Tarımsal Üretimde Yararlanılan Trichoderma Ürünleri ve Metabolitleri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 123 - 136, 01.07.2017

Evrim Özkale

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.265981

Cited By: 4

Öz

Fitopatojenik
ajanların sebep olduğu bitki hastalıklarıyla, önemli ölçüde ürün kayıpları
meydana gelmektedir. Dünya üzerindeki birçok ülkede,  tarımda pestisit uygulamalarını ve
bağımlılığını azaltacak, tüketici ve çevre güvenliğini arttıracak yasal
yaptırımlar uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Yönetmelikler ile integre zararlı
düzenlemesinin uygulamaya konulmasını teşvik edecek gerekli şartların oluşumuna
ve aynı zamanda ticari ürünlerin güvenliğinin sağlanmasına da çalışılmaktadır. Trichoderma spp. mikrobiyal biyokontrol
ajanı olarak en yaygın kullanılan ve çalışılan funguslar arasındadır. Trichoderma ürünleri, biyopestisit,
biyofungusit, biyoinokulant, biyo-stimulant, biyodekompoze edici, biyofertilize
edici ve bitki büyüme teşvikleyicileri olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yararlı
etkileri için bitkilerle muamele edilmelerinin altında yatan başlıca
mekanizmalar;  mikoparazitizm veya
hiperparazitizm, antibiyozis, kompetisyon, hücre duvarlı litik enzim
aktivitesi, bitki büyümesinin arttırılması, toprakta bulunan besin
elementlerinin kazanımı ve bitki savunma cevaplarının indüklenmesi olarak
sayılabilir. Bu derlemede, tarımsal üretimde yararlanılan Trichoderma türleri ve başlıca
sekonder metabolitleri ile fungal patojenler veya bitkiler ile arasındaki
interaksiyonlar üzerine odaklanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trichoderma, biyokontrol, fungal patojen

Trichoderma–based Products and Metabolites Used in Agricultural Production

Öz

Phytopathogenic
agents cause considerable crop losses incurred by plant diseases worldwide. The
most goverments in World, have started to implement legislative mandates in
order to reduce the pesticide applications and dependency in agriculture and
increase the environmental and consumers safety. By implementing integrated
pest management [IPM], it is aimed to establish the necessary conditions to
employ these practices. Trichoderma
is among the best known and widely used fungal genera as biocontrol agent. Products
of Trichoderma and itself, are
promoted as bio-pesticide, bio-fungicide, bio-inoculant, bio-stimulant,
bio-decomposer, bio-fertilizer, plant growth stimulator. Main mechanisms
underlying its beneficial properties are; mycoparasitism, hyperparasitism,
antibiosis, competition, cell wall lytic enzymes, enhancement of plant growth,
acquisiton of soil nutrients, induction of plant defense responses. In this review, we focused on the Trichoderma and its secondary
metabolites that are used in agriculture and their interactions between
phytopathogens and plants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trichoderma, biocontrol, fungal pathogen

Kaynakça

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