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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ijsi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>International Journal of Social Inquiry</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1307-8364</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1307-9999</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37093/ijsi.1284668</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Public Administration</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Kamu Yönetimi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Türkiye’de Düzenleyici ve Denetleyici Kurumların Formel Bağımsızlıkları</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Formal Independence of Regulatory and Supervisory Agencies in Türkiye</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-5777</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Korkmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet Fürkan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230630">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>16</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>131</fpage>
                                        <lpage>153</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230417">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230623">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2008, International Journal of Social Inquiry</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>International Journal of Social Inquiry</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Yeni Kamu İşletmeciliği anlayışı devletlerin yönetim yapılarında kurumsal değişime neden olmuştur. Bu değişimin ürünü olan Düzenleyici ve Denetleyici Kurumlara (DDK) piyasaların düzenlenmesi yetkisi devredilmiştir. Bu kurumlara yetki devredilmesinin amacı piyasaların hem ekonomik hem siyasi çıkar ilişkileri ve çatışmalarından uzak tutularak güven ortamının oluşturulmasıdır. Yani, politik işlem maliyetlerini azaltmak ve düzenleyici taahhüdün güvenilirliğini sağlamaktır. DDK’lara yetki devredilme nedenleri ile bağımsızlıkları arasında yakın bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bağımsızlık seviyesinin artması düzenleyici taahhüdün güvenilirliğini sağlamakta ve politik işlem maliyetlerini de azaltmaktadır. Ancak, bağımsızlık seviyesinin düşmesi güvenilirliğe zarar verirken, politik işlem maliyetlerini artırmaktadır. DDK’lar Türkiye’de de bu amaçlarla kurulmuştur. Ancak, Türkiye’nin yönetsel kültürü ve yönetim yapısı bu kurumların sürekli olarak tartışılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki DDK’ların formel bağımsızlıklarını Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi yöntemini kullanarak ölçmek ve bağımsızlık ile güvenilir taahhüt ve politik işlem maliyetleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. 2011 yılında çıkarılan iki Kanun Hükmünde Kararname ve 2018 yılında çıkarılan Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi DDK’ların bağımsızlıklarını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu bağlamda, güvenilir taahhüdün azaldığı, politik işlem maliyetlerinin arttığı söylenebilir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The New Public Management approach has led to institutional change in the governance structures of states. As a result of this change, the authority to regulate the markets has been delegated to Regulatory and Supervisory Authorities (RSA). The purpose of delegating authority to these institutions is to create an environment of trust by keeping the markets away from both economic and political interests and conflicts. That is, to reduce political transaction costs and to ensure the credibility of the regulatory commitment. There is a close relationship between the reasons for the delegation of authority to RSAs and their independence. Increasing the level of independence ensures the credibility of the regulatory commitment and reduces political transaction costs. However, a decrease in the level of independence undermines credibility and increases political transaction costs. RSAs were also established in Türkiye for these purposes. However, Türkiye&#039;s administrative culture and governance structure have led to a continuous debate on these institutions. This study aims to measure the formal independence of RSAs in Türkiye using Multidimensional Scaling Analysis. It also examines the relationship between credible commitment, political transaction costs, and independence. The two decree laws enacted in 2011 and the Presidential Decree Law enacted in 2018 have negatively affected the independence of RSAs. In this context, it can be said that credible commitment has decreased and political transaction costs have increased.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Düzenleyici ve Denetleyici Kurumlar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  bağımsızlık</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  güvenilir taahhüt</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  politik işlem maliyetleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Regulatory and Supervisory Agencies</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  independence</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  credible commitment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  political transaction costs</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  multidimensional scaling analysis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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