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RP-HPLC-UV Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antimicrobial Activity Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L.ctivity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L.

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 237 - 246, 15.12.2020

Zeynep Akar , Aylin Karakurt Funda Okumuş Sedanur Cinemre Azer Özad Düzgün , Bülent Akar , Zehra Can

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.714108
Cited By: 5

Abstract

The object of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phenolic compounds of fruit and seeds of Diospyros lotus L. The fruits consumed by humans as nutrients were harvested from the plants that grow naturally in the province of Trabzon-Akçaabat, Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The antioxidant activities of fruit and seeds of Diospyros lotus were determined by using four methods (% DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP antioxidant power determination, CUPRAC reducing antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) in five different proportion of methanol-water extracts. All extracts of fruit and seeds of D. lotus analyzed through whole antioxidant analysis methods showed significant antioxidant activity. In addition, antimicrobial activity of fruit and seeds extracted with DMSO was determined against seven standard bacteria and three multi-drug resistance clinical strains. Although fruit extracts did not have the antimicrobial activity against bacteria, seeds showed antimicrobial effect to both standard strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and antibiotic resistance clinical isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC, Acinetobacter baumannii, harboring blaOXA-23 gene and resistance to colistin, and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa). MICs’ value of plant seed extracts for standard strains was 0.75-25 mg/mL and antibiotic resistant clinical bacteria were 12.5 and 25 mg/mL. Additionally, phenolic compounds in methanol extracts of fruit and seeds were also determined in by HPLC using 19 standards. Gallic acid and chrysin phenolic compounds were the major phenolic compounds in fruit and seeds, respectively.

Keywords

Antioxidant Diospyros lotus Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria Phenolic Compounds

References

  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge J.M.C. (1990). Role of Free Radicals and Catalytic Metal Ions in Human Disease: An Overview. Method Enzymol., 186, 1-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-b
  • Panayiotidis, M. (2008). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Multistage Carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett., 266(1), 3-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.027
  • Ferlay, J., Autier, P., Boniol, M., Heanue, M., Colombet, M., Boyle, P. (2007). Estimates of the Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann. Oncol., 18(3), 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl498
  • Ferlay, J., Colombet, M., Soerjomataram, I., Mathers, C., Parkin, D.M., Piñeros, M., Znaor, A., Bray, F. (2019). Estimating the Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN Sources and Methods. Int. J. Cancer, 144(8), 1941-1953. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31937
  • Ames, B.M., Shigenaga, M.K., Hagen, T.M. (1993). Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Degenerative Diseases of Aging. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 90, 7915-7922. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915
  • Valle, I., Álvarez-Barrientos, A., Arza, E., Lamas, S., Monsalve, M. (2005). PGC-1α Regulates the Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense System in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cardiovasc. Res., 66(3), 562-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.01.026
  • Li, B., Webster, T.J. (2018). Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance: New Challenges and Opportunities for Implant‐Associated Orthopedic Infections. Journal of J. Orthopaed. Res., 36(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.23656
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 2014, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN: 978924156474 8.
  • Kardas, P., Devine, S., Golembesky, A., Roberts, C. (2005). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Misuse of Antibiotic Therapies in the Community. Int. J. Antimicrob. Ag., 26(2), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.04.017
  • Górniak, I., Bartoszewski, R., Króliczewski, J. (2019). Comprehensive Review of Antimicrobial Activities of Plant Flavonoids. Phytochem. Rev., 18(1), 241-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z
  • Tanrıkulu, G.İ., Ertürk, Ö., Yavuz, C., Can, Z., Çakır, H.E. (2017). Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and extracts of Lamiaceae family (Ocimum basilicum and Thymbra spicata) from Turkey. Int. J. Second. Metab., 4(3-2), 340-348. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.373828
  • Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., Ibnsouda, S.K., (2016). Methods For in Vitro Evaluating Antimicrobial Activity: A Review. J. Pharm. Anal., 6(2), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
  • Akar, Z., Küçük, M., Doğan, H. (2017). A New Colorimetric DPPH• Scavenging Activity Method with No Need for a Spectrophotometer Applied on Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants and Medicinal Herbs. J. Enzym Inhib. Med. Ch., 32(1), 640-647. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2017.1284068
  • Veeresham, C. (2012). Natural Products Derived From Plants as a Source of Drugs. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res., 3(4), 200-201. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.104709
  • Uddin, G., Rauf, A., Siddiqui, B.S., Muhammad, N., Khan, A., Shah, S.U.A. (2014). Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory and Sedative Activities of the Extracts and Chemical Constituents of Diospyros lotus L. Phytomedicine, 21(7), 954-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.001
  • Gao, H., Cheng, N., Zhou, J., Wang, B., Deng, J.J., Cao, W. (2014). Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds of Date Plum Persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) Fruits. J. Food Sci. Technol., 51(5), 950-956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0591-x
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadioglu, A. (1999). Fatty Acid Compositional Changes in Developing Persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) Fruit. New Zeal. J. Crop Hort., 27, 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1999.9514104
  • Yildirim, N., Ercisli, S., Agar, G., Orhan, E., Hizarci, Y. (2010). Genetic Variation among Date Plum (Diospyros lotus) Genotypes in Turkey. Genet. Mol. Res., 9(2), 981-986.
  • Yılmaz, B., Genç, A., Çimen, B., İncesu, M., Yeşiloğlu, T. (2017). Characterization of Morphological Traits of Local and Global Persimmon Varieties and Genotypes Collected From Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For., 41(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1611-27
  • Loizzo, M.R., Said, A., Tundis, R., Hawas, U.W., Rashed, K., Menichini, F., Frega, N.G., Menichini, F. (2009). Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Diospyros lotus L. Extract and Isolated Compounds. Plant Food. Hum. Nutr., 64(4), 264-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0133-0
  • Nabavi, S.M., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F., Fazelian, M., Eslami, B. (2009). In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Diospyros lotus and Pyrus boissieriana Growing in Iran. Pharmacogn. Mag., 5(18), 122-126.
  • Uddin, G., Rauf, A., Siddiqui, B.S., Shah, S.Q. (2011). Preliminary Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Diospyros lotus Stewart. Middle East J. Sci. Res., 10(1), 78-81.
  • Moghaddam, A.H., Nabavi, S.M,. Nabavi, S.F., Bigdellou, R., Mohammadzadeh, S., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., (2012). Antioxidant, Antihemolytic and Nephroprotective Activity of Aqueous Extract of Diospyros lotus seeds. Acta Pol. Pharm., 69, 687-692.
  • Rashed, K., Zhang, X.J., Luo, M.T., Zheng, Y.T., (2012). Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Phenolic Compounds Isolated From Diospyros lotus Fruits. Phytopharmacology, 3(2), 199-207.
  • Saral, S., Ozcelik, E., Cetin, A., Saral, O., Basak, N., Aydın, M., Ciftci, O. (2016). Protective Role of Diospyros lotus on Cisplatin‐Induced Changes in Sperm Characteristics, Testicular Damage and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Andrologia, 48(3), 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12448
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoğlu, A., Hayırlıoğlu, S. (1995). Determination of Some Mono-and Disaccharides in The Fruits of Diospyros lotus L. Using Gas Chromatography. Turk. J. Bot., 19, 493-495.
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoǧlu, A., Reunanen, M. (1997). Changes in Phenolic Acid Contents of Diospyros lotus L. During Fruit Development. J. Agr. Food. Chem., 45(7), 2539-2541. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960741c
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoğlu, A. (1998). Nonvolatile Acid Composition during Fruit Development of Diospyros lotus L. Turk. J. Bot., 22(2): 69-72.
  • Glew, R.H., Ayaz, F.A., Millson, M., Huang, H.S., Chuang, L.T., Sanz, C., Golding, J.B. (2005). Changes in Sugars, Acids and Fatty Acids in Naturally Parthenocarpic Date Plum Persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) Fruit during Maturation and Ripening. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 221(1 ̶ 2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-1201-9
  • Can, Z., Baltas, N. (2016). Bioactivity and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Stevia rebaudiana. Curr. Enzym Inhib., 12(2), 188-194. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340801266 6160402001925
  • Cuendet, M., Hostettmann, K., Potterat, O., Dyatmiko, W. (1997). Iridoid Glucosides with Free Radical Scavenging Properties from Fagraea blumei. Helv. Chim. Acta, 80(4), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19970800411
  • Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. Anal. Biochem., 239(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, Using Their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in The Presence of Neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. J. Agr. Food Chem., 52(26), 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  • Slinkard, K., Singleton, V.L., (1977). Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 28(1), 49-55.
  • Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D., Tsai, H.L. (2002). Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Properties of Ascorbic Acid and Gallic Acid. Food Chem., 79(3), 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00145-0
  • Chanwitheesuk, A., Teerawutgulrag, A, Kilburn J.D., Rakariyatham, N. (2007). Antimicrobial Gallic Acid from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk. Food Chem., 100(3), 1044-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.008
  • Samarghandian, S., Afshari, J.T., Davoodi S. (2011). Chrysin Reduces Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line Pc-3. Clinics, 66(6), 1073-1079. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322011000600026
  • Mani, R, Natesan, V. (2018). Chrysin: Sources, Beneficial Pharmacological Activities, and Molecular Mechanism of Action. Phytochemistry, 145, 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.016
  • Salimi, A., Pourahmad, J. (2018). Role of Natural Compounds in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Polyphenols: Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease, 2nd ed.; Watson R.R., Preedy, V.R., Zibadi, S. Eds,; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2018, Volume 1-2, pp 195-203. ISBN: 9780128130094

RP-HPLC-UV Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antimicrobial Activity Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L.ctivity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L.

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 237 - 246, 15.12.2020

Zeynep Akar , Aylin Karakurt Funda Okumuş Sedanur Cinemre Azer Özad Düzgün , Bülent Akar , Zehra Can

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.714108
Cited By: 5

Abstract

The object of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phenolic compounds of fruit and seeds of Diospyros lotus L. The fruits consumed by humans as nutrients were harvested from the plants that grow naturally in the province of Trabzon-Akçaabat, Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. The antioxidant activities of fruit and seeds of Diospyros lotus were determined by using four methods (% DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP antioxidant power determination, CUPRAC reducing antioxidant activity and total phenolic content (TPC) in five different proportion of methanol-water extracts. All extracts of fruit and seeds of D. lotus analyzed through whole antioxidant analysis methods showed significant antioxidant activity. In addition, antimicrobial activity of fruit and seeds extracted with DMSO was determined against seven standard bacteria and three multi-drug resistance clinical strains. Although fruit extracts did not have the antimicrobial activity against bacteria, seeds showed antimicrobial effect to both standard strains (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and antibiotic resistance clinical isolates (Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying blaKPC, Acinetobacter baumannii, harboring blaOXA-23 gene and resistance to colistin, and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa). MICs’ value of plant seed extracts for standard strains was 0.75-25 mg/mL and antibiotic resistant clinical bacteria were 12.5 and 25 mg/mL. Additionally, phenolic compounds in methanol extracts of fruit and seeds were also determined in by HPLC using 19 standards. Gallic acid and chrysin phenolic compounds were the major phenolic compounds in fruit and seeds, respectively.

Keywords

Antioxidant Diospyros lotus Multi-drug Resistant Bacteria Phenolic Compounds

References

  • Halliwell, B., Gutteridge J.M.C. (1990). Role of Free Radicals and Catalytic Metal Ions in Human Disease: An Overview. Method Enzymol., 186, 1-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-b
  • Panayiotidis, M. (2008). Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Multistage Carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett., 266(1), 3-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.027
  • Ferlay, J., Autier, P., Boniol, M., Heanue, M., Colombet, M., Boyle, P. (2007). Estimates of the Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Europe in 2006. Ann. Oncol., 18(3), 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl498
  • Ferlay, J., Colombet, M., Soerjomataram, I., Mathers, C., Parkin, D.M., Piñeros, M., Znaor, A., Bray, F. (2019). Estimating the Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality in 2018: GLOBOCAN Sources and Methods. Int. J. Cancer, 144(8), 1941-1953. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31937
  • Ames, B.M., Shigenaga, M.K., Hagen, T.M. (1993). Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Degenerative Diseases of Aging. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 90, 7915-7922. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915
  • Valle, I., Álvarez-Barrientos, A., Arza, E., Lamas, S., Monsalve, M. (2005). PGC-1α Regulates the Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense System in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Cardiovasc. Res., 66(3), 562-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.01.026
  • Li, B., Webster, T.J. (2018). Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance: New Challenges and Opportunities for Implant‐Associated Orthopedic Infections. Journal of J. Orthopaed. Res., 36(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.23656
  • WHO (World Health Organization). (2014). Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance 2014, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN: 978924156474 8.
  • Kardas, P., Devine, S., Golembesky, A., Roberts, C. (2005). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Misuse of Antibiotic Therapies in the Community. Int. J. Antimicrob. Ag., 26(2), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.04.017
  • Górniak, I., Bartoszewski, R., Króliczewski, J. (2019). Comprehensive Review of Antimicrobial Activities of Plant Flavonoids. Phytochem. Rev., 18(1), 241-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z
  • Tanrıkulu, G.İ., Ertürk, Ö., Yavuz, C., Can, Z., Çakır, H.E. (2017). Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and extracts of Lamiaceae family (Ocimum basilicum and Thymbra spicata) from Turkey. Int. J. Second. Metab., 4(3-2), 340-348. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.373828
  • Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., Ibnsouda, S.K., (2016). Methods For in Vitro Evaluating Antimicrobial Activity: A Review. J. Pharm. Anal., 6(2), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
  • Akar, Z., Küçük, M., Doğan, H. (2017). A New Colorimetric DPPH• Scavenging Activity Method with No Need for a Spectrophotometer Applied on Synthetic and Natural Antioxidants and Medicinal Herbs. J. Enzym Inhib. Med. Ch., 32(1), 640-647. https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2017.1284068
  • Veeresham, C. (2012). Natural Products Derived From Plants as a Source of Drugs. J. Adv. Pharm. Technol. Res., 3(4), 200-201. https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.104709
  • Uddin, G., Rauf, A., Siddiqui, B.S., Muhammad, N., Khan, A., Shah, S.U.A. (2014). Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory and Sedative Activities of the Extracts and Chemical Constituents of Diospyros lotus L. Phytomedicine, 21(7), 954-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.001
  • Gao, H., Cheng, N., Zhou, J., Wang, B., Deng, J.J., Cao, W. (2014). Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Compounds of Date Plum Persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) Fruits. J. Food Sci. Technol., 51(5), 950-956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0591-x
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadioglu, A. (1999). Fatty Acid Compositional Changes in Developing Persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) Fruit. New Zeal. J. Crop Hort., 27, 257-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/01140671.1999.9514104
  • Yildirim, N., Ercisli, S., Agar, G., Orhan, E., Hizarci, Y. (2010). Genetic Variation among Date Plum (Diospyros lotus) Genotypes in Turkey. Genet. Mol. Res., 9(2), 981-986.
  • Yılmaz, B., Genç, A., Çimen, B., İncesu, M., Yeşiloğlu, T. (2017). Characterization of Morphological Traits of Local and Global Persimmon Varieties and Genotypes Collected From Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. For., 41(2), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1611-27
  • Loizzo, M.R., Said, A., Tundis, R., Hawas, U.W., Rashed, K., Menichini, F., Frega, N.G., Menichini, F. (2009). Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Diospyros lotus L. Extract and Isolated Compounds. Plant Food. Hum. Nutr., 64(4), 264-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-009-0133-0
  • Nabavi, S.M., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F., Fazelian, M., Eslami, B. (2009). In Vitro Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Diospyros lotus and Pyrus boissieriana Growing in Iran. Pharmacogn. Mag., 5(18), 122-126.
  • Uddin, G., Rauf, A., Siddiqui, B.S., Shah, S.Q. (2011). Preliminary Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Diospyros lotus Stewart. Middle East J. Sci. Res., 10(1), 78-81.
  • Moghaddam, A.H., Nabavi, S.M,. Nabavi, S.F., Bigdellou, R., Mohammadzadeh, S., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., (2012). Antioxidant, Antihemolytic and Nephroprotective Activity of Aqueous Extract of Diospyros lotus seeds. Acta Pol. Pharm., 69, 687-692.
  • Rashed, K., Zhang, X.J., Luo, M.T., Zheng, Y.T., (2012). Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Phenolic Compounds Isolated From Diospyros lotus Fruits. Phytopharmacology, 3(2), 199-207.
  • Saral, S., Ozcelik, E., Cetin, A., Saral, O., Basak, N., Aydın, M., Ciftci, O. (2016). Protective Role of Diospyros lotus on Cisplatin‐Induced Changes in Sperm Characteristics, Testicular Damage and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Andrologia, 48(3), 308-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.12448
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoğlu, A., Hayırlıoğlu, S. (1995). Determination of Some Mono-and Disaccharides in The Fruits of Diospyros lotus L. Using Gas Chromatography. Turk. J. Bot., 19, 493-495.
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoǧlu, A., Reunanen, M. (1997). Changes in Phenolic Acid Contents of Diospyros lotus L. During Fruit Development. J. Agr. Food. Chem., 45(7), 2539-2541. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf960741c
  • Ayaz, F.A., Kadıoğlu, A. (1998). Nonvolatile Acid Composition during Fruit Development of Diospyros lotus L. Turk. J. Bot., 22(2): 69-72.
  • Glew, R.H., Ayaz, F.A., Millson, M., Huang, H.S., Chuang, L.T., Sanz, C., Golding, J.B. (2005). Changes in Sugars, Acids and Fatty Acids in Naturally Parthenocarpic Date Plum Persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) Fruit during Maturation and Ripening. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 221(1 ̶ 2), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-005-1201-9
  • Can, Z., Baltas, N. (2016). Bioactivity and Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Stevia rebaudiana. Curr. Enzym Inhib., 12(2), 188-194. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340801266 6160402001925
  • Cuendet, M., Hostettmann, K., Potterat, O., Dyatmiko, W. (1997). Iridoid Glucosides with Free Radical Scavenging Properties from Fagraea blumei. Helv. Chim. Acta, 80(4), 1144-1152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19970800411
  • Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J. (1996). The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay. Anal. Biochem., 239(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, Using Their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in The Presence of Neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. J. Agr. Food Chem., 52(26), 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  • Slinkard, K., Singleton, V.L., (1977). Total Phenol Analysis: Automation and Comparison with Manual Methods. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 28(1), 49-55.
  • Yen, G.C., Duh, P.D., Tsai, H.L. (2002). Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Properties of Ascorbic Acid and Gallic Acid. Food Chem., 79(3), 307-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00145-0
  • Chanwitheesuk, A., Teerawutgulrag, A, Kilburn J.D., Rakariyatham, N. (2007). Antimicrobial Gallic Acid from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk. Food Chem., 100(3), 1044-1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.008
  • Samarghandian, S., Afshari, J.T., Davoodi S. (2011). Chrysin Reduces Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line Pc-3. Clinics, 66(6), 1073-1079. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322011000600026
  • Mani, R, Natesan, V. (2018). Chrysin: Sources, Beneficial Pharmacological Activities, and Molecular Mechanism of Action. Phytochemistry, 145, 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.016
  • Salimi, A., Pourahmad, J. (2018). Role of Natural Compounds in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Polyphenols: Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease, 2nd ed.; Watson R.R., Preedy, V.R., Zibadi, S. Eds,; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2018, Volume 1-2, pp 195-203. ISBN: 9780128130094
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Akar 0000-0001-9262-8070

Aylin Karakurt This is me 0000-0002-4755-6669

Funda Okumuş This is me 0000-0002-2494-7050

Sedanur Cinemre This is me 0000-0001-9556-9678

Azer Özad Düzgün 0000-0002-6301-611X

Bülent Akar 0000-0002-1421-374X

Zehra Can 0000-0002-7156-4941

Publication Date December 15, 2020
Submission Date April 3, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Akar, Z., Karakurt, A., Okumuş, F., Cinemre, S., et al. (2020). RP-HPLC-UV Analysis of the Phenolic Compounds, Antimicrobial Activity Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L.ctivity of Fruit and Seed of Diospyros lotus L. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite, 7(4), 237-246. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.714108

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Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of Diospyros lotus L. essential oil with supercritical fluid extraction
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International Journal of Secondary Metabolite

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