Su/Atıksuda Ağır Metal Giderimi için Adsorption Tekniğine Genel Bir Bakış: Önemli Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Çevredeki ağır metal kirliliği ve insan sağlığına etkileri en önemli konulardır. Su kalitesinin sürekli bozulması ve kirlenmenin devam etmesi nedeniyle, bilim adamları tarafından gözlemlenmekte ve endişe edilmektedir. Son zamanlarda, çeşitli yöntemler kullanarak ağır metallerin su/atık sudan uzaklaştırılması kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmektedir. Geleneksel teknolojilerde, ağır metal uzaklaştırması/su kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi, kullanılan yenilenemez malzemeler ve yüksek maliyetler nedeniyle pahalıdır. Adsorpsiyon prosesleri bu amaçla birçok araştırmacı tarafından yaygın bir şekilde yürütülmektedir ve absorban olarak sıklıkla çeşitli malzemeler kullanılmaktadır. Kararlılık, yararlılık, düşük maliyet, kullanım kolaylığı ve performans gibi önemli avantajlardan dolayı adsorpsiyonun arıtma için etkili bir yöntem olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Adsorpsiyon teknolojisi, ağır metal iyonu konsantrasyonlarını çok düşük seviyelere düşürdüğünden ve biyoadsorbanlar, killer, aktif karbonlar, zeolitler, metal oksitler gibi düşük maliyetli adsorban materyallerin kullanılması nedeniyle büyük avantajlara sahiptir. Adsorban materyali üzerine metalin adsorpsiyonu, özellikle de tarımsal atıklara metal adsorpsiyonu, çeşitli faktörler tarafından kontrol edilen oldukça karmaşık bir süreçtir. Bu işlem, kompleksleşme, kimyasal adsorpsiyon, yüzey ve gözeneklerde adsorpsiyon-kompleksleşme, ağır metal hidroksit yoğunlaşması, mikro çökelme, iyon değişimi içerir. Adsorpsiyon işlemi için biyolojik materyal kullanıldığında hidroksil, karboksil, sülfidril ve amido gibi bazı fonksiyonel gruplar sudaki metal iyonlarını tutarlar. Bu makale, sudan/atıksudan ağır metal gideriminde kullanılan adsorban materyalleri ve bu tekniğin avantajlarını değerlendirir. Burada, muz kabuğu, keven, kestane kabuğu gibi biyoadsorbanlar ve kilinde içinde bulunduğu doğal adsorbanlar, karbon nanomalzemeleri, zeolitler, metal oksitler gibi bazı yapay malzemelerin adsorban olarak As(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Th(IV) ve Eu(III) gibi farklı ağır metal iyonlarının sudan/atık sudan giderilmesi incelenmektedir.

Keywords

• Adsorban,adsorpsiyon prosesi,ağır metal,su/atık su

An Overview of Adsorption Technique for Heavy Metal Removal from Water/Wastewater: A Critical Review

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution in the environment and effects on human health is within the most important issues. Because of continuous deterioration of water quality and persisting contamination level it has been observed and concerned by the scientists. Recently, to remove heavy metals from water/wastewater using various methods has been extensively studied. In conventional technologies, heavy metal removal/remediation is provided expensive because of non-regenerable materials used and high costs. Adsorption processes are being widely performed by several researchers for this purpose and various materials have been frequently used as adsorbent. It has been proved that adsorption is an effective method for purification, because of significant advantages including stability, utility, low-cost, ease of operation and performance. As adsorption technology is reduce the heavy metal ions concentrations to very low levels and because of using various low-cost adsorbent materials including biosorbents, clays, activated carbons, zeolites, metal oxides, it has major advantages. Metal adsorption onto adsorbent material, especially on agricultural wastes is a rather complex process because it is controlled by various factors. This process includes complexation, chemisorption, adsorption-complexation on surface and pores, micro precipitation, ion exchange. When used biological materials for adsorption process, some functional groups including sulphydryl, amido, hydroxyl and carboxyl, attach metal ions from water. This paper reviews the available adsorbent materials that have been used to heavy metal removal from water/wastewater and evaluates this technique advantages. Herein, the biosorbents such as banana peel, astragalus, chestnut sheel, natural adsorbents including clay also some artificial materials, like carbon-nanomaterials, zeolites, metal oxides, are reviewed as adsorbent materials for removal of different heavy metal ions like As(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Th(IV) and Eu(III) from water/wastewater.

Keywords

• Adsorbent,adsorption processes,heavy metal,water/wastewate

References

1. Abollino, O., Aceto, M., Malandrino, M., Sarzanini, C., Mentasti, E., 2003. Adsorption of heavy metals on Na-montmorillonite. Effect of pH and organic substances. Water Research, 37:1619-1627.
2. Abou-El-Sherbini, K.S., Hassanien, M.M., 2010. Study of organically-modified montmorillonite clay for the removal of copper(II). Journal of Hazardous Materials, 184(1–3):654-661.
3. Afkhami, A., Madrakian, T., Amini, A., Karimi, Z., 2008. Effect of the impregnation of carbon cloth with ethlyenediaminetetraacetic acid on its adsorption capacity for the adsorption of several metal ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150:408-412.
4. Ageena, N.A., 2010. The use of local sawdust as an adsorbent for the removal of copper Ion from wastewater using fixed bed adsorption. Engineering & Technology Journal, 28(2):224-235.
5. Ahn, C.K., Park, D., Woo, S.H., Park, J.M., 2009. Removal of cationic heavy metal from aqueous solution by activated carbon impregnated with anionic surfactants. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164:1130-1136.
6. Al-Degs, Y.S., El-Barghouthi, M.I., Issa, A.A., Khraisheh, M.A., Walker, G.M., 2006. Sorption of Zn(II), Pb(II), and Co(II) using natural sorbents: Equilibrium and kinetic studies. Water Research, 40:2645-2658.
7. Amuda, O.S., Giwa, A.A., Bello, I.A., 2007. Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using modified activated coconut shell carbon. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 36:174-181.
8. Aydın, H., Bulut, Y., Yerlikaya, Ç., 2008. Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto low-cost adsorbents. Journal of Environmental Management, 87:37-45.

9. Baccar, R., Bouzid, J., Feki, M., Montiel, A., 2009. Preparation of activated carbon from Tunisian olive-waste cakes and its application for adsorption of heavy metal ions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162:1522-1529.
10. Barakat, M.A., 2011. New trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 4:361-377.
11. Bhattacharyya, K.G., Gupta, S.S., 2006. Kaolinite, montmorillonite, and their modified derivatives as adsorbents for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Separation and Purification Technology, 50(3):388-397.
12. Bosco, S.M.D., Jimenez, R.S., Carvalho, W.A., 2005. Removal of toxic metals from wastewater by Brazilian natural scolecite. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 281:424-431.
13. Caliskan, N., Kul, A.R., Alkan, S., Sogut, E.G., Alacabey, I., 2011. Adsorption of zinc(II) on diatomite and manganese-oxide-modified diatomite: A kinetic and equilibrium study. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 193:27-36.
14. Chen, L., Zhaoa, X., Pan, B., Zhang, W., Hua, M., Lv, L., Zhang, W., 2015. Preferable removal of phosphate from water using hydrous zirconium oxide-based nanocomposite of high stability. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 284:35-42.
15. Chen, W.J., Hsiao, L.C., Chen, K.K.Y., 2003. Metal desorption from copper(II)/nickel(II)-spiked kaolin as a soil component using plant-derived saponin biosurfactant. Process Biochemistry, 43(5):488-498.
16. Christidis, G.E., Scott, P.W., Dunham, A.C., 1997. Acid activation and bleaching capacity of bentonites from the islands of Milos and Chios, Aegean, Greece. Applied Clay Science, 12:329-347.
17. Chunfeng, W., Jiansheng, L., Xia, S., Lianjun, W., Xiuyun, S., 2009. Evaluation of zeolites synthesized from fly ash as potential adsorbents for wastewater containing heavy metals. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21:127-136.
18. Chutia, P., Kato, S., Kojima, T., Satokawa, S., 2009. Adsorption of As(V) on surfactant-modified natural zeolites. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162:204-211.
19. Debnath, S., Ghosh, U.C., 2009. Nanostructured hydrous titanium(IV) oxide: Synthesis, characterization and Ni(II) adsorption behavior. Chemical Engineering Journal, 152: 480-491.
20. Demiral, H., Güngör, C., 2016. Adsorption of copper(II) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from grape bagasse. Journal of Cleaner Production, 124:103-113.
21. Demirbas, E., Dizge, N., Sulak, M.T., Kobya, M., 2009. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of copper from aqueous solutions using hazelnut shell activated carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 148:480-487.
22. Fu, F.L., Wang, Q., 2011. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review. Journal of Environmental Management, 92:407-418.
23. Guo, X., Zhang, S., Shan, X.Q., 2008. Adsorption of metal ions on lignin. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151:134-142.
24. Gupta, V.K., Agarwal, S., Saleh, T.A., 2011. Chromium removal by combining the magnetic properties of iron oxide with adsorption properties of carbon nanotubes. Water Research, 45:2207-2212.
25. Hua, M., Zhang, S., Pan B., Zhang, W., Lv, L., Zhang, Q., 2012. Heavy metal removal from water/wastewater by nanosized metal oxides: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 211-212:317-331.
26. Ince, M., 2014. Comparision of low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for adsorption of Ni(II). Atomic Spectroscopy, 35(5):223-233.
27. Ince, M., Ince, O.K., Asam, E., Önal, A., 2017. Using food waste biomass as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment for Cu(II) removal. Atomic spectroscopy, 38(5):142-148.
28. Ince, M., Kaplan Ince O., 2017. Box–Behnken design approach for optimizing removal of copper from wastewater using a novel and green adsorbent. Atomic spectroscopy, 38(6):200-207.
29. Jamil, M., Zia, M.S., Qasim, M., 2010. Contamination of agro-ecosystem and human health hazards from wastewater used for irrigation. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 32:370-378.
30. Kabbashi, N.A., Atieh, M.A., Al-Mamun, A., Mirghami, M.E.S., Alam, M.D.Z., Yahya, N., 2009. Kinetic adsorption of application of carbon nanotubes for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21:539-544.
31. Karami, H., 2013. Heavy metal removal from water by magnetite nanorods. Chemical Engineering Journal, 219:209-216.
32. Khan, S., Cao, Q., Zheng, Y.M., Huang, Y.Z., Zhu, Y.G., 2008. Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Environmental Pollution, 152:686-692.
33. Khraisheh, M.A.M., Al-degs, Y.S., Mcminn, W.A.M., 2004. Remediation of wastewater containing heavy metals using raw and modified diatomite. Chemical Engineering Journal, 99:177-184.
34. Kosa, S.A., Al-Zhrani, G., Salam, M.A., 2012. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline. Chemical Engineering Journal, 181-182:159-168.
35. Kurniawan, T.A., Chan, G.Y.S., Lo, W.H., Babel, S., 2006. Physico-chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals. Chemical Engineering Journal, 118:83-98.
36. Li, Q., Yu, J., Zhou, F., Jiang, X., 2015. Synthesis and characterization of dithiocarbamate carbon nanotubes for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 482:306-314.
37. Manju, G.N., Krishnan, K.A, Vinod, V.P., Anirudhan, T.S., 2002. An investigation into the sorption of heavy metals from wastewaters by polyacrylamide-grafted iron(III) oxide. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1:221-238.
38. Marques, P.A.S.S., Rosa, M.F., Pinheiro, H.M., 2000. pH effects on the removal of Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution by waste brewery waste. Bioprocess Engineering, 23:135-141.
39. Monser, L., Adhoum, N., 2002. Modified activated carbon for the removal of copper, zinc, chromium and cyanide from wastewater. Separation and Purification Technology, 26:137-146.
40. Nadeem, M., Mahmood, A., Shahid, S.A., Shah, S.S., Khalid, A.M., McKay, G., 2006. Sorption of lead from aqueous solution by chemically modified carbon adsorbents. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 138:604-613.
41. Nano, G.V., Strathmann, T.J., 2006. Ferrous iron sorption by hydrous metal oxides. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 297:443-454.
42. O’Connell, D.W., Birkinshaw, C., O’Dwyer, T.F., 2008. Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: a review. Bioresource Technology, 99:6709-6724.
43. Orhan, Y., Kocaoba, S., 2007. Adsorption of toxic metals by natural and modified clinoptilolite. Annali di Chimica, 97(8):781-790.
44. Pan, B., Qiu, H., Pan, B., Nie, G., Xiao, L., Lv, L., Zhang, W., Zhang, Q., Zheng, S., 2010. Highly efficient removal of heavy metals by polymer-supported nanosized hydrated Fe(III) oxides: Behavior and XPS study. Water Research, 44:815-824.
45. Pan, B., Pan, B., Zhang, W., Lv, L., Zhang, Q., Zheng, S., 2009. Development of polymeric and polymer-based hybrid adsorbents for pollutants removal from waters. Chemical Engineering Journal, 151:19-29.
46. Phuengprasop, T., Sittiwong, J., Unob, F., 2011. Removal of heavy metal ions by iron oxide coated sewage sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186:502-507.
47. Peng, S.H., Wang, W.X., Li, X.D., Yen, Y.F., 2004. Metal partitioning in river sediments measured by sequential extraction and biomimetic approaches. Chemosphere, 57:839-851.
48. Pyrzyńska, K., Bystrzejewski, M., 2010. Comparative study of heavy metal ions sorption onto activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and carbon-encapsulated magnetic nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 362:102-109.
49. Qi, B.C., Aldrich, C., 2008. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions with tobacco dust. Bioresource Technology, 99:5595-5601.
50. Qu, X., Alvarez, P.J.J., Li, Q., 2013. Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. Water Research, 47(12):3931-3946.
51. Rao, G.P., Lu, C., Su, F., 2007. Sorption of divalent metal ions from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes: A review. Separation and Purification Technology, 58:224-231.
52. Rožić, M., Cerjan-Stefanović, Š., Kurajica, S., Vančina, V., Hodžić, E., 2000. Ammonical nitrogen removal from water by treatment with clays and zeolites. Water Research, 34(14):3675-3681.
53. Sarkar, S., Chatterjee, P.K., Cumbal, L.H. SenGupta A.K.., 2011. Hybrid ion exchanger supported nanocomposites: Sorption and sensing for environmental applications. Chemical Engineering Journal, 166:923-931.
54. Sharma, P., Singh, G., Tomar, R., 2009. Synthesis and characterization of an analogue of heulandite: Sorption applications for thorium(IV), europium(III), samarium(II) and iron(III) recovery from aqueous waste. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 332:298-308.
55. Singh, A., Sharma, R.K., Agrawal, M., Marshall, F.M., 2010. Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intake of foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48:611-619.
56. Srivastava, N.K., Majumder, C.B., 2008. Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151:1-8.
57. Şahin, Ö., Saka, C., 2013. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from acorn shell by physical activation with H2O-CO2 in two-step pretreatment. Bioresource Technology, 136:163-168.
58. Turan, N.G., Ozgonenel, O., 2013. Study of montmorillonite clay for the removal of copper (II) by adsorption: Full Factorial design approach and cascade forward neural network. The Scientific World Journal, ID 342628, 11 pages.
59. Unuabonah, E.I., Adebowale, K.O., Olu-Owolabi, B.I., Yang, L.Z., Kong, L.X., 2008. Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd (II) from aqueous solutions onto sodium tetraborate-modified kaolinite clay: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Hydrometallurgy, 93:1-9.
60. Verma, V.K., Tewari, S., Rai, J.P.N., 2008. Ion exchange during heavy metal bio-sorption from aqueous solution by dried biomass of macrophytes. Bioresource Technology, 99:1932-1938.
61. Vieira, M.G.A., Neto, A.F.A., Gimenes, M.L., da Silva, M.G.C., 2010. Sorption kinetics and equilibrium for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous phase on calcined bofe bentonite clay. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1-3):362-371.
62. Witek-Krowiak, A., Szafran, R.G., Modelski, S., 2011. Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions onto peanut shell as a low-cost biosorbent. Desalination, 265:126-134.
63. Wu, P., Zhang, Q., Dai, Y., Zhu, N., Dang, Z., Li, P., Wu, J., Wang, X., 2011. Adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions on humic acid modified Ca-montmorillonite. Geoderma, 164(3-4):215–219.
64. Yang, L., Wu, S., Chen, J.P., 2007. Modification of activated carbon by polyaniline for enhanced adsorption of aqueous arsenate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 46:2133-2140.
65. Yuvaraja, G., Krishnaiah, N., Subbaiah, M.V., Krishnaiah, A., 2014. Biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by Solanum melongena leaf powder as a low-cost biosorbent prepared from agricultural waste. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 114:75- 81.
66. Zhao, G., Wu, X., Tan, X., Wang, X., 2011. Sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions: A review. The Open Colloid Science Journal, 4:19-31.