Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species

Farkhad Yeskendirov; Nashtay Mukhitdinov; Murat Ünal; Nasip Demirkuş; Bedia Bati; Ayşe Yenilmez

doi:10.21448/ijsm.1608275

Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species

Abstract

Worldwide, the Ephedra plant is one of the oldest medicinal herbs used in traditional alternative medicine. The medicinal varieties are utilized as stimulants and antiasthmatic agents for the treatment of colds, bronchial asthma, cough, fever, influenza, headache, edema, and allergies. In our study, it was aimed to determine the preliminary phytochemical composition of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species belonging to the Ephedra genus and to determine their antioxidant and DNA protective activity. Ephedra major is known to contain components such as flavonoids and tannins with a moderate ephedrine content and has been traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Ephedra equisetina, on the other hand, contains higher concentrations of ephedrine and other bioactive compounds and is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, and allergic reactions. When we look at the study findings, the total phenolic and flavonoid substance amounts in both plant species were determined at close levels in both tests, and it was seen that they contained phenolic and flavonoid substances and had antioxidant activity and DNA protection effect. In addition, it was observed that there was a DNA protection effect at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in the presence of Fenton in the medium.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Plant Biochemistry, Botany (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Farkhad Yeskendirov This is me
0009-0006-5530-971X
Kazakhstan

Nashtay Mukhitdinov This is me
0000-0003-3114-6013
Kazakhstan

Murat Ünal
0000-0002-6224-8269
Türkiye

Nasip Demirkuş
0000-0003-4195-070X
Türkiye

Bedia Bati
0000-0001-9501-7822
Türkiye

Ayşe Yenilmez ^*
0000-0003-0200-9052
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 1, 2025

Publication Date

December 5, 2025

Submission Date

December 27, 2024

Acceptance Date

August 3, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 12 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1608275

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23CL63ST

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yeskendirov, F., Mukhitdinov, N., Ünal, M., Demirkuş, N., Bati, B., & Yenilmez, A. (2025). Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 12(4), 935-943. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1608275

AMA

1.Yeskendirov F, Mukhitdinov N, Ünal M, Demirkuş N, Bati B, Yenilmez A. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2025;12(4):935-943. doi:10.21448/ijsm.1608275

Chicago

Yeskendirov, Farkhad, Nashtay Mukhitdinov, Murat Ünal, Nasip Demirkuş, Bedia Bati, and Ayşe Yenilmez. 2025. “Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and DNA Protective Activities of Ephedra Major and Ephedra Equisetina Species”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 12 (4): 935-43. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1608275.

EndNote

Yeskendirov F, Mukhitdinov N, Ünal M, Demirkuş N, Bati B, Yenilmez A (December 1, 2025) Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 12 4 935–943.

IEEE

[1]F. Yeskendirov, N. Mukhitdinov, M. Ünal, N. Demirkuş, B. Bati, and A. Yenilmez, “Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species”, Int. J. Sec. Metabolite, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 935–943, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.21448/ijsm.1608275.

ISNAD

Yeskendirov, Farkhad - Mukhitdinov, Nashtay - Ünal, Murat - Demirkuş, Nasip - Bati, Bedia - Yenilmez, Ayşe. “Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and DNA Protective Activities of Ephedra Major and Ephedra Equisetina Species”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite 12/4 (December 1, 2025): 935-943. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1608275.

JAMA

1.Yeskendirov F, Mukhitdinov N, Ünal M, Demirkuş N, Bati B, Yenilmez A. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2025;12:935–943.

MLA

Yeskendirov, Farkhad, et al. “Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and DNA Protective Activities of Ephedra Major and Ephedra Equisetina Species”. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, vol. 12, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 935-43, doi:10.21448/ijsm.1608275.

Vancouver

1.Farkhad Yeskendirov, Nashtay Mukhitdinov, Murat Ünal, Nasip Demirkuş, Bedia Bati, Ayşe Yenilmez. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and DNA protective activities of Ephedra major and Ephedra equisetina species. Int. J. Sec. Metabolite. 2025 Dec. 1;12(4):935-43. doi:10.21448/ijsm.1608275