China’s Political Economy in Africa in the Context of Global Politics: Examples of Nigeria, Angola, Sudan and Democratic Republic of Congo

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 71 - 96, 01.05.2019

Fatih Kılıç

Öz

Due
to the increasing population and economic prosperity worldwide, reliance on
energy resources has reached fairly high levels. In 2040, the energy demand is
projected to increase by 37%. However, the energy sources discovered in the
world face the risk of not being able to meet the increasing demand. China,
which has a giant population of 1.3 billion, and the world’s fastest growing
economy with 13.457 trillion $ of GNP, has been the most affected country in
this situation. Within this context, China has made various attempts to
maintain its economic growth and to ensure the continuity and security of the
energy trade. China invests in alternative energy sources and carries out close
economic relations with the African continent, which has many undiscovered
reserves in terms of natural resources. Over the past two decades, China has
provided large amounts of direct investment, technical assistance, grants,
zero-interest loans, and concessional loans to Africa.  Although the Chinese investments make a great
contribution to the economic growth of African countries, due to the privileges
that China  gain in return, the economies
of these countries are becoming dependent on China. This study aims to explain
the change in the economic relations between China and Africa and the level
reached today and contribute to a better understanding of the political economy
in Africa through China’s trade relations with Nigeria, Angola, Sudan and the
Democratic Republic of Congo.

Anahtar Kelimeler

China, Africa, Energy Resources, Trade relations, Economy Politics

Küresel İlişkiler Bağlamında Çin’in Afrika’daki Ekonomi Politiği: Nijerya, Angola, Sudan ve Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti Örnekleri

Öz

Dünya
çapında giderek artan nüfus ve ekonomik refah sebebiyle enerji kaynaklarına bağımlılık
oldukça yüksek seviyelere ulaşmıştır. 2040 yılında enerjiye olan talebin %37
oranında artacağı öngörülmektedir. Ancak dünyada keşfedilen enerji kaynakları,
artan talebi karşılayamama riski ile karşı karşıyadır. 1,3 milyarlık dev nüfusu,
13.457 trilyon $’lık GSMH’sı ile dünyanın en hızlı büyüyen ekonomisi olan Çin,
bu durumdan en fazla etkilenen ülke konumundadır. Bu kapsamda Çin, ekonomik
büyümesini sürdürebilmek, enerji ticaretinin sürekliliğini ve güvenliğini sağlayabilmek
için çeşitli girişimlerde bulunmaktadır. Alternatif enerji kaynaklarına
yatırımlar yapmakta ve doğal kaynak yönünden keşfedilmemiş birçok rezerve sahip
olan Afrika kıtası ile yakın ekonomik ilişkiler yürütmektedir. Son yirmi yılda
Çin, Afrika’ya büyük miktarda doğrudan yatırım, teknik yardım, hibe, sıfır
faizli kredi ve imtiyazlı krediler sağlamıştır. Kuşkusuz, kıtadaki Çin
yatırımları Afrika ülkelerinin ekonomik büyümelerine büyük katkı sağlıyor olsa
da bu yatırımlar karşılığında sağlanan imtiyazlar nedeniyle Afrika ülkeleri
ekonomik açıdan gün geçtikçe Çin'e daha bağımlı hale gelmektedirler. Bu çalışma,
Çin
ve Afrika ekonomik ilişkilerinde yaşanan değişimi ve günümüzde ulaştığı seviyeyi
açıklamayı ve Çin’in
Nijerya, Angola, Sudan ve Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti ticari ilişkileri
üzerinden Afrika'daki ekonomi politiğinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamayı
amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çin, Afrika, Enerji Kaynakları, Ticari İlişkiler

Kaynakça

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