Antimicrobial, antioxidant and essential oil studies on Veratrum album L. (Melanthiaceae)

Abstract

In this study, essential oil components of the Veratrum album L. and the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of these components were determined. The chemical composition of the essential oils of dried aerial parts of V. album was analyzed using GC and GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity was determined with the disk diffusion method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity were detected for the antioxidant activity of the plant. According to the analysis results, the major essential oil components of the V. album were determined as hexacosane (39.5%), myristic (tetradecanoic) acid (22.8%), heptane (6.5%), anethole (4.9%) and 1,8- cineole (4.8%). The findings showed that the methanol extracts of the stem and leaf parts of the plant inhibited the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at different rates (14±0.1 - 34±0.3 mm). The TAS values of methanol extracts of stem and leaf parts of V. album were calculated as 3.75±0.07 and 3.91±0.01 mmol, while TOS values were calculated as 6.14±0.13 and 6.54±0.05 μmol. The scavenging activity of the DPPH radical increased depending on increasing concentrations of the plant extract.

Keywords

• Veratrum album
• Essential oil composition
• Antimicrobial activity
• Antioxidant activity
• Türkiye

References

1. Atalay D.D., Aydin, T., Odabasoglu, F., Aydin Berktas, O., Kutlu, Z., Erol, H.S., Halici, MB., Cadirci, E., & Cakir, A. (2019). Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Jervine, a Sterodial Alkaloid from Rhizomes of Veratrum album. Phytomed, 55, 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.035
2. Atalay, F. (2013). The determination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the jervine isolated from the rhizomes of Veratrum album [PhD Thesis, Ataturk University]. 342005. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=gLVMG2k4R5wTax6NfX9Hcg&no=0FXrFJ2-QKIdkOBxe0VJGA
3. Collins, C.H., & Lyne, P.M. (2004). Collins and Lyne’s microbiological methods (8th ed.). London: Arnold.
4. Cordell, G.A. (2000). Biodiversity and Drug Discovery a Symbiotic Relationship. Phytochemistry, 55(6), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00230
5. Cuendet, M., Hostettmann, K., Potterat, O., & Dyatmiko, W. (1997). Iridoid Glucosides with Free Radical Scavenging Properties from Fagraea blumei. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 80(4), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19970800411
6. Dabur, R., Gupta, A., Mandal, T.K., Singh, D.D., Bajpai, V.A., Gurav, M., & Lavekar, G. (2007). Antimicrobial Activity of Some Indian Medicinal. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4(3), 313 318. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v4i3.31225
7. Dai, L.M., Tang, J., Li, H.L., Shen, Y.H., Peng, C.Y., & Zhang, W.D. (2009). A New Stilbene Glycoside from the n-butanol Fraction of Veratrum dahuricum. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45, 325-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9352-8.
8. Edmondson, J.R. (1984). In Davis, P.H., (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol.8). Edinburgh University Press.

9. Erel, O. (2004). A Novel Automated Direct Measurement Method for Total Antioxidant Capacity Using a New Generation, More Stable ABTS Radical Cation. Clinical Biochemistry, 37(4), 277- 285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015.
10. Erel, O. (2005). A New Automated Colorimetric Method for Measuring Total Oxidant Status. Clinical Biochemistry, 38(12), 1103 1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008.
11. Hanawa, F., Tahara, S., & Mizutani, J. (1992). Antifungal Stress Compounds from Veratrum grandiflorum Leaves Treated with Cupric Chloride. Phytochemistry, 31(9), 3005-3007. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83436-3.
12. Hollman, A. (2003). The Veratrum alkaloids, eclampsia of pregnancy, and hypertension. Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine, 8(4), 229-233.
13. Huang, H.Q., Li, H.L., Tang, J., Lv, Y.F., & Zhang, W.D. (2008). A New Aurone and Other Phenolic Constituents from Veratrum schindleri Loes. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36(7), 590-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2008.03.008
14. Hudson, J.B., Lee, M.K., Sener, B., & Erdemoglu, N. (2000). Antiviral Activities in Extracts of Turkish Medicinal Plants. Pharmaceutical Biology, 38(3), 171 175. https://doi.org/10.1076/1388-0209(200007)3831-SFT171
15. Ivanova, A., Serly, J., Christov, V., Stamboliyska, B., & Molnar, J. (2011). Alkaloids Derived from Genus Veratrum and Peganum of Mongolian Origin as Multidrug Resistance Inhibitors of Cancer Cells. Fitoterapia, 82(4), 570-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.01.015
16. Jacobson, M. (1958). Insecticides from plants, A review of the literature, 1941-1953. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
17. Krayer, O., & Acheson, G.H. (1946). The Pharmacology of the Veratrum Alkaloids. Physiological Reviews, 26(3), 383-446. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1946.26.3.383
18. Li, H.J., Jiang, Y., & Li, P. (2006). Chemistry, Bioactivity and Geographical Diversity of Steroidal Alkaloids From the Liliaceae family. Natural Product Reports, 23(5), 735-752. https://doi.org/10.1039/b609306j
19. Li, H.L., Tang, J., Liu, R.H., Lin, M., Wang, B., Lv, Y.F., Huang, H.Q., Zhang, C., & Zhang, W.D. (2007). Characterization and Identification of Steroidal Alkaloids in the Chinese Herb Veratrum nigrum L. by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization with Multi-Stage Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Communications Mass Spectrometry, 21(6), 869-879. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.2909
20. Liao, W.J., Yuan, Y.M., & Zhang, D.Y. (2007). Biogeography and Evolution of Flower Color in Veratrum (Melanthiaceae) Through Inference of a Phylogeny Based on Multiple DNA Markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 267, 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-007-0528-z
21. Lin, P., Cai, J., Li, J., Sang, W., & Su, Q. (2003). Constituents of the Essential Oil of Hemerocallis flava day lily. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(6), 539-541. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1264
22. Mulligan, A.G., & Munro D.B. (1987). The biology of canadian weeds 77. Veratrum viride Ait. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 67(3), 777-786. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-105
23. Nair, R., & Chanda, S.V. (2007). Antibacterial Activities of Some Medicinal Plants of Western Region of India. Turkish Journal of Biology, 31, 231 236. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/vol31/iss4/5
24. Rahman, A., Ali, R.A., Choudhary, M.I., Sener, B., & Turkoz, S. (1992). New Steroidal Alkaloids from Rhizomes of Veratrum album. Journal of Natural Products, 55(5), 565-570. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50083a002
25. Reveal, J.L., & Chase, M.W. (2011). APG III: Bibliographical Information and Synonymy of Magnoliidae. Phytotaxa, 19, 71-134. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.4
26. Rukaiyat, M., Garba, S., & Labaran, S. (2015). Antimicrobial Activities of Hexacosane Isolated from Sanseveria liberica (Gerome and Labroy) plant. Advancement in Medicinal Plant Research, 3(3), 120-125.
27. Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Davis, J.I., Pires, C., Stevenson, D.W., Chase, M.W., Fay, M.F., Devey, D.S., Jørgensen, T., Sytsma, K.J., & Pillon, Y. (2012). Phylogeny of the Asparagales Based on Three Plastid and Two Mitochondrial Genes. American Journal of Botany, 99(5), 875-889. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100468
28. Sener, B., & Rahman, A. (1996). New Bioactive Organic Compounds from Turkish Medicinal Plants. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, 115, 103- 107.
29. Sieradzki K., Wu S.W., & Tomasz, A. (1999). Inactivation of the Methicillin Resistance Gene mecA in Vancomycin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial Drug Resistance, 5(4), 253-257. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.1999.5.253
30. Singh, B., & Singh, S. (2003). Antimicrobial Activity of Terpenoids from Trichodesma amplexicaule Roth. Phytotherapy Research, 17(7), 814 816. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1202
31. Swiss, E.D., & Bauer, R.O. (1951). Acute toxicity of Veratrum derivatives. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 76(4), 847 849. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-76-18651
32. Tabanca, N., Ali, Z., Bernier, U.R., Epsky, N., Nalbantsoy, A., Khan, A.I., & Ali, A. (2018). Bioassay-Guided Isolation and Identification of Aedes aegypti Larvicidal and Biting Deterrent Compounds from Veratrum lobelianum. Open Chemistry, 16(1), 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0030
33. Tanaka, N.S., Suto, S., & Kobayashi, J. (2011). Veramadines A and B, New Steroidal Alkoloids from Veratrum maackii var. japonicum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 59(7), 909-912. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.59.909
34. Tang, J., Li, H.L., Shen, Y.H., Jin, H.Z., Yan, S.K., Liu, X.H., Zeng, H.W., Liu, R.H., Tan, Y.X., & Zhang, W.D. (2010). Antitumor and Antiplatelet Activity of Alkaloids from Veratrum dahuricum. Phytotherapy Research, 24(6), 821 826. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3022
35. Tosun, F., Akyüz Kızılay, Ç., Şener, B., & Vural, M. (2005). The Evaluation of Plants from Turkey for in Vitro Antimycobacterial Activity. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200590903372
36. URL-1: https://www.healthmug.com/product/dr-reckeweg-veratrum-album-1m-1000-ch-11ml/318972541
37. URL-2: https://butterflyexpress.shop/collections/blessed-water/products/veratrum-album-blessed-water
38. Wen, W.F., Zhao, W.J., & Wang, S.S. (2005). Recent progress in steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum. The Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Functional Molecules, Chine.
39. Wolters, B. (1970). Antimicrobial Activity of Veratrum Alkaloids. Planta Medica, 19(2), 189-96. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1099818
40. Zhou, C.X., Kong, L.D., Ye, W.C., Cheng, C.H., & Tan, R.X. (2001). Inhibition of Xanthine and Monoamine Oxidases by Stilbenoids from Veratrum taliense. Planta Medica, 67(2), 158-161. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-11500
41. Zhou, C.X., Tanaka, J., Cheng, C.H., Higa, T., & Tan, R.X. (1999). Steroidal Alkaloids and Stilbenoids from Veratrum taliense. Planta Medica, 65(5), 480 482. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960821
42. Zhu, R., Liu, Q., Tang, J., Li, H., & Cao, Z. (2011). Investigations on Inhibitors of Hedgehog Signal Pathway: a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(5), 3018-3033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12053018
43. Zomlefer, W.B., Whitten, M.W., Williams, N.H., & Judd, W.S. (2003). An Overview of Veratrum s.l. (Liliales: Melanthiaceae) and an Infrageneric Phylogeny Based on ITS Sequence Data. Systematic Botany, 28(2), 250-269. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3093995
44. Zomlefer, W.B., Williams, N.H., Whitten, W.M., & Judd, W.S. (2001). Generic Circumscription and Relationships in the Tribe Melanthieae (Liliales, Melanthiaceae), with Emphasis on Zigadenus: Evidence from ITS and trnL-F Sequence Data. American Journal of Botany, 88(9), 1657-1669. https://doi.org/10.2307/3558411