Effect of Magnetic Field Treatments on Seed Germination of Melissa officinalis L.

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, Special Issue 1, 43 - 49, 25.11.2017

Canan Ulgen Arzu Birinci Yıldırım Arzu Uçar Turker

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.356283

Cited By: 2

Öz

Melissa officinalis L., commonly known as lemon balm, is a perennial herb belonging to Lamiaceae family. It has therapeutic properties, such as sedative, carminative, antispasmodic, anti-viral, wound healing, digestive, diuretic, diaphoretic, anti-septic and anti-thyroid. Lemon balm has been used for the treatment of headache, indigestion, colic, nervousness, cardiac problems, depression, rheumatism, indigestion, hypersensitivities, anxiety and depression traditionally. Beneficial effects of lemon balm are ascribed to the phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid, tannins and flavonoids. Studies showed that magnetic field applications in agriculture can be used to improve the quality and quantity of the product. Positive effects of the stationary magnetic field on the plant seed germination have been recorded with some plant species. In this study, effects of magnetic field on M. officinalis seeds were investigated. Seeds were sterilized in 0.1 % HgCl2 for 10 min and 70 % Ethanol for 1-2 min. After surface sterilization of the seeds, they were placed in petri dishes containing Murashige and Skoog’s medium with sucrose and agar. Neodymium block magnets (100 X 50 X 5 mm) were used to create magnetic fields (50 mT and 100 mT). Ten seeds were placed in each petri plates and 10 petri plates were used for each treatment. Petri dishes containing surface sterilized seeds were placed in 3 different conditions [without magnetic field application (control) and magnetic field applications (low-50 mT and high-100 mT)] and the germination (radicle protrusion) was assessed. Seeds were exposed to magnetic fields for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 144 and 240 hours. The number of germinated seeds was recorded for 20 days. Best seed germination was obtained with 100 mT magnetic field application for 1 hour (52 %). Seed germination rate was rather low (28 %) without magnetic field application (control). In consistent with 100 mT magnetic field application, 1 hour exposure to 50 mT magnetic field gave better germination rate (36 %) than control. The lowest seed germination was observed with 240 hours exposure to both magnetic fields (27 % for 100 mT and 16 % for 50 mT). Magnetic field applications also decreased the seed germination time. Although seed germination was observed in 11. day with control, it was obtained in 7. day with both magnetic field applications. Magnetic field application enhanced the percentage of germinated seed and shortened the period of seed germination in M. officinalis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Magnetic field, Melissa officinalis, seed germination

Effect of Magnetic Field Treatments on Seed Germination of Melissa officinalis L.

Öz

Melissa officinalis L., commonly known as lemon balm, is a perennial herb
belonging to Lamiaceae family. It has therapeutic properties, such as sedative,
carminative, antispasmodic, anti-viral, wound healing, digestive, diuretic, diaphoretic,
anti-septic and anti-thyroid. Lemon balm has been used for the treatment of headache,
indigestion, colic, nervousness, cardiac problems, depression, rheumatism, indigestion,
hypersensitivities, anxiety and depression traditionally. Beneficial effects of
lemon balm are ascribed to the phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid, tannins
and flavonoids. Studies showed that magnetic field applications in agriculture can
be used to improve the quality and quantity of the product. Positive effects of
the stationary magnetic field on the plant seed germination have been recorded with
some plant species. In this study, effects of magnetic field on M. officinalis seeds were investigated. Seeds
were sterilized in 0.1 % HgCl₂ for 10 min and 70 % Ethanol for 1-2 min.  After surface sterilization of the seeds, they
were placed in petri dishes containing Murashige and Skoog’s medium with sucrose
and agar. Neodymium block magnets (100 X 50 X 5 mm) were used to create magnetic
fields (50 mT and 100 mT).  Ten seeds were
placed in each petri plates and 10 petri plates were used for each treatment. Petri
dishes containing surface sterilized seeds were placed in 3 different conditions
[without magnetic field application (control) and magnetic field applications (low-50
mT and high-100 mT)] and the germination (radicle protrusion) was assessed. Seeds
were exposed to magnetic fields for 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 144 and 240 hours.
The number of germinated seeds was recorded for 20 days. Best seed germination was
obtained with 100 mT magnetic field application for 1 hour (52 %). Seed germination
rate was rather low (28 %) without magnetic field application (control). In consistent
with 100 mT magnetic field application, 1 hour exposure to 50 mT magnetic field
gave better germination rate (36 %) than control. The lowest seed germination was
observed with 240 hours exposure to both magnetic fields (27 % for 100 mT and 16
% for 50 mT). Magnetic field applications also decreased the seed germination time.
Although seed germination was observed in 11. day with control, it was obtained
in 7. day with both magnetic field applications. Magnetic field application enhanced
the percentage of germinated seed and shortened the period of seed germination in
M. officinalis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Magnetic field, Melissa officinalis, seed germination

Kaynakça

• Davis P.H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands vol. 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
• Moradkhani, H., Sargsyan, E., Bibak, H., Naseri, B., Sadat-Hosseini, M., Fayazi-Barjin, A., & Meftahizade, H. (2010). Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(25), 2753-2759.
• Meftahizade, H., Lotfi, M., & Moradkhani, H. (2010). Optimization of micropropagation and establishment of cell suspension culture in Melissa officinalis L. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(28), 4314-4321.
• Tavares, A. C., Pimenta, M. C., & Goncalves, M. T. (1996). Micropropagation of Melissa officinalis L. through proliferation of axillary shoots. Plant cell reports, 15(6), 441-444.
• Grieve, M. (1982). A Modern Herbal, Vol 1. New York: Dover Publications.
• Chevallier, A. (1996). The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. London: Dorling Kindersley; (p. 185). ISBN 9-780751-303148.
• Baytop, T. (1999). Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
• Petersen, M., & Simmonds, M. S. (2003). Rosmarinic acid. Phytochemistry, 62(2), 121-125.
• Weitzel, C., & Petersen, M. (2011). Cloning and characterisation of rosmarinic acid synthase from Melissa officinalis L. Phytochemistry, 72(7), 572-578.
• Abdellatif, F., Boudjella, H., Zitouni, A., & Hassani, A. (2014). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from leaves of Algerian Melissa officinalis L. EXCLI journal, 13, 772.
• Dobelis, I. N. (1986). Magic and medicine of plants. Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association, p702.
• Barros, L., Dueñas, M., Dias, M. I., Sousa, M. J., Santos-Buelga, C., & Ferreira, I. C. (2013). Phenolic profiles of cultivated, in vitro cultured and commercial samples of Melissa officinalis L. infusions. Food chemistry, 136(1), 1-8.
• Moradkhani, H., Sargsyan, E., Bibak, H., Naseri, B., Sadat-Hosseini, M., Fayazi-Barjin, A., & Meftahizade, H. (2010). Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(25), 2753-2759.
• Flórez, M., Martínez, E., & Carbonell, M. V. (2012). Effect of magnetic field treatment on germination of medicinal plants Salvia officinalis L. and Calendula officinalis L. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21(1).
• Racuciu, M., Galugaru, G., & Creanga, D. E. (2006). Static magnetic field influence on some plant growth. Romanian Journal of Physics, 51(1/2), 245.
• Aladjadjiyan, A. (2010). Influence of stationary magnetic field on lentil seeds. Int. Agrophys, 24(3), 321-324.
• Subber, A. R., Hail, R. C. A., Jabail, W. A., & Hussein, H. F. (2012). Effects of magnetic field on the growth development of Zea mays seeds. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour, 2(3), 456-459.
• Carbonell, M. V., Martinez, E., & Amaya, J. M. (2000). Stimulation of germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by a static magnetic field. Electro-and magnetobiology, 19(1), 121-128.
• Martinez, E., Carbonell, M. V., & Amaya, J. M. (2000). Stimulation on the initial stages on growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) by 125 mT stationary magnetic field. J. Electro. Magnetic Biol, 19(3), 271-277.
• Garcia Reina, F., & Arza Pascual, L. (2001). Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. Part I: Theoretical considerations. Bioelectromagnetics, 22(8), 596-602.
• Martinez, E., Carbonell, M. V., & Florez, M. (2002). Magnetic biostimulation of initial growth stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.). Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 21(1), 43-53.
• Flórez, M., Carbonell, M. V., & Martínez, E. (2004). Early sprouting and first stages of growth of rice seeds exposed to a magnetic field. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 23(2), 157-166.
• Florez, M., Carbonell, M. V., & Martínez, E. (2007). Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: Effects on germination and early growth. Environmental and experimental botany, 59(1), 68-75.
• Murashige, T., & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia plantarum, 15(3), 473-497.
• Yalçin, S., & Tayyar, Ş. (2011). Oğulotu tohumlarının çimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine manyetik alanın etkisi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 190-197.
• Pittman, U. J., & Ormrod, D. P. (1970). Physiological and chemical features of magnetically treated winter wheat seeds and resultant seedlings. Canadian journal of plant science, 50(3), 211-217.
• Kavi, P. S. (1977). The effect of magnetic treatment of soybean seed on its moisture absorbing capacity [India]. Science and Culture, 43(9): 405-406.
• Vashisth, A., Singh, R., & Joshi, D. K. (2013). Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Germination and Seedling Attributes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Journal of Agricultural Physics, 13(2), 182-185.
• Reina, F. G., Pascual, L. A., & Fundora, I. A. (2001). Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. Part II: experimental results. Bioelectromagnetics, 22(8), 596-602.