • Yang, J., Liu, X., Bhalla, K., Kim, C. N., Ibrado, A. M., Cai, J., & Wang, X. (1997). Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science, 275(5303), 1129-1132.
  • Yeung, Y. T., & Argüelles, S. (2019). Bee Products: Royal Jelly and Propolis. In: Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements. Academic Press: 475-448.
  • Yin, L., Han, H., Zheng, X., Wang, G., Li, Y., & Wang, W. (2019). Flavonoids analysis and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities of crude and purified extracts from Veronicastrum latifolium. Industrial Crops and Products, 137, 652-661.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyokimya ve Hücre Biyolojisi (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Eray Çalışkan 0000-0003-2399-4100

Adnan Ayna 0000-0001-6801-6242

Abdullah Tunç 0000-0002-2378-5897

Sedanur Özbolat 0000-0001-7597-5388

A. Şükrü Bengü 0000-0002-7635-4855

Gürkan Aykutoğlu 0000-0002-5225-9845

Mehmet Çiftci 0000-0003-4971-4242

Ekrem Darendelioğlu 0000-0002-0630-4086

Proje Numarası Project Number: 2017K124000-BÜBAP-PİKOM-Arı.2018.001
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ekim 2021
Kabul Tarihi 6 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Çalışkan, E., Ayna, A., Tunç, A., Özbolat, S., vd. (2021). Antioxidant Activities of Bingöl Royal Jelly on SH-SY5Y Cells. International Journal of Nature and Life Sciences, 5(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.47947/ijnls.1008223

Cited By