Innovative methods for extraction of essential oils from medicinal plants

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 190 - 230, 16.06.2023

Yogesh Murti Divya Jain Bhupesh Chander Semwal Sonıa Sıngh , Pracheta Janmeda Pranav Bhaskar

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1121860

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Essential oils are concentrated liquids of intricate combinations of volatile substances, extracted from various plant parts. Several bioactive substances with antibacterial and antioxidant activities are abundant in essential oils. Some essential oils have also been employed in medicine. Due to the risk associated with employing synthetic preservatives, the use of essential oils as natural additives for extending the shelf life of food products has also drawn considerable attention. They are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries for their functional properties. There are various methods for extraction, but both the quality and the percentage yield of essential oil never remain the same. So, innovative and non-conventional techniques of essential oils extraction from medicinal plants were evoled to get quantitative and qualitative yield. In the present article, we searched and reviewed innovative techniques used for the extraction of essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants through electronic searches of PubMed, Medline, Wiley, Scopus, and Google Scholar. For the extraction of essential oils, several innovative/non-conventional techniques have been reported in literature. Extraction of essential oil by using innovative techniques retards the risk of losing the essential components of plants, maintains the quality, reduces chemical risk, extraction time, acts eco-friendly, and increases the percentage yield of the essential oils. This paper presents the success story of innovative extraction methods of essential oils in accordance with sustainable development and environmental protection.

Keywords

Essential oil, Extraction, Innovative extraction methods, Medicinal plants Pharmaceutical application

Thanks

The authors show their deep gratitude towards the Central Library of GLA University, Mathura, for providing literature through DELNET service. The authors also acknowledge the Bioinformatics Centre, Banasthali Vidyapith (supported by DBT and DST) for providing computation and networking support through the FIST and CURIE programs at the Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan.

References

• Abbasi-Maleki, S., Kadkhoda, Z., & Taghizad-Farid, R. (2019). The antidepressant-like effects of Origanum majorana essential oil on mice through monoaminergic modulation using the forced swimming test. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 10(4), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.01.003
• Afzal, A., Munir, A., Ghafoor, A., & Alvarado, J.L. (2017). Development of hybrid solar distillation system for essential oil extraction. Renewal Energy, 113, 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.027
• Aghajani, Z., Akhbari, M., & Esmaeili, E. (2014). Comparative study of antioxidant activity of different extracts and essential oil compositions obtained from Artemisia sieberi Besser using two different methods. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 30(1), 181-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/300121
• Ahmed, S.S., Ibrahim, M.E., & Khalid, K.A. (2015). Investigation of essential oil constituents isolated from Trichodesma africanum (L.) grow wild in Egypt. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 9, 248-251. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2015.248.251
• Akgu, M., Akgu, N.A., & Dincer, S. (2000). Extraction and modeling of lavender flower essential oil using supercritical carbon dioxide. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 39, 473-477. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie9904798
• Akinyemi, A.J., & Adeniyi, P.A. (2018). Effect of essential oils from ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes on some inflammatory biomarkers in cadmium induced neurotoxicity in rats. Journal of Toxicology, 2018, 4109491. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4109491
• Alam, A., Rehman, N.U., Ansari, M.N., & Palla, A.H. (2021). Effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum grown in India and Guatemala on Gram-negative bacteria and gastrointestinal disorders. Molecules, 26, 2546. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092546
• Aldoghaim, F.S., Flematti, G.R., & Hammer, K.A. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of several cineole-rich Western Australian eucalyptus essential oils. Microorganisms, 6(4), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6040122
• Al-Hilphy, A.R., Ahmed, A.K., Gavahian, M., Chen, H.H., Chemat, F., Thamer, K M., Al-Behadli, Z.M., Nor, M., & Ahmad. S. (2022). Solar energy-based extraction of essential oils from cloves, cinnamon, orange, lemon, eucalyptus, and cardamom: A clean energy technology for green extraction. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45, e14038. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.14038
• Ali-Shtayeh, M.S., Jamous, R.M., Abu-Zaitoun, S.Y., Khasati, A.I., & Kalbouneh, S.R. (2019). Biological properties and bioactive components of Mentha spicata L. essential oil: Focus on potential benefits in the treatment of obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, dermatophytosis, and drug-resistant infections. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019, 3834265. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3834265
• Al-Zuhair, H., El-Sayeh, B., Ameen, H.A., & Al-Shoora, H. (1996). Pharmacological studies of cardamom oil in animals. Pharmacological Research, 34, 79-82. https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1996.0067
• Arafat, Y., Altemimi, A., Ibrahim, S.A., & Badwaik, L.S. (2020). Valorization of sweet lime peel for the extraction of essential oil by solvent free microwave extraction enhanced with ultrasound pretreatment. Molecules, 25, 4072. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184072
• Asgharpour, N., & Honarvar, M. (2016). Identification and Comparison of Essential Oil Composition of Artemisia sieberi and Artemisia aucheri Cultivated in the South of Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19(3), 756 761. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2015.1136797
• Asofiei, I., Călinescu, I., Gavrila, A.I., Ighigeanu, D., Martin, D., & Matei, C. (2017). Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity, a green method for the essential oil extraction from ginger-energy considerations. U.P.B. Scientific Bulletin, 79(4), 81-92.
• Assami, K., Pingret, D., Chemat, S., Meklati, B.Y., & Chemat, F. (2012). Ultrasound induced intensification and selective extraction of essential oil from Carum carvi L. seeds. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 62, 99 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2012.09.003
• Assareh, M.H., Jaimand, K., & Rezaee, M.B. (2007). Chemical composition of the essential oils of six eucalyptus species (Myrtaceae) from South West of Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 19(1), 8-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2007.9699215
• Bağci1, Y., Kan, Y., Doğu, S., & Çelik, S.A. (2017). The essential oil compositions of Origanum majorana L. cultivated in Konya and collected from Mersin-Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), 463 469. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.68
• Baptista, A., Gonçalves, R.V., Bressan, J., & Pelúzio, M.C.G. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of crude extracts and fractions of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), cajui (Anacardium microcarpum), and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense C.): A systematic review. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2018, 3753562. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3753562
• Barocelli, E., Calcina, F., Chiavarini, M., Impicciatore, M., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., & Ballabeni, V. (2004). Antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of inhaled and orally administered Lavandula hybrida reverchon “Grosso” essential oil. Life Sciences, 76(2), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2004.08.008
• Bayramoglu, B., Sahin, S., & Sumnu, G. (2008). Solvent-free microwave extraction) of essential oil from oregano. Journal of Food Engineering, 88, 535-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.03.015
• Begum, J., Bhuiyan, M., Chowdhury, J., Hoque, M., & Anwar, M. (2008). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil from seeds of Carum carvi and its composition. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 25(2), 85-89. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4867
• Bektašević, M., Politeo, O., & Carev, I. (2021). Comparative study of chemical composition, cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant potential of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 18(3), e2000935. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202000935
• Benmoussa, H., Elfalleh, W., He, S., Romdhane, M., Benhamou, A., & Chawech, R. (2018). Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity for rapid extraction of essential oil from Tunisian cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds: Optimization by response surface methodology, Industrial Crops and Products, 124, 633 642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.036
• Benmoussa, H., Romdhane, F.M., & Bouajila, J. (2019). Enhanced solvent-free microwave extraction of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil seeds using double walled reactor. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12(8), 3863 3870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.02.010
• Blanco, M.M., Costa, C.A.R.A., Freire, A.O., Santos, J.G., & Costa, M. (2009). Neurobehavioral effect of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus in mice. Phytomedicine, 16, 2-3, 265-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2007.04.007
• Boubechiche, Z., Chihib, N.E., Jama, C., & Hellal, A. (2017). Comparison of volatile compounds profile and antioxidant activity of Allium sativum essential oils extracted using hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted and sono-hydrodistillation processes. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 51(3), S281 S285. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.30
• Boumahdi, Y., Moghrani, H., Nasrallah, N., Ouarek, S., & Maachi, R. (2021). Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of the essential oil from Algerian Pimpinella anisum seeds, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 36(1), 34-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3614
• Bounihi, A., Hajjaj, G. Alnamer, R., Cherrah, Y., & Zellou, A. (2013). In vivo potential anti-inflammatory activity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2013, Article ID 101759. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/101759
• Bousbia, N., Vian, M.A., Ferhat, M.A., Petitcolas, E., Meklati, B.Y., & Chemat, F. (2009). Comparison of two isolation methods for essential oil from rosemary leaves: Hydrodistillation and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity. Food Chemistry, 114(1), 355-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.106
• Brachet, A., Christen, P., & Veuthey, J.L. (2002). Focused microwave-assisted extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves. Phytochemical Analysis, 13, 162-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.637
• Braga, M.E.M., Ehlert, P.A.D., Ming, L.C., & Meireles, M.A.A. (2005). Supercritical fluid extraction from Lippia alba: global yields, kinetic data, and extract chemical composition. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 34(2), 149 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2004.11.008
• Busatta, C., Vidal, R.S., Popiolski, A.S., Mossi, A.J., Dariva, C., Rodrigues, M.R.A., Corazza, F.C., Corazza, M.L., Oliveira, J.V., & Cansian, R.L. (2008). Application of Origanum majorana L. essential oil as an antimicrobial agent in sausage. Food Microbiology, 25(1), 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2007.07.003
• Caputo, L., Nazzaro, F., Souza, L.F., Aliberti, L., De Martino, L., Fratianni, F., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2017). Laurus nobilis: Composition of essential oil and its biological activities. Molecules, 22(6), 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060930
• Capuzzo, A., Maffei, M.E., & Occhipinti, A. (2013). Supercritical fluid extraction of plant flavors and fragrances. Molecules, 18(6), 7194 7238. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18067194
• Catella, C., Camero, M., Lucente, M.S., Fracchiolla, G., Sblano, S., Tempesta, M., Martella, V., Buonavoglia, C., & Lanave, G. (2021). Virucidal and antiviral effects of Thymus vulgaris essential oil on feline coronavirus. Research in Veterinary Science, 137, 44-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.024
• Cavanagh, H.M.A., & Wilkinson, J.M. (2002). Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytotherapy Research, 16(4), 301-308. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1103
• Chemat, F., Smadja, J., & Lucchesi, M.E. (2003). Solvent less microwave extraction of natural plants. European Patent Application. EP 1.439.218.A1
• Chemat, F., Smadja, J., & Lucchesi, M.E. (2004). Solvent-free microwave extraction of volatile natural substances. United States Patent Application. US 2004.0187340.A1
• Chenni, M., Abed, E.D., Rakotomanomana, N., Fernandez, X., & Chemat, F. (2016). Comparative study of essential oils extracted from Egyptian basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) using hydrodistillation and solvent-free microwave extraction. Molecules, 21(1), E113. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21010113
• Coelho, J.A.P., Grosso, C., Pereira, A.P., Burillo, J., Urieta, J.S., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Mendes, R.L., & Palavra, A.M.F. (2007). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatiles from Satureja fruticosa Béguinot. Flavour and Fragrance Journal., 22, 438-442. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1819
• Coelho, J.A.P., Pereira, A.P., Mendes, R.L., & Palavra, A.M.F. (2003). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(4), 316-319. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1223
• Cui, Q., Wang, L.T., Liu, J.Z., Wang, H.M., Guo, N., Gu, C.B., & Fu, Y.J. (2017). Rapid extraction of Amomum tsao-ko essential oil and determination of its chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Chromatography B, 1061-1062, 364-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.001
• Danh, L.T., Triet, N.D.A., Han, L.T.N., Zhao, J., Mammucari, R., & Foster, N. (2012). Antioxidant activity, yield and chemical composition of lavender essential oil extracted by supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 70, 27 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2012.06.008
• de Melo, S.A.B.V., Costa, G.M.N., Garau, R., Casula, A., & Pittau, B. (2000). Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17, 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-66322000000300014
• de Sousa, A.C., Alviano, D.S., Blank, A.F., Alves, P.B., Alviano, C.S., & Gattass, C.R. (2004). Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: Antitumoral and antioxidant activities. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 56(5), 677-681. https://doi.org/10.1211/0022357023321
• Dinç Zor, Ş., Bat, M., Peksel, A., & Alpdoğan, G. (2017). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Apium graveolens L. seeds using response surface methodology. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 4(3), 915-930. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.324848
• Dzamic, A., Gbolade, A., Ristic, M., & Marin, P.D. (2009). Essential oil composition of Anacardium occidentale from Nigeria. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 45, 441-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9320-3
• Ebrahimzadeh, H., Yamini, Y., Sefidkon, F., Chaloosi, M., & Pourmortazavi, S.M. (2003). Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extracts of Zataria multiflora Boiss, Food Chemistry, 83(3), 357-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00096-7
• Edris, A.E. (2007). Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: A review. Phytotherapy Research, 21(4), 308-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2072
• Eikani, M.H., Golmohammad, F., & Rowshanzamir, S. (2007). Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from coriander seeds (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 80, 735-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.05.015
• Elyemni, M., Louaste, B., Nechad, I., Elkamli, T., Bouia, A., Taleb, M., Chaouch, M., & Eloutassi, N. (2019). Extraction of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. by two different methods: Hydrodistillation and microwave assisted hydrodistillation. The Scientific World Journal, 2019, Article ID 3659432. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3659432
• Emmanuel, O., Ojah, Dorcas, O., Petrelli, M.R., Nzekoue, F.K., Cappellacci, L., Giordani, C., Jaspars, M., & Tabudravu, J.N. (2019). Chemical composition of ten essential oils from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn and their toxicity against Artemia Salina. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 6(12), 185-194.
• Entezari, M. H., Nazary, S. H.; & Khodaparast, M. H. M. (2004). The direct effect of ultrasound on the extraction of date syrup and its micro-organisms. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 11(6), 379-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2003.10.005
• Eskilsson C.S., & Björklund, E. (2000). Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. Journal of. Chromatography A, 902(1), 227-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00921-3
• Esmaeili, F. (2015). Composition of essential oil of Cuminum cyminum, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(2), 507-509. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.989186
• Fadel, O., Ghazi, Z., Mouni, L., Benchat, N., Ramdani, M., & Amhamdi, H. (2011). Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and traditional hydrodistillation methods for the Rosmarinus eriocalyx essential oils from Eastern Morocco. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 2(2), 112-117.
• Ferhat, M.A., Meklati, B.Y., Smadja, J., & Chemat, F. (2006). An improved microwave Clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from orange peel. Journal of Chromatography A, 1112(1), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.030
• Fernández, I.M., Ribeiro, P.R.E., Maldonado, S.A.A., Ferraz, V.P., Alemán, R.S., Fuentes, J.A.M., & Alemán, L.A.B. (2020). Chemical composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. and antioxidant activity from Boa Vista-RR, Brazil. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 14(3), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5121
• Fernández-Pérez, V., & Jiménez-Carmona, M. M. (2000). An approach to the static-dynamic subcritical water extraction of laurel essential oil: Comparison with conventional techniques. Analyst, 125(3), 481-485. https://doi.org/10.1039/A907244F
• Fidan, H., Stefanova, G., Kostova, I., Stankov, S., Damyanova, S., Stoyanova, A., & Zheljazkov, V.D. (2019). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Laurus nobilis L. Essential oils from Bulgaria. Molecules, 24(4), 804. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040804
• Funk, J.L., Frye, J.B., Oyarzo, J.N., Chen, J., Zhang, H., & Timmermann, B.N. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) in experimental rheumatoid arthritis. PharmaNutrition, 4(3), 123 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2016.02.004
• Garcı´a-Pe´rez, J.V., Ca´rcel, J.A., Fuente-Blanco, S.D., & Sarabia, E.R.F. (2006). Ultrasonic drying of foodstuff in a fluidized bed: parametric study. Ultrasonics, 44, 539-543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.06.059
• Garg, H.P., & Prakash, J. (2006). Solar energy for industrial process heat, in solar energy fundamentals and applications. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
• Garzoli, S., Petralito, S., Ovidi, E., Turchetti, G., Masci, V. L., Tiezzi, A., Trilli, J., Cesa, S., Casadei, M.A., Giacomello, P., & Paolicelli, P. (2020). Lavandula x intermedia essential oil and hydrolate: Evaluation of chemical composition and antibacterial activity before and after formulation in nanoemulsion. Industrial Crops and Products, 145, 112068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112068
• Gavahian, M., & Chu, Y.H. (2018). Ohmic accelerated steam distillation of essential oil from lavender in comparison with conventional steam distillation. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 50, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2018.10.006
• Gavahian, M., Farahnaky, A., Javidnia, K., & Majzoobi, M. (2012). Comparison of ohmic assisted hydrodistillation with traditional hydrodistillation for the extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 14, 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2012.01.002
• Gavahian, M., Farahnaky, A., Majzoobi, M., Javidnia, K., Saharkhiz, M.J., & Mesbah, G. (2011). Ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils from Zataria multiflora Boiss (Shirazi thyme). International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46, 2619-2627. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02792.x
• Gavahian, M., Farhoosh, R., Farahnaky, A., Javidnia, K., & Shahidi, F. (2015). Ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils from Mentha piperita: A comparison with conventional hydrodistillation. Iranian Food Science & Technology Research Journal, 11(3), 236-246.
• Gavahian, M., Farhoosh, R., Javidnia, K., Shahidi, F., Golmakani, M., & Farahnaky, A. (2017). Effects of electrolyte concentration and ultrasound pretreatment on Ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils from Mentha piperita L. International Journal of Food Engineering, 13(10), 20170010. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2017-0010
• Gavahian, M., Farahnaky, A., Javidnia, K., & Majzoobi, M. (2012). Comparison of Ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation with traditional hydrodistillation for the extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 14, 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2012.01.002
• Gende, L.B., Maggi, M.D., Fritz, R., Eguaras, M.J., Bailac, P.N., & Ponzi, M.I. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of Pimpinella anisum and Foeniculum vulgare essential oils against Paenibacillus larvae, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21, 91 93. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700120
• Ghadimian, S., & Esmaeili, F. (2016). Chemical composition of the essential oils of Carum copticum. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19(7), 1834 1836. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2014.989187
• Ghasemi, E., Yamini, Y., Bahramifar, N., & Sefidkon, F. (2007). Comparative analysis of the oil and supercritical CO2 extract of Artemisia sieberi. Journal of Food Engineering, 79, 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.059
• Ghasemi, G., Alirezalu, A., Ishkeh, S.R., & Ghosta, Y. (2020). Phytochemical properties of essential oil from Artemisia sieberi Besser (Iranian accession) and its antioxidant and antifungal activities. Natural Product Research, 23, 1 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2020.1741576
• Ghazanfari, N., Mortazavi, S.A., Yazdi, F.T., & Mohammadi, M. (2020). Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction of essential oil from coriander seeds and evaluation of their composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Heliyon, 6(9), e04893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04893
• Gholivand, M.B., Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M., Batooli, H., & Samimi, H. (2012). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and various extracts of Haplophyllum robustum Bge, Natural Product Research, 26(10), 883 891. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410903374462
• Gong, Y., Huang, Y., Zhou, L., Shi, X., Guo, Z., Wang, M., & Jiang, W. (2009). Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the fruit oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae) from China. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 21(2), 174-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700141
• Goullieaux, A., & Pain, J.P. (2014). Recent development in microwave heating. In: Sun, D. Ed., Emerging Technologies for Food Processing. Academic Press, UK, pp. 361-377.
• Goullieaux, A., & Pain, J.P. Emerging technologies for food processing. In: Sun, D.W. Ed., Ohmic heating. Academic Press, Califonia, US, 2005, p. 280.
• Grosso, C., Ferraro, V., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Coelho, J.A., & Palavra, A.M. (2008). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of volatile oil from Italian coriander seeds. Food Chemistry, 111, 197-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.031
• Grosso, C., Figueiredo, A.C., Burillo, J., Mainar, A.M., Urieta, J.S., Barroso, J.G., Coelho, J.A., & Palavra, A.M.F. (2009A). Supercritical fluid extraction of the volatile oil from Santolina chamaecyparissus. Journal of Separation Science, 32(19), 3215–3222. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200990074
• Grosso, C., Figueiredo, A.C., Burillo, J., Mainar, A.M., Urieta, J.S., Barroso, J.G., Coelho, J.A., & Palavra, A.M.F. (2009B). Enrichment of the thymoquinone content in volatile oil from Satureja montana using supercritical fluid extraction. Journal of Separation Science, 32, 328-334. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200800490
• Grosso, C., Figueiredo, A.C., Burillo, J., Mainar, A.M., Urieta, J.S., Barroso, J.G., Coelho, J.A., & Palavra, A.M.F. (2010). Composition and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris volatiles: Comparison between supercritical fluid extraction and hydrodistillation. Journal of Separation Science, 33, 2211-2218. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201000192
• Grosso, C., Oliveira, A.C., Mainar, A.M., Urieta, J.S., Barroso, J.G., & Palavra, A.M.F. (2009C). Antioxidant activities of the supercritical and conventional of Satureja montana extracts. Journal of Food Science, 74(9), 713-717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01376.x
• Gunasekera, S.P., Kinghorn, A.D., Cordell, G.A., & Farnsworth, N.R. (1981). Plant anticancer agents. XIX Constituents of Aquilaria malaccensis. Journal of Natural Product, 44(5), 569-572. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50017a010
• Habtemariam, S. (2016). The therapeutic potential of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) diterpenes for Alzheimer’s disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016, Article ID 2680409. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2680409
• Hadipanah, A., & Khorami, M. (2016). Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus daenensis essential oils. Advance Pharmaceutical Journal, 1(4): 101-107.
• Hajlaoui, H., Arraouadi, S., Noumi, E., Aouadi, K., Adnan, M., Khan, M. A., Kadri, A., & Snoussi, M. (2021). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antidiabetic, and pharmacokinetic properties of Carum carvi L. and Coriandrum sativum L. essential oils alone and in combination. Molecules, 26, 3625. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123625
• Hancianu, M., Cioanca, O., Mihasan, M., & Hritcu, L. (2013). Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats. Phytomedicine, 20(5), 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.005
• Hashemi, S.A., Ghorbanoghli, S., Manouchehri, A.A., & Hatkehlouei, M.B. (2019). Pharmacological effect of Allium sativum on coagulation, blood pressure, diabetic nephropathy, neurological disorders, spermatogenesis, antibacterial effects. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 4(2), 386-398. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2019.2.386
• Hashemi, S.M.B., Niakousari, M., Zandi, M., & Saharkhiz, M.J. (2016). Application of ultrasonic Ohmic hydrodistillator system in production of essential oil from Zenyan. International Food Research Journal, 23(1), 135-140.
• Hazwan M.H., Hasfalina C.M., Hishamuddin J., & Zurina Z.A. (2012). Optimization and kinetics of essential oil extraction from Citronella grass by Ohmic heated hydro distillation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 3(3), 173-177. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2012.V3.181
• Hilali, S., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., Elmaataoui, M., Petitcolas, E., Hejjaj, A., Aitnouh, F., Idlimam, A., Jacotet-Navarro, M., Bily, A., Mandi, L., & Chemat, F. (2018). Deodorization by solar steam distillation of rosemary leaves prior to solvent extraction of rosmarinic, carnosic, and ursolic acids. ACS Sustainable Chemical Engineering, 6(8), 10969-10979. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b02347
• Iriti, M., & Faoro, F. (2009). Chemical diversity and defence metabolism: How plants cope with pathogens and ozone pollution. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10, 3371-3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10083371
• Ismanto, A.W., Kusuma, H.S., & Mahfud, M. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra L. MATEC Web of Conference: Processes for Energy and Environment, 156, 03007. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603007
• Iswahyono, A.S.S., Djamila, S., Bahariawan, A., & Komariah, L. (2021). The design and build of ohmic heated hydro distillation for the essential oil extraction of eucalyptus leaves. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science, 672, 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/672/1/012017
• Ivanovic, J., Zizovic, I., Ristic, M., Stamenic, M., & Skala, D. (2011). The analysis of simultaneous clove/oregano and clove/thyme supercritical extraction. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 55, 983-991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2010.09.012
• Janet, J.O., Olajide, O.O., Augustus, O.K., & Janet, O.O. (2015). Variation in essential oil constitutents of the leaf of Anacardium occidentale found in Ondo, South Western-Nigeria. World Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3(1), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.12691/wjac-3-1-2
• Jaradat, N.A., Zaid, A.N., Abuzant, A., & Shawahna, R. (2016). Investigation the efficiency of various methods of volatile oil extraction from Trichodesma africanum and their impact on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 5(3). 250-256. https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20160421065949
• Jeyaratnam, N., Nour, A.H., & Akindoyo, J.O. (2016). Comparative study between hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation for extraction of Cinnamomum cassia oil. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(4), 2647-2652.
• Jiménez-Carmona, M.M., Ubera, J.L., & Luque de Castro, M.D. (1999). Comparison of continuous subcritical water extraction and hydrodistillation of marjoram essential oil. Journal of Chromatography A, 855(2), 625-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00703-7
• Jina, Y., Han, D., Tian, M., & Rowb, K.H. (2010). Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oils from Chamaecyparis obtuse. Natural Product Communication, 5(3), 461- 464. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000500324
• Juiz, P.J.L., Lucchese, A.M., Gambari, R., Piva, R., Penolazzi, L., Di Ciano, M., Uetanabaro, A.P.T., Silva, F., & Avila-Campos, M.J. (2015). Essential oils and isolated compounds from Lippia alba leaves and flowers: Antimicrobial activity and osteoclast apoptosis. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 35, 211 217. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1995
• Junior, E.T.S., Siqueira, L.M., Almeida, R.N., Lucas, A.M., da Silva, C.G.F., Cassel, E., & Vargas, R.M.F. (2020). Comparison of different extraction techniques of Zingiber officinale essential oil. Brazilian Archives of Biology & Technology, 63, e20190213. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190213
• Kahkha, M.R., Amanloo, S., & Kaykhaii, M. (2014). Antiaflatoxigenic activity of Carum copticum essential oil. Environmental and Chemical Letters, 12(1), 231-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-013-0439-x
• Kamal, G.M., Ashraf, M.Y., Hussain, A.I., Shahzadi, A., & Chughtai, M.I. (2013). Antioxidant potential of peel essential oils of three Pakistani citrus species: Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis and Citrus paradisii. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45(4), 1449-1454.
• Kamali, H., Aminimoghadamfarouj, N., Golmakani, E., & Nematollahi, A. (2015). The optimization of essential oils supercritical CO2 extraction from Lavandula hybrida through static-dynamic steps procedure and semi-continuous technique using response surface method. Pharmacognosy Research, 7(1), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.147209
• Kaur, K., Kaushal, S., & Rani, R. (2019). Chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal potential of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oil, its major compound and its derivatives. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(5), 1195-1217. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2019.1688689
• Khajenoori, M., Asl, A.H., Hormozi, F., Eikani, M.H., & Bidgoli, H.N. (2009). Subcritical water extraction of essential oils from Zataria multiflora boiss. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 32(6), 804-816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2008.00245.x
• Khalili, G., Mazloomifar, A., Larijani, K., Tehrani, M.S., & Azar, P.A. (2017). Supercritical fluid extraction as a technique to obtain essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L., Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 33(5), 2537-2541. https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/330549
• Khammassi, M., Loupassaki, S., Tazarki, H., Mezni, F., Slama, A., Tlili, N., Zaouali, Y., Mighri, H., Jamoussi, B., & Khaldi, A. (2018). Variation in essential oil composition and biological activities of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. populations growing widely in Tunisia. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 42(3), e12532. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12532
• Khmelinskii, I., & Woodcock, L.V. (2020). Supercritical fluid gaseous and liquid states: A review of experimental results. Entropy, 22(4), 437. https://doi.org/10.3390/e22040437
• Kosar, M., Özek, T., Göger, F., Kürkcüoglu, M., & Baser, K.H.C. (2005). Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation methods for the analysis of volatile secondary metabolites. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43(6), 491 495. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200500220136
• Kowalski, R., Kowalska, G., Jamroz, J., Nawrocka, A., & Metyk, D. (2015). Effect of the ultrasound-assisted preliminary maceration on the efficiency of the essential oil distillation from selected herbal raw materials. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 24, 214-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.12.008
• Kowalski, R., & Wawrzkowski, J. (2009). Effect of ultrasound-assisted maceration on the quality of oil from leaves of thyme Thymus vulgaris L. Flavors and Fragrance Journal, 26, 69-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1918
• Lakušić, B., Lakušić, D., Ristić, M., Marčetić, M., & Slavkovska, V. (2014). Seasonal variations in the composition of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia (Lamiacae). Natural Product Communications, 9(6), 859 862. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1400900635
• Lan, Y., Li, H., Chen, Y.Y., Zhang, Y.W., Liu, N., Zhang, Q., & Wu, Q. (2014A). Essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and its main components used as transdermal penetration enhancers: A comparative study. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 15(11), 940-952. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1400158
• Lan, Y., Wu, Q., Mao, Y.Q., Wang Q., An, J., Chen, Y.Y., Wang, W.P., Zhao, B.C., Liu, N., & Zhang, Y.W. (2014B). Cytotoxicity and enhancement activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 15(2), 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1300230
• Lane, W.A., & Mahmoud, S.S. (2008). Composition of essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia and L. intermedia varieties grown in British Columbia, Canada. Natural Product Communications, 3(8), 1361-1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0800300822
• Lee, G.S., Hong, E.J., Gwak, K.S., Park, M.J., Choi, K.C., Choi, I.G., Jang, J.W., & Jeung, E.B. (2010). The essential oils of Chamaecyparis obtusa promote hair growth through the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor gene. Fitoterapia, 81(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2009.06.016
• Lei, W., Kang, Z., Kai, Z., Jingyan, Z., Jingjing, F., Jie, L., Guibo, W., Zhengying, Q., Xuezhi, W., & Jianxi, L. (2020). Antibacterial activity of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil on Escherichia coli during planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 2858. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.561002
• Lesage-Meessen, L., Bou, M., Sigoillot, J.C., Faulds, C.B., & Lomascolo, A. (2015). Essential oils and distilled straws of lavender and lavandin: A review of current use and potential application in white biotechnology. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(8), 3375-3385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6511-7
• Leyva-López, N., Gutiérrez-Grijalva, E.P., Vazquez-Olivo, G., & Heredia, J.B. (2017). Essential oils of oregano: Biological activity beyond their antimicrobial properties. Molecules, 22(6), 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22060989
• Li, X. J., Wang, W., Luo, M., Li, C. Y., Zu, Y. G., Mu, P. S., & Fu, Y. J. (2012). Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from Dryopteris fragrans and evaluation of antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 133(2), 437-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.056
• Lima, L.M., Babakhani, B., Boldaji, S.A.H., Asadi, M., & Boldaji, R.M. (2013). Essential oils composition and antibacterial activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Medicinal Plants – International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries, 5(4), 214-218. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0975-6892.5.4.034
• Ljiljana, S., Mihajlo, S., Dragan, C., Bojana, D., & Jelena, S. (2016). Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seeds essential oil as a potential natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Biologica Nyssana, 7(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.159101
• Lopez-Avila, V., Young, R., & Beckert, W.F. (1994). Microwave-assisted extraction of organic compounds from standard reference soils and sediments. Analytical Chemistry, 66, 1097-1106. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00079a027
• Lu, C., Wang, H., Lv, W., Ma, C., Lou, Z., Xie, J., & Liu, B. (2012). Ionic liquid-based ultrasonic/microwave-assisted extraction combined with UPLC-MS-MS for the determination of tannins in Galla chinensis. Natural Product Research, 26(19), 1842-1847. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2011.607454
• Lucchesi, M.E. (2005). Extraction sans solvant assistée par micro-ondes conception et application à l'extraction des huiles essentielles. Autre Université de la Réunion, tel-00118895.
• Lucchesi, M.E., Chemat, F., & Smadja, J. (2004). Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydrodistillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1043(2), 323-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.083
• Lucchesi, M.E., Smadja, J., Bradshaw, S., Louw, W., & Chemat, F. (2007). Solvent-free microwave extraction of Elletaria cardamomum L.: A multivariate study of a new technique for the extraction of essential oil. Journal of Food Engineering, 79, 1079-1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.03.029
• Mahboubi, M. (2019). Zingiber officinale Rosc. essential oil, a review on its composition and bioactivity. Clinical Phytoscience, 5(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-018-0097-4
• Mahboubi, M., & Farzin, N. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of Artemisia sieberi essential oil from central Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 1(2), 43-48.
• Mahboubi, M., & Mahboubi, M. (2015). Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 18(4), 967-975. 10.1080/0972060X.2014.884779
• Mahmoudvand, H., Mirbadie, S.R., Sadooghian, S., Harandi, M.F., Jahanbakhsh, S., & Dezaki, E.S. (2017). Chemical composition and scolicidal activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 29(1), 42 47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2016.1201546
• Mahmud, S., Saleem, M., Siddique, S., Ahmed, R., Khanum, R., & Perveen, Z. (2009). Volatile components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Citrus acida var. sour lime peel oil. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 13(2), 195 198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2009.03.001
• Mandal, S., & Mandal, M. (2015). Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(6), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.04.001
• Miladi, H., Slama, R.B., Mili, D., Zouari, S., Bakhrouf, A., & Ammar, E. (2013). Chemical composition and cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Satureja montana L. essential oil and its antibacterial potential against Salmonella Spp. Strains. Journal of Chemistry, 2013, Article ID 275698. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/275698
• Mimica-Dukić, N., Bozin, B., Soković, M., Mihajlović, B., & Matavulj, M. (2003). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Medica, 69(5), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39704
• Minh Tu, N.T., Onishi, Y., Choi, H.S., Kondo, Y., Bassore, S.M., Ukeda, H., & Sawamura, M. (2020). Characteristic odor components of Citrus sphaerocarpa Tanaka (Kabosu) cold-pressed peel oil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(10), 2908-2913. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011578a
• Mohammad, M., & Krenn, Z.L. (2015). A critical overview on Thymus daenensis Celak.: Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 13(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60166-2
• Monzote, L., Alexander, Y., Scherbakov, M., Scull, R., Satyal, P., Cos, P., Shchekotikhin, A. E., Gille, L., & Setzer, W.N. (2020). Essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra: Antimicrobial, antikinetoplastid, antiproliferative and cytotoxic assessment. Molecules, 25, 5514. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235514
• Moradalizadeh, M., Samadi, N., & Rajaei, P. (2013). Comparison of hydrodistillation, microwave hydrodistillation and solvent free microwave methods in analysis of the essential oils from aerial parts of Haplophyllum robustum Bge. by GC/MS method. International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research, 1(9), 1058-1067.
• Moradi, S., Fazlali, A., & Hamedi, H. (2018). Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from rosemary: Comparison with traditional distillation. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, 10(1), 22-28.
• Morsy, N.F.S. (2015). A short extraction time of high quality hydrodistillation cardamom (Elletaria cardamomum L. Maton) essential oil using ultrasound as a pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products, 65, 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.012
• Mssillou, I., Agour, A., Ghouizi, A.E., Hamamouch, N., Lyoussi, B., & Derwich, E. (2020). Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antifungal effects of essential oil from Laurus nobilis L. flowers growing in Morocco. Journal of Food Quality, 2020, Article ID 8819311. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8819311
• Muchammad, R.S.C., Mahfud, M., & Qadariyah, L. (2020). Study of extraction Calophyllum inophyllum L using microwave hydrodiffusion gravity and chemical extraction method. Journal of Technological Science, 31(1), 33 43. https://doi.org/10.12962/j20882033.v31i1.5629
• Mura, M., Palmieri, D., Garella, D., Stilo, D.A., Perego, P., Cravotto, G., & Palombo, D. (2015). Simultaneous ultrasound-assisted water extraction and betacyclodextrin encapsulation of polyphenols from Mangifera indica stem bark in counteracting TNFalpha-induced endothelial dysfunction. Natural Product Research, 29(17), 1657-1663. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.996753
• Nannaware, A.D., Kumar, C.M.S., Srivastava, S., Singh, S., Gupta, M.K., Rout, P.K., Chanotiya, C.S., Lal, R.K., Nimdeo, Y., & Roy, S. (2022) Eco-friendly solar distillation apparatus for improving the yield of essential oils with enhancing organoleptic characteristics, Renewable Energy, 191, 345 356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.147
• Neetoo, H., & Chen, H. (2014). Alternative food processing technologies. In: Food Processing: Principles and Applications, 2nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: UK; pp. 137-169. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118846315.ch7
• Nieto, G., Ros, G., & Castillo, J. (2018). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, L.): A review. Medicines, 5(3), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5030098
• Niksic, H., Becic, F., Koric, E., Gusic, I., Omeragic, E., Muratovic, S., Miladinovic, B., & Duric, K. (2021). Cytotoxicity screening of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil in brine shrimp nauplii and cancer cell lines. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article ID 13178. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92679-x.
• Norfatirah, M., Tajuddin, S., Chemat, F., Rajan, J., & Yusoff, M. (2013). Comparison of microwave-assisted extraction and hydrodistilation method in the extraction of essential oils from Aquilaria malaccensis (Agarwood) oil. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Network Protocols, 227.
• Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Alreshidi, M.M., Rekha, P.D., Saptami, K., Caputo, L., De Martino, L., Souza, L.F., Msaada, K., Mancini, E., Flamini, G., Al-Sieni, A., & De Feo, V. (2018). Chemical and biological evaluation of essential oils from Cardamom species. Molecules, 23(11), 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112818
• Okoh, O.O., Sadimenko, A.P., & Afolayan, A.J. (2010). Comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. obtained by hdrodistillation and solvent free microwave extraction methods. Food Chemistry, 120(1), 308-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.09.084
• Orav, A., Raal, A., & Arak, E. (2010). Content and composition of the essential oil of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert from some European countries. Natural Product Research, 24(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802560690
• Ozcan, M.M., Chalchat, J.C., Arslan, D., Ateş, A., & Unver, A. (2006). Comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ssp. piperitum) fruit oils obtained during different vegetation. Journal of Medicinal Food, 9(4), 552-561. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2006.9.552
• Öztürk, A., & Özbek, H. (2005). The anti-Inflammatory activity of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil: An animal model of antiinflammatory activity. European Journal of Generic Medicine, 2(4), 159-163. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/82334
• Patel, R.N., Bandyopadhyay, S., & Ganesh, A. (2006). Extraction of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell liquid using supercritical carbon dioxide. Bioresource Technology, 97(6), 847-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.009
• Périno-Issartier, S., Ginies, C., Cravotto, G., & Chemat, F. (2013). A comparison of essential oils obtained from lavandin via different extraction processes: Ultrasound, microwave, turbohydrodistillation, steam and Hydrodistillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1305, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.024
• Pino, J., Bello, A., Urquiola, A., Aguero, J., & Marbot, R. (2002). Chemical composition of cajuput oil (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) from Cuba. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(1), 10-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699744
• Pino, J.A., Bayat, F., Marbot, R., & Aguero, J. (2002). Essential oil of Chamomile Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. from Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(6), 407-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699903
• Pirbalouti, A.G., Hashemi, M., & Ghahfarokhi, F.T. (2013). Essential oil and chemical compositions of wild and cultivated Thymus daenensis Celak and Thymus vulgaris L., Industrial Crops and Products, 48, 43-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.04.004
• Porto, C.D., & Decorti, D. (2009). Ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with under vacuum distillation of flavour compounds from spearmint (carvone-rich) plants: Comparison with conventional Hydrodistillation. Ultrasonic Sonochemistry, 16(6), 795-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.03.010
• Pourmortazavi, S.M., & Hajimirsadeghi, S.S. (2007). Supercritical fluid extraction in plant essential and volatile oil analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1163(1-2), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.021
• Raal, A., Arak, E., & Orav, A. (2012). The content and composition of the essential oil Found in Carum carvi L. commercial fruits obtained from different countries. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 24(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.646016
• Radwan, M.N., Morad, M.M., Ali, M.M, & Wasfy, K.I. (2020). A solar steam distillation system for extracting lavender volatile oil. Energy Reports, 6, 3080-3087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.034
• Raharivelomanana, P., Ansel, J.L., Lupo, E., Mijouin, L., Guillot, S., Butaud, J.F., Ho, R., Lecellier, G., & Pichon, C. (2018). Tamanu oil and skin active properties: from traditional to modern cosmetic uses. Oilseeds Fat Crops Lipids, 25(5), D504. https://doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2018048
• Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M., Ahmadi, F., & Batooli, H. (2012). Chemical composition of essential oil and in vitro antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Eucalyptus loxophleba. Natural Product Research, 26(7), 669 674. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2011.593516
• Rajendra, C., Padalia, R.S., Chauhan, A.V., & Chanotiya, C.S. (2015). The essential oil composition of Melaleuca leucadendra L. grown in India: A novel source of (E)-nerolidol. Industrial Crops and Products, 69, 224-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.019
• Rašković, A., Milanović, I., Pavlović, N., Ćebović, T., Vukmirović, S., & Mikov, M. (2014). Antioxidant activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil and its hepatoprotective potential. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 14, Article ID 225. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-225
• Reichling, J., Schnitzler, P., Suschke, U., & Saller, R. (2009). Essential oils of aromatic plants with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and cytotoxic properties - an overview. Forsch Komplementmed, 16(2), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1159/000207196
• Reis-Vasco, E.M.C., Coelho, J.P., & Palavra, A.F. (1999). Comparison of pennyroyal oils obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 14(3), 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199905/06)14:3<156::AID-FFJ793>3.0.CO;2-J
• Reverchon, E. (1992). Fractional separation of SCF extracts from majoram leaves: Mass transfer and optimization. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 5, 256–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-8446(92)90016-D
• Reverchon, E., Porta, G.D., & Lamberti, G. (1999). Modelling of orange flower concrete fractionation by supercritical CO2. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 14, 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(98)00113-2
• Reverchon, E., Porta, G.D., & Senatore, F. (1995). Supercritical CO2 extraction and fractionation of lavender essential oil and waxes. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 43(6), 1654-1658. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00054a045
• Reyes-Solano, L., Breksa III, A.P., Valdez-Torres, J.B., Angulo-Escalante, M., & Heredia, J. B. (2017). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Lippia alba essential oil obtained by supercritical CO2 and hydrodistillation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 16(17), 962-970. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2017.15945
• Rodrigues, V.M., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., & Meireles, M.A.A. (2003). Supercritical extraction of essential oil from aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L) using CO2: solubility, kinetics, and composition data. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 51(6), 1518-1523. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0257493
• Routray, W., & Orsat, V. (2012). Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids: A review. Food Bioprocess Technology, 5(2), 409-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0573-z
• Rozzi, N.L., Phippen, W., Simon, J.E., & Singh, R.K. (2002). Supercritical fluid extraction of essential oil components from lemon-scented botanicals. LWT – Food Science and Technology, 35(4), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1006/fstl.2001.0873
• Salah-Fatnassi, K.B.H., Hassayoun, F., Cheraif, I., Khan, S., Jannet, H.B., Hammami, M., Aouni, M., & Harzallah-Skhiri, F. (2017). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of flowerhead and root essential oils of Santolina chamaecyparissus L., growing wild in Tunisia. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 24(4), 875-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.03.005
• Samadi, M., Abidin, Z.Z., Yoshida, H., Yunus, R., Biak, D.R.A., Lee, C.H., & Lok, E.H. (2019). Subcritical water extraction of essential oil from Aquilaria malaccensis leaves. Separation Science and Technology, 55(15), 2779 2798. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2019.1650768
• Samadi, M., Abidin, Z.Z., Yoshida, H., Yunus, R., & Biak, D.R.A. (2020). Towards higher oil yield and quality of essential oil extracted from Aquilaria malaccensis wood via the subcritical technique. Molecules, 25(17), 3872. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173872
• Sangun, M.K., Aydin, E., Timur, M., Karadeniz, H., Caliskan, M., & Ozkan, A. (2007). Comparison of chemical composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and fruits from different regions of Hatay, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 28(4), 731-733.
• Santin, M.R., dos Santos, A.O., Nakamura, C.V., Dias, B.P., Ferreia, I.C.P., & Ueda-Nakamura, T. (2009). In vitro activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and its major component (citral) on Leishmania amazonensis. Parasitology Research 105, Article ID 1489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1578-7
• Santos, N., Pascon, R.C., Vallim, M.A., Figueiredo, C.R., Soares, M.G., Lago, J.H.G., & Sartorelli, P. (2016). Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents from the essential oil of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae). Medicines, 3(3), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3030022
• Saroj, A., Chanotiya, C.S., Maurya, R., Pragadheesh, V.S., Yadav, A., & Samad, A. (2019). Antifungal action of Lippia alba essential oil in Rhizoctonia solani disease management. SN Applied Sciences, 1, Article ID 1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1207-8
• Satyal, P., Craft, J.D., Dosoky, N.S., & Setzer, W.N. (2017). The chemical compositions of the volatile oils of garlic (Allium sativum) and wild garlic (Allium vineale). Foods, 6(8), 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods6080063
• Schmidt, E., Bail, S., Buchbauer, G., Stoilova, I., Atanasova, T., Stoyanova, A., Krastanov, A., & Jirovetz, L. (2009). Chemical composition, olfactory evaluation and antioxidant effects of essential oil from Mentha x piperita. Natural Product Communications, 4(8), 1107-1112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X0900400819
• Selles, S., Kouidri, M., Belhamiti, B.T., & Amrane, A.A. (2020). Chemical composition, in-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 14, 2352 2358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00482-5
• Sereshti, H., Rohanifar, A., Bakhtiari, S., & Samadi, S. (2012). Bifunctional ultrasound assisted extraction and determination of Elettaria cardamomum Maton essential oil. Journal of Chromatography A, 1238, 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chroma.2012.03.061
• Shafiee, A., & Javidnia, K. (1997). Composition of essential oil of Zataria multiflora. Planta Medica, 63(4), 371-372. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957707
• Shang, A.. Gan, R-Y., Zhang, J-R., Xu, X-Y., Luo, M., Liu, H-Y., & Li, H-B. (2020). Optimization and characterization of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation extraction of essential oils from Cinnamomum camphora leaf and recovery of polyphenols from extract fluid. Molecules, 25(14), 3213. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143213
• Sharma, R., Rao, R., Kumar, S., Mahant, S., & Khatkar, S. (2019). Therapeutic potential of Citronella essential oil: A review. Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 16(4), 330-339. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163815666180718095041
• Shirsat, N., Lyng, J.G., Brunton, N.P., & McKenna, B. (2004). Ohmic processing: Electrical conductivities of pork cuts. Meat Science, 67(3), 507 514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.12.003
• Shojaii, A., & Fard, M.A. (2012). Review of pharmacological properties and chemical constituents of Pimpinella anisum. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2012, Article ID 510795. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/510795
• Silva, F.V., Martins, A., Salta, J., Neng, N.R., Nogueira, J.M., Mira, D., Gaspar, N., Justino, J., Grosso, C., Urieta, J.S., Palavra, A.M., & Rauter, A.P. (2009). Phytochemical profile and anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of supercritical versus conventional extracts of Satureja montana. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 57(24), 11557-11563. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf901786p
• Sim, S., Tan, S.K., Kohlenberg, B., & Braun, N.A. (2019). Amomum tsao-ko Chinese black cardamom: Detailed oil composition and comparison with two other cardamom species. Natural Product Communications, 14(7), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X19857675
• Skočibušić, M., & Nada, B. (2008). Chemical composition and antidiarrhoeal activities of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oil. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41(8), 622-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200390502180
• Sohilait, H., Kainama, H., & Nindatu, M. (2018). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from different parts of Eugenia caryophylata, thunb grown in Amboina Island. International Journal of Organic Chemistry, 8(2), 229-239. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijoc.2018.82017
• Sohilait, H.J. (2015). Chemical composition of the essential oils in Eugenia caryophylata, thunb from Amboina Island. Scientific Journal of Chemistry, 3(6), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjc.20150306.13
• Sovová, H. (2005). Mathematical model for supercritical fluid extraction of natural products and extraction curve evaluation. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 33(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2004.03.005
• Srivastava, J.K., Shankar, E., & Gupta, S. (2010). Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future. Molecular Medicine Reports, 3(6), 895 901. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2010.377
• Stashenko, E.E., Jaramillo, B.E., & Martinez, J.R. (2004). Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of volatile secondary metabolites of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown, grown in Colombia, and evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity. Journal of Chromatography A, 1025(1), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.058
• Suetsugu, T., Tanaka, M., Iwai, H., Matsubara, T., Kawamoto, Y., Saito, C., Sasaki, Y., Hoshino, M., Quitain, A.T., Sasaki, M., Sakamoto, J., & Goto, M. (2004). Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil from Kabosu (Citrus sphaerocarpa Tanaka) peel. Flavour, 2, Article ID 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/2044-7248-2-18
• Suh, H.R., Chung, H.C., Park, E.H., Moon, S.W., Park, S.J., Park, C.W., Kim, Y.I., & Han, H.C. (2016). The effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil on pain-related behavior and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in carrageenan-induced arthritis in rats. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 80(1), 203 209. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1075864
• Sun, A., Chi, X., Yang, X., Feng, J., Li, Y., & Zhou, J. (2019). Applications and prospects of ultrasound-assisted extraction in Chinese herbal medicine. Open Accounts Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.38125/OAJBS.000103
• Suresh, B., Sriram, S., Dhanaraj, S.A., Elango, K., & Chinnaswamy, K. (1997). Anticandidal activity of Santolina chamaecyparissus volatile oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 55(2), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(96)01490-0
• Tajuddin, S.N., & Yusoff, M.M. (2010). Chemical composition of volatile oils of Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) from Malaysia. Natural Product Communications, 5(12), 1965-1968. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000501229
• Tardugno, R., Serio, A., Pellati, F., D’Amato, S., López, C.C., Bellardi, M.G., Vito, M.D., Savini, V., Paparella, A., & Benvenuti, S. (2019). Lavandula x intermedia and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils: Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens. Natural Product Research, 33(22), 3330 3335. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1475377
• Tavakolpour, Y., Moosavi-Nasab, M., Niakousari, M., Haghighi-Manesh, S., Hashemi, S.M. B., & Khaneghah, A.M. (2017). Comparison of four extraction methods for essential oil from Thymus daenensis Subsp. Lancifolius and chemical analysis of extracted essential oil. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(4), e13046. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.13046
• Thostenson, E.T., & Chou, T.W. (1999). Microwave processing: fundamentals and applications. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 30(9), 1055-1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(99)00020-2
• Tunç, M.T., & Koca, I. (2019). Ohmic heating assisted hydrodistillation of clove essential oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 141, 111763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111763
• Uysal, B., Sozmen, F., & Buyuktas, B.S. (2010). Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oils from Laurus nobilis and Melissa officinalis: Comparison with conventional hydrodistillation and ultrasound extraction. Natural Product Communications, 5(1), 111-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000500127
• Va´gi, E., Sima´ndi, B., Suhajda, A´., & He´thelyi, E´. (2005). Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of Origanum majorana L. extracts obtained with ethyl alcohol and supercritical carbon dioxide. Food Research International, 38(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.07.006
• Vian, A.M., Fernandez, X.F., & Chemat, V.F. (2008). Microwave hydro diffusion and gravity, a new technique for extraction of essential oils. Journal of Chromatography A, 1190(1-2), 14-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.086
• Wang, S., Yu, Z., Wang, C., Wu, C., Guo, P., & Wei, J. (2018). Chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of agarwood and aquilaria plants. Molecules, 23, 342. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020342
• Wang, Z., Ding, L., Li, T., Zhou, X., Wang, L., Zhang, H., Liu, L., Li, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, H., Zeng, H., & He, H. (2006). Improved solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried Cuminum cyminum L. and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Journal of Chromatography A, 1102(1-2), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.032
• Wannera, J., Bailb, S., Jirovetzb, L., Buchbauerb, G., Gochevd, E.S.V., Girovad, T., Atanasovae, T., & Stoyanovae, A. (2010). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of cumin oil (Cuminum cyminum, Apiaceae). Natural Product Communications, 5(9), 1355-1358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1000500904
• Wells, R., Truong, F., Adal, A.M., Sarker, L.S., & Mahmoud, S.S. (2018). Lavandula essential oils: A current review of applications in medicinal, food, and cosmetic industries of lavender. Natural Communications, 13(10), 1403 1417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1801301038.
• Wenqiang, G., Shufen, L., Ruixiang, Y., Shaokun, T., & Can, Q. (2007). Comparison of essential oils of clove buds extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and other three traditional extraction methods. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1558 1564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.04.009
• Yang, J.K., Choi, M.S., Seo, W.T., Rinker, D.L., Han, S.W., & Cheong, G.W. (2007). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Chamaecyparis obtusa leaf essential oil. Fitoterapia, 78, 149-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.09.026
• Yen, H.Y., & Lin, Y.C. (2017). Green extraction of Cymbopogon citrus essential oil by solar energy. Industrial Crops and Products, 108, 716 721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.07.039
• Zareifard, M.R., Ramaswamy, H.S., Trigui, M., & Marcotte, M. (2003). Ohmic heating behavior and electrical conductivity of two-phase food systems. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 4, 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1466-8564(02)00088-7
• Zhang, J., Wu, H., Jiang, D., Yang, Y., Tang, W., & Xu, K. (2019). The antifungal activity of essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. grown in China and its synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics against Candida. Natural Product Research, 33(17), 2545-2548. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1448979
• Zhang, T., Wang, L., Duan, D.H., Zhang, Y.H., Huang, S.X., & Chang, Y. (2018). Cytotoxicity-guided isolation of two new phenolic derivatives from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. Molecules, 23(7), 1652. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071652.
• Zhang, Z.H., Tong, Y.Q., Qian, X.Y., & Li, S.L. (2019). Research progress of chemical components and pharmacological activities of Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 40(10), 320-333. https://doi.org/10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2019.10.053
• Zhao, D.D., Zhao, Q.S., Liu, L., Chen, Z.Q., Zeng, W.M., Lei, H., & Zhang, Y.L. (2014). Compounds from Dryopteris Fragrans (L.) Schott with cytotoxic activity. Molecules, 19(3), 3345-3355. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19033345
• Zhao, S., & Zhang, D. (2014). Supercritical CO2 extraction of eucalyptus leaves oil and comparison with Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Separation and Purification Technology, 133, 443-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.07.018
• Zhi-linga, C., Jian-pinga, C., Hui-linb, C., Wei-taoa, B., Hai-yana, C., & Mo-lin, L. (2011). Research on the extraction of plant volatile oils, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 8, 426- 432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2011.10.067
• Zhu, R.X. (2011). Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(26), 4631 4637. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR11.772
• Zorga, J., Kunicka-Styczy´nska, A., Gruska, R., & Smigielski, K. (2020). Ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from celery seeds (Apium graveolens L.) and its biological and aroma profiles. Molecules, 25, 5322. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225322