<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijshs</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2602-3288</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-3288</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Tuncay AYDEMİR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>ONLINE MISOGYNIST GROUPS THROUGH INCEL EXAMPLE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIORS</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>“INCEL” ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNDEN ÇEVRİM İÇİ MİZOJİNİST GRUPLAR VE ŞİDDET EYLEMLERİ</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Temelli</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ecenur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20220721">
                    <day>07</day>
                    <month>21</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>6</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>11</fpage>
                                        <lpage>30</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20211208">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20220426">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>While internet provides many advantages about ideologies to spread and find followers, also can be a place where hate speech and harassment toward women exist. Violent behaviors found to have a relationship between a heterosexual male groups named manosphere. While manosphere consists more than one subgroups, it is found that the most violent and extremist one is incels. This study aims to present online hostile ideologies toward women through incel community. In this direction, the place of incel community in mesosphere, its attitudes toward women, and used language and jargon are examined. Also vio-lent acts of people who are self descriptive incels are reviewed. All in all, fea-tures of online misogynist communities, especially incels and their social-cultural importance are discussed within the scope of relevant literature.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>İnternet çeşitli ideolojilerin yayılması ve takipçi bulması açısından büyük avan-tajlar sağladığı gibi, kadını hedef alan nefret söylemleri ve saldırılara da ev sahip-liği yapabilmektedir. Bu gibi şiddet temelli eylemler erkek evreni olarak adlandı-rılan özellikle heteroseksüel erkek toplulukları ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Erkek evreni birçok alt grubu barındırmakla birlikte aralarında en radikal ve şiddet yan-lısı olan grup incel topluluğu olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı incel topluluğu örneği üzerinden kadına karşı oluşturulan düşmancıl çevrim içi ideolojileri sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda incel düşüncesinin erkek evrenindeki yeri, kadına yönelik tutumu ve jargonu ilgili alanyazın çerçe-vesinde incelenmiş, kendini incel olarak tanımlayan bireylerin gerçek hayatta gerçekleştirdikleri şiddet eylemleri derlenmiştir. Son olarak Türkiye’deki erkek evreni ile ilgili çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, başta incel toplulukları olmak üzere çevrim içi ortamda oluşmuş mizojinist grupların özellikleri ve top-lumsal kültürel önemi, ilgili alanyazın dahilinde tartışılmıştır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Incel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mizojini</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anti-feminizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Siber psikoloji</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Incel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mizojini</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anti-feminizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Siber psikoloji</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Incel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  misogyny</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  anti-feminism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cyber psycholog</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Incel</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  misogyny</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  anti-feminism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  cyber psycholog</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aksoy Derya, Y., Timur Taşhan, S., Uçar, Y., Karaaslan, T. ve Akbaş Tunç, Ö. (2017). Toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumların cinsel tabulara etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 1–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aly, A., Macdonald, S., Jarvis, L. ve Chen, T. M. (2016). Introduction to the special issue: Terrorist online propaganda and radicalization. Studies in Conflict &amp; Terrorism, 40(1), 1–9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Austin, P. L. (2019). What is 8chan, and how Is it related to this wee-kend’s shootings? Here’s what to know. https://time.com/ 5644314/8chan-shootings/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baele, S., Brace, L. ve Coan, T. (2019). From “incel” to “saint”: Analyz-ing the violent worldview behind the 2018 Toronto attack. Terrorism and Politi-cal Violence.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bates, L. (2020). Men who hate women. London: Simon &amp; Schuster.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bernstein, M., Monroy-Hernández, A., Harry, D., André, P., Panovich, K. ve Vargas, G. (2011, July). 4chan and/b: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemer-ality in a Large Online Community. In Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media,5(1).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Blais, M. ve Dupuis-Déri, F. (2012). Masculinism and the antifeminist countermovement. Social Movement Studies, 11(1), 21–39.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bratich, J. ve Banet-Weiser, S. (2019). From pick-up artists to incels: Con(fidence) games, networked misogyny, and the failure of neoliberalism. In-ternational Journal of Communication 13, 5003–5027.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Byerly, C. M. (2020). Incels online reframing sexual violence. The Com-munication Review, 1-19.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Can, Y. (2013). Kadına yönelik şiddetin toplumsal temelleri: Niğde örneği. Journal of World of Turks, 5(1), 203–216.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carrigan, T., Connell, B. ve Lee, J. (1985). Toward a new sociology of masculinity. Theory and Society, 14(5), 551–604.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Collins, B. (2018). A horror tale of male entitlement: Jack the Ripper and ‘his’ shadow, the incel movement. International Public Policy Review, 13(1), 10–16.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Coston, B. M. ve Kimmel, M. (2012). White men as the new victims: Re-verse discrimination cases and the men’s rights movement men, masculinities, and law. Nevada Law Journal, 13(2), 368–385.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dahl, J., Vescio, T. ve Weaver, K. (2015). How threats to masculinity se-quentially cause public discomfort, anger, and ideological dominance over women. Social Psychology, 46(4), 242–254.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dewey, C. (2014).  Inside the “manosphere” that inspired Santa Barbara shooter Elliot Rodger. https://wapo.st/2ORwu20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Donnelly, D., Burgess, E., Anderson, S., Davis, R. Ve Dillard, J. (2001). Involuntary celibacy: A life course analysis. Journal of Sex Research, 38(2), 159–169.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eisler, R. M., Franchina, J. J., Moore, T. M., Honeycutt, H. G. ve Rhati-gan, D. L. (2000). Masculine gender role stress and intimate abuse: Effects of gender relevance of conflict situations on men&#039;s attributions and affective re-sponses. Psychology of Men &amp; Masculinity, 1(1), 30–36.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Elgün, A. (2020). Erkek evreninde erkeklik biçimlerinin temsili: www.erkekadam.org üzerine nitel bir analiz. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 7(2), 871–894.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Farrell, T., Fernandez, M., Novotny, J. ve Alani, H. (2019). Exploring Misogyny across the Manosphere in Reddit. Proceedings of the 10th ACM Con-ference on Web Science - WebSci’19.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Flood, M. (2004). Backlash: Angry men’s movements. The battle and backlash rage on: Why feminism cannot be obsolete içinde (ss. 261-278). India-na: Xlibris Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fulper, R., Ciampaglia, G. L., Ferrara, E., Ahn, Y., Flammini, A., Menczer, F., Lewis B. ve Rowe,  K. (2014). Misogynistic language on Twitter and sexual violence. Proceedings of the ACM Web Science Workshop on Com-putational Approaches to Social Modeling (ChASM).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gadd, D. ve Jefferson, T. (2017). Psychosocial criminology. London: Sa-ge Publications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ging, D. (2017). Alphas, Betas, and Incels. Men and Masculinities, 1097184X177064.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güneş, G. ve Yıldırım, B. (2019). Cinsiyet temelli bir savaş: Kadın cina-yetlerinin medyada temsili üzerine bir değerlendirme. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 30(3), 936–964.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Halder, D. ve Jaishankar, K. Online social networking and women victims. K. Jaishankar (Eds.). Cyber Criminology: Exploring Internet Crimes and Crimi-nal Behavior içinde (ss. 299–317). New York: CRC Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hines, A. (2019). How many bones would you break to get laid? https://www.thecut.com/2019/05/incel-plastic-surgery.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hoffman, B., Ware, J. ve Shapiro, E. (2020). Assessing the threat of incel violence. Studies in Conflict &amp; Terrorism, 1–23.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İnci, S. ve Alpen, İ. (2019). Feminist dünyada erkek olmak. İstanbul: Motto Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jane, E. (2017). Misogyny online: A short (and brutish) history. Los Angeles: Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jardine, E. (2015). The dark web dilemma: Tor, anonymity and online policing. Global Commission on Internet Governance, 21, 1–24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jones, A. (2020). Incels and the manosphere: Tracking men&#039;s movements online (Yüksek lisans tezi). University of Central Florida.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaşıkçı, D. N., Çağıltay, K., Karakuş, T., Kurşun, E. ve Ogan, C. (2014). Türkiye ve Avrupa’daki çocukların internet alışkanlıkları ve güvenli internet kul-lanımı. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(171), 230–243.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kelly, A. (2017). The alt-right: reactionary rehabilitation for white mascu-linity: US alt-right extremism is a logical consequence of mainstream neo-conservatism. Soundings: A journal of politics and culture, 66, 68–78.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kowalski, R. M. ve Limber, S. P. (2013). Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. The Journal of adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medici-ne, 53(1 Suppl), S13–S20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lachow, I. ve Richardson, C. (2007). Terrorist use of the Internet: The real story. JFQ: Joint Force Quarterly, 45, 100–103.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lilly, M. (2016). ‘The world is not a safe place for men’: The representa-tional politics of the manosphere (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ottawa: University of Ot-tawa.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lindsay, C. A. (2020). Swallowing the black pill: A qualitative explora-tion of incel antifeminism within digital society (Yüksek lisans tezi). Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Messerschmidt, J. W. (2019). Hegemonik erkeklik: Formülasyon, yeniden formülasyon ve genişleme. Eleştirel Erkeklik İncelemeleri İnisiyatifi (çev.). Ç. Günay-Erkol ve N. Y. Sünbüloğlu (Ed.). İstanbul: Özyeğin Üniversitesi Yayın-ları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Messner, M. A. (2016). Forks in the road of men’s gender politics: Men’s rights vs feminist allies. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social De-mocracy 5, 6–20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Munsch, C. L. ve Willer, R. (2012). The role of gender identity threat in perceptions of date rape and sexual coercion. Violence Against Women, 18(10), 1125–1146.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nagel, A. (2017). Kill all normies: Online culture wars from Tumblr and 4chan to the alt-right and Trump. Hampshire: Zero Books.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ohlheiser, A. (2018). Inside the online world of ‘incels,’ the dark corner of the Internet linked to the Toronto suspect. Erişim adresi: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2018/04/25/inside-the-online-world-of-incels-the-dark-corner-of-the-internet-linked-to-the-toronto-suspect/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Okray, Z. (2018). Türk basınında kadına yönelik tecavüz haberlerinin eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi modeliyle incelenmesi. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 21(1), 190–238.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">O’Malley, R. L., Holt, K. ve Holt, T. J. (2020). An exploration of the in-voluntary celibate (incel) subculture online. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öztürk, F. E. (2021). İnternet alt kültürü bağlamında egemonik erkeklik söyleminin dijital dönüşümü: #erkekyerinibilsin hashtag örneği. Global Media Journal TR Edition, 11(22), 101–123.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Papadamou, K., Zannettou, S., Blackburn, J., Cristofaro, E.D., Stringhini, G. ve Sirivianos, M. (2020). Understanding the incel community on YouTu-be. ArXiv, abs/2001.08293.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Poland, B. (2016). Haters: Harassment, abuse, and violence online. Lin-coln, NE: Potomac Books.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Reidy, D. E., Berke, D. S., Gentile, B. ve Zeichner, A. (2014). Masculine discrepancy stress and intimate partner violence. Personality and Individual Dif-ferences, 68, 160–164.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Riberio, M. H., Blackburn, J., Bradlyn, B., De Cristofaro, E., Stringhini, G., Long, S., Greenberg, S. ve Zannettou, S. (2020), The evolution of the meno-sphere across the web.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rodger, E. (2014). My twisted world: The story of Elliot Rodger. Erişim adresi: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/05/25/us/shooting-document.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rubin, J. D., Blackwell, L. ve Conley, T. D. (2020). Fragile masculinity: Men, gender, and online harassment. CHI &#039;20: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems,  1–14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sallavaci, O. (2018). Crime and social media: Legal responses to offensive online communications and abuse. H. Jahankhani (Ed.). Cyber Criminology içinde (ss. 3–25). London: Springer.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Santa Barbara County Sheriff’s Office. (2015). Isla Vista Mass Murder, May 23, 2014. Investigative summary. Erişim adresi: http://files.courthousenews.com/2015/03/04Isla%20Vista %20investigation.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saragoza, P. (2020). The “incels” and the ideology of extreme misogynis-tic violence. Erişim adresi: https://www.wtsglobal.com/the-incels-and-the- ideol-ogy-of-extreme-misogynistic-violence/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Schmitz, R. M. ve Kazyak, E. (2016). Masculinities in cyberspace: An analysis of portrayals of manhood in Men’s Rights Activist websites. Social Sci-ences, 5(2), 18.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Scaptura, M. N. ve Boyle, K. M. (2019). Masculinity threat, “incel” traits, and violent fantasies among heterosexual men in the United States. Feminist Criminology, 155708511989641.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Solon, O. (2017). ‘Incel’: Reddit bans misogynist men’s group blaming women for their celibacy. Erişim adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/nov/08/reddit-incel-involuntary-celibate-men-ban</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turnage, A. K. (2007). Email flaming behaviors and organizational conf-lict. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 43–59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Um, J. (2016). Strategic misogyny and its contradiction – Focusing on the anal- ysis of the posts on the internet community site Ilgan best Jeojangso (daily best storage). Media, Gender &amp; Culture, 31(2), 193–236.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Van Valkenburgh, S. P. (2018). Digesting the Red Pill: Masculinity and Neoliberalism in the Manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 1097184X1881611.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Waddell, C., Van Doorn, G., March, E. ve Grieve, R. (2020). Dominance or deceit: The role of the Dark Triad and hegemonic masculinity in emotional manipulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 166, 110160.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Waśniewska, M. (2020). The red pill, unicorns and white knights: Cultur-al symbolism and conceptual metaphor in the slang of online incel communities. Cultural Conceptualizations in Language and Communication içinde (ss. 65–82). Springer, Cham.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref63">
                        <label>63</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weimann, G. (2004). How modern terrorism uses the Internet: Special Report. Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref64">
                        <label>64</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Whine, M. (1999). Cyberspace—A new medium for communication, command, and control by extremists. Studies in Conflict &amp; Terrorism, 22, 231–246.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref65">
                        <label>65</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Williams, D. J. ve Arntfield, M. (2020). Extreme sex-negativity: An examination of helplessness, hopelessness, and misattribution of blame among “incel” multiple homicide offenders. Journal of Positive Sexuality, 6(1), 33–42.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref66">
                        <label>66</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yancı, F. ve Özlem Polat, A. (2019). Tecavüze ilişkin tutumların tecavüz mitleri, adil dünya inancı, cinsiyet rolleri ve demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, 31–50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref67">
                        <label>67</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yun, B. (2013). Ilbe and misogyny. e Radical Review, 57, 33–56.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref68">
                        <label>68</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zimmerman, S., Ryan, L. ve Duriesmith, D. (2018). Recognizing the Violent Ex-tremist Ideology of ‘Incels’. Women In International Security, Policy Brief.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
