TiB2-VC Tozu ile Kaplanan St52 Çeliğinin Mikroyapı ve Aşınma Davranışlarının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Çeliklerde aşınmaya bağlı olarak zamanla hasarlar meydana gelmektedir. Bu hasarlar kaplama yöntemleri ile giderilebilir. Bu çalışmada yüzey aşınma direnci düşük St 52 çelik yüzeyi TiB2 matris içerisinde ağırlıkça %1 ve %5 VC (Vanadyum Karbür) ilave edilerek hazırlanan TiB2-VC karışım tozu kullanılarak TIG(Tungsten Inert Gas) yöntemi ile kaplanmıştır. Kaplama ve alt tabaka arasında mükemmel bir ara yüz oluşması metalurjik olarak iyi bir bağlanmanın gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Oluşan karbür ve borür fazlarının sayesinde mikrosertlik değeri ve aşınma direnci artmıştır. Mikro-sertlik ölçümlerinde C2 numunesinde kaplama bölgesinde 1291 HV0.5, C1 numunesinde ise kaplama bölgesinde 1193 HV0.5 ölçülmüştür. Aşınma di-renci mikrosertlik artışı ile bağlantılı olarak en düşük C2 numunesinde elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

• St52
• TIG
• TiB2-VC
• Mikroyapı
• Aşınma

Investigation of Microstructure and Wear Behavior of St52 Steel Coated with TiB2-VC Powder

Abstract

In steels, damage occurs over time due to wear. These damages can be repaired using coating methods. In this study, the surface of St 52 steel, which has low wear resistance, was coated using the TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) method with a TiB₂-VC mixed powder. This powder was prepared by adding 1% and 5% VC into a TiB₂ matrix. A perfect interface formed between the coating and the substrate, indicating a good metallurgical bond. Due to the formation of carbide and boride phases, microhardness and wear resistance increased. In microhardness measurements, the coating region of sample C2 had a value of 1291 HV0.5, while the coating region of sample C1 showed 1193 HV0.5. As a result of the increase in microhardness, the highest wear resistance was obtained in sample C2.

Keywords

• St52
• TIG
• TiB2-VC
• Microstructure
• Wear

References

1. S. Islak, C. Özorak, C.T. Sezgin ve M. Akkaş, “Effect of boron on micro structure and microhardness properties of Mo-Si-B based coatings produced viatig process”, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 1234–1241, Sep. 2016. doi: 10.1515/amm-2016-0248.
2. E. Ünal, A. Yaşar ve I.H. Karahan, “Ni-B/TiB2 Elektrodepolanmış kompozit kaplamaların korozyon dayanımlarının belirlenmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 709–718, 2021.
3. A.A. Oleiwi ve A.S.J. Jilabi, “The Effects of travel speed of tungsten ınert gas cladding of tungsten carbide and nickel composites on the microstructure of stainless steel”, Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 123–131, 2024. doi: 10.12913/22998624/188642.
4. M. Kılıç ve E. Korkmaz, “Kaplama kalınlığına parametrelerin etkisi”, Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 28–35, 2023.
5. S. Özel, “Microstructure and mechanical properties of HVOF sprayed WC-Co/NiCrBSi, Cr3C2 coatings on Al alloys”, Materials Testing, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 694–700, 2013.
6. S. Özel ve E. Vural, “The microstructure and hardness properties of plasma sprayed Cr2O3/Al2O3 coatings”, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, vol. 18, no. 11–12, pp. 1052–1056, 2016.
7. H. Durmuş, N. Çömez, C. Gül, M Yuddaşkal, ve R.O. Uzun, “Ferromolibden ve ferrobor takviyeli lazer kaplamaların aşınma karakteristiği ve mikroyapısı”, Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1009–1017, 2019.
8. S. Buytoz, M. Kilic, ve C. Carboga, “Microstructure and wear behaviour of Ni-based/TiC composite coating”, International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, 16(1), 71-90, 2022.

9. A. Imak, I. Kirik, ve M. Kilic, “Comparison of microstructure and wear behaviors of PTA coated AISI 304 with alumina, boron and ekaboron III powder”, Materials Testing, 64(4), 541-549, 2022.
10. M. Aslam, G.K. Chandan, ve B.K. Kanchan, “ Development of SiC ceramic reinforced composite interlayer cladding with AISI304 stainless steel wire on low carbon steel substrate using TIG cladding process”, Silicon, 15(18), 7733-7743, 2023.
11. M.S. Alam, ve A.K. Das, “Research progress in gas tungsten arc cladding on steel: a critical review”, in Recent Advances in Manufacturing Processes and Systems: Select Proceedings of RAM 2021, 859-867, Singapore: Springer, 2022, pp. 859–867. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-7787-8_68.
12. D. Ke, Y. Pan, Y. Xu, P. Wang, ve R. Wu, “VC and Cr3C2 doped WCoB-TiC ceramic composites prepared by hot-pressing”, International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, vol. 68, pp. 24–28, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2017.08.041.
13. F. Gong, J. Zhao, G. Liu, ve X. Ni, “Design and fabrication of TiB2–TiC–Al2O3 gradient composite ceramic tool materials reinforced by VC/Cr3C2 additives”, Ceramics International, vol. 47, no. 14, pp. 20341–20351, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.042.
14. B. Nayebi, S.A. Delbari, M.S. Asl, E. Ghasali, N. Parvin, ve M. Shokouhimehr,”A nanostructural approach to the interfacial phenomena in spark plasma sintered TiB2 ceramics with vanadium and graphite additives”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 222, Art. no. 109069, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.109069.
15. N.K. Paraye, P.K. Ghosh ve S. Das, “A novel approach to synthesize surface composite by in-situ grown VC reinforcement in steel matrix via TIG arcing”, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 399, Art. no. 126129, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126129.
16. F. Akkurt, E. Kalender, ve A. Yörükoğlu, “Üstün özelliklere sahip ileri teknoloji seramiği: Titanyum diborür”, Journal of Boron, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 203–208, 2019. doi: 10.30728/boron.614471.
17. A. Imak, “Coating of AISI 304 stainless steel surface with addition of Cr3C2 to NiCrCo medium entropy alloy powder”, Materials Testing, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1038–1045, 2025.
18. M. Yildirim Beltir, A. Imak, I. Kirik, A. Turgut ve V. Koc, “Microstructure and wear properties of NiTi–XSiC coating of AISI 1020 by SHS”, Materials Testing, 67(2), vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 386–396, 2025. doi: 10.1515/mt-2024-0240.
19. F. Bulut, A. Imak ve I. Kirik, “Comparison of Ni-based SiC and B4C reinforcements on a TIG-coated AISI 1040 steel”, Materials Testing, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 49–60, 2025.
20. S. Buytoz, “Effect on high temperature oxidation behavior of vanadium and titanium element in FeCrC coating”, Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, vol. 75, pp. 3149–3157, 2022. doi: 10.1007/s12666-022-02669-4.
21. K.S. Shin, J.H. Yoo, S.H. Lee, K. Kaneko ve Y. Tomokiyo, “Microstructural and mechanical properties of TiC, TiB2 and VC with low carbon steel surface alloy fabricated by high energy electron beam irradiation”, In Materials Science Forum, vols. 475–479, pp. 3927–3930, 2005.
22. B.P. Aramide, T. Jamiru, T.A. Adegbola, et al., “Influence of TiB2 incorporation on microstructural evolution in laser-clad FeCrV15 + TiB2 deposits”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 33, pp. 9861–9869, 2024. doi: 10.1007/s11665-024-09518-1.
23. Ü.A. Usca, S. Şap, M. Uzun ve Ü. Değirmenci, “Determination of mechanical and tribological properties of vacuum sintered hybrid reinforced Al-4Cu composites”, Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 58, no. 26, pp. 2799–2815, 2024. doi.org/10.1177/00219983241283599.
24. S. Şap, Ü. Değirmenci, Ü.A. Usca ve M. Uzun M, “Tribological behaviors and mechanical properties of novel Al-5Cu hybrid composites under dry sliding conditions”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 238, no. 15, pp. 7690–7704, 2024. doi: 10.1177/0954406224123456.
25. S. Şap, Ü. Değirmenci ve Ü.A. Usca, “Impact of boron nitride and silicon carbide on tribological properties of Al-3Gr-based hybrid composites”, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, vol. 45, Art. no. 510, 2023. doi: 10.1007/s40430-023-04000-0.
26. S. Şap, “Mechanical and tribological behaviour of novel Al–12Si-based hybrid composites”, Materials Testing, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 560–577, 2023. doi: 10.1515/mt-2023-0075.
27. S. Şap, Ü.A. Usca, M. Uzun, K. Giasin ve D.Y. Pimenov, “Development of the hardness, three-point bending, and wear behavior of self-lubricating Cu-5Gr/Al2O3-Cr3C2 hybrid composites”, Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 1395–1409, 2023. doi: 10.1177/0021998323112345.
28. Ü. Değirmenci, “Mechanical and tribological behavior of a hybrid WC and Al2O3 reinforced Al–4Gr composite”, Materials Testing, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 1416–1436, 2023. doi: 10.1515/mt-2023-0213.
29. Ü.A. Usca, M. Uzun, M. Kuntoğlu, S. Şap, K. Giasin ve D.Y. Pimenov, “Tribological Aspects, Optimization and Analysis of Cu-B-CrC Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy”, Materials, vol. 14, no. 15, Art. no. 4217, 2021. doi: 10.3390/ma14154217.