Agriculture History and Policy

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 39 - 51, 01.03.2020

Abdulgani Devlet

https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.685412

Cited By: 1

Öz

The ancient Fertile Crescent in particular, is commonly comprehended as the origin of agriculture. The location of Western Asia covers the area of Mesopotamia and the Levant, and is limited by Syrian Desert to the south and the Anatolian Plateau to the north. First of all, a good diagnosis is needed to treat the disease, it is necessary to make a good diagnosis and definition for our sectors such as agriculture which connects our past, current and future life. In the agricultural sector, like other sectors, if we ask for a timely diagnosis and treatment of issues; certainly, we don't have to demand more because of neglect. The basis of the agricultural sector also is a science. World population has been growing and natural resources such as land and water is already under stress. To make a nation healthy and to meet food demand along with nutrition security, agriculture would continue remain as the top most priority sector for any country. Agriculture provides food, fibre and raw materials to industry. It contributes significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Agriculture provides cleaner, better environment for people to lead healthy life on earth. Moreover, it provides employment to large section of the people. If a nation has to be strong, then it has to be self-reliant coupled with strong agricultural economy that supports ecological and nutritional security. The history of agriculture has showed an important value in human development. More than half of all human around the World once efforted in farming, and even today, few—if any—humans could survive without it.This paper depicts the agricultural history and policy reforms and structural changes in World from past to the current times.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Agriculture, History, Policy

Kaynakça

• Graeme barker, Candice Goucher, The Cambridge World HIistory, A World with Agriculture, Volume II, 2015:1-638; World Bank, World Development Report, Washington, D.C, 1982: p.40; Peattie, K., 2010. Green consumption: behavior and norms. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 35, 195. Foster, G.D., Wyatt, H.R., Hill, J.O., McGuckin, B.G., Brill, C., Mohammed, B.S., Szapary, P.O., Rader, D.J., Edman, J.S., Klein, S., 2003. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 2082–2090. Zohary, D., Hopf, M.,Weiss, E., 2012. Domestication of Plants in the OldWorld: The Origin and Spread of Domesticated Plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford University Press, Oxford, on Demand. Drewnowski, A., Popkin, B.M., 1997. The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet. Nutr. Rev. 55, 31–43. Alexandratos, N., Bruinsma, J., 2003.World agriculture: towards 2015/2030: an FAO perspective. Land Use Policy 20 (4), 375. Renan O. Zocca, Pedro D. Gaspar, Pedro D. da Silva, Jose Nunes , Luı´s P. de Andrade, İntroduction to Sustainable Food Production, 2018, chapter I: 3-45p; Robert E. Evenson, Their Impact on Spending for National Agricultural Research and Extension, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, 1987,No 22; Postel S 1996. Dividing the water: Food security, ecosystem health, and the new politics of scarcity, Worldwatch Paper no 132, Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC; Plant Molecular Biology Reporter 24: 283-284, 2006. Canada; Jaswinder Singh, Role of Earthworm in Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Food Systems from Agriculture to Industry.Part A: Sustainable Food Production, 2018, Chapter 3: 83-122p; Foster, G.D., Wyatt, H.R., Hill, J.O., McGuckin, B.G., Brill, C., Mohammed, B.S., Szapary, P.O., Rader, D.J., Edman, J.S., Klein, S., 2003. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. 348, 2082–2090. Drewnowski, A., Popkin, B.M., 1997. The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet. Nutr. Rev. 55, 31–43. Zohary, D., Hopf, M.,Weiss, E., 2012. Domestication of Plants in the OldWorld: The Origin and Spread of Domesticated Plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. Oxford University Press, Oxford, on Demand. Hammes, T., 2016. Will Technological Convergence Reverse Globalization? Strategic Forum. National Defense University Press, Washington, DC, USA, p. 1. Harris, D.R., Hillman, G., 1989. An evolutionary continuum of people-plant interaction. In: Foraging and Farming: The Evolution of Plant Exploitation. Routledge, New York, NY, USA, pp. 11–26. Harris, D.R., Fuller, D.Q., 2014. Agriculture: definition and overview. In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer, New York, NY, USA, pp. 104–113. Diamond, J., 1999. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates ofHuman Societies.WWNorton & Company, New York, NY, USA. Jaswinder Singh, Role of Earthworm in Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Food Systems from Agriculture to Industry.Part A: Sustainable Food Production, 2018, Chapter 3: 83-122p; Peattie, K., 2010. Green consumption: behavior and norms. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 35, 195. FAO, 2013. Food wastage footprint summary report. Available from: http://www. fao.org/docrep/018/i3347e/i3347e.pdf (Accessed 14 January 2017). Stoica, M., Bahrim, G., C^ar^ac, G., 2011b. Factors that influence the electric field effects on fungal cells. In: M_endez-Vilas, A. (Ed.), Science Against Microbial Pathogens: Communicating Current Research and Technological Advances. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, pp. 291–302. Norton, T., Tiwari, B.K., 2014. Sustainable cleaning and sanitation in the food industry. In: Tiwari, B.K., Norton, T., Holden, N.M. (Eds.), Sustainable Food Processing. John Wiley & Sons, Oxford, pp. 363–375. Garnett, T., 2013. Conference on ‘Future food and health’symposium I: sustainability and food security food sustainability: problems, perspectives and solutions. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 72, 29–39. Allen, T., Prosperi, P., 2016. Modeling sustainable food systems. Environ. Manag. 57, 956–975. FAO, 1996. Rome Declaration onWorld Food Security andWorld Food Summit Plan of Action. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00. HTM. Accessed 14 December 2016. FAO, 2011. Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Otles, S., Despoudi, S., Bucatariu, C., Kartal, C., 2015. Chapter 1, Food waste management, valorization, and sustainability in the food industry. In: Galanakis, C.M. (Ed.), Food Waste Recovery: Processing Technologies and Industrial Techniques. Elsevier Inc., Waltham. FAO, 2014. Definitional framework of food loss. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/ user_upload/save food/PDF/FLW_Definition_and_Scope_2014.pdf. Charis M. Galanakis, Food Waste Recovery: Prospects and Opportunities, Part C Sustainable Food Waste Managment, Chapter 12(2018)401-421p; Semih Otles and Canan Karta, Part C Sustainable Food Waste Managment, Food Waste Valorization, Chapter 11(2018): 371-399p; Azmat Gani, Frank Scrimgeour, "spillover effects of trade, agriculture and industry in Fiji", Journal of developing regions (2018), Vol. 53, No. 4; Robert E. Evenson, Their Impact on Spending for National Agricultural Research and Extension, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, 1987,No 22; Mahmuoud A. Gulaid, Financing agriculture though islamic modes and istruments, İslamic Research and Training, 1995: no.34;