Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from tobacco waste seeds, grown under organic production

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 408 - 420, 29.08.2024

Liliya Stoyanova , Maria Angelova Romova Margarita Docheva , Desislava Kirkova

https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.1370869

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the total phenolic content of Oriental tobacco waste seeds, grown under organic production, and to evaluate their antioxidant activity by extraction with different solvents under different conditions. The extraction was performed with H2O, 99.9% CH3OH, 60% CH3OH, and 96% C2H5OH under maceration and ultrasonic extraction at 20°C and 40°C. All solvents were used in a volume of 4 mL, 5 mL, and 6 mL. The total phenolic content varied between 0.89 mg/g GAE (maceration; sample/solvent ratio 0.1g/5mL, C2H5OH) and 5.85 mg/g GAE (maceration; sample/solvent ratio 0.1g/6mL, C2H5OH). Ethanolic and 60% methanolic extracts had the highest antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH method; 60% methanolic and water extracts had the highest antioxidant activity as determined by the ABTS method; while methanolic and 60% methanolic extracts had the highest antioxidant activity as determined by the FRAP method. In addition, the content of nicotine in tobacco seed extract was not detected.

Keywords

Tobacco waste seeds, Extraction, Total phenolic content, Antioxidant activity

References

• Abbas Ali, M., Abu Sayeed, M., Kumar Roy, R., Yeasmin, S., Mohal Khan, A. (2008). Comparative Study on Characteristics of Seed Oils and Nutritional Composition of Seeds from Different Varieties of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Cultivated in Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, 3, 203-212. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2008.203.212
• Alara, O., Abdurahman, N., Ukaegbu, C. (2021). Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review. Current Research in Food Science, 4, 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.011
• Angelova, E., Petkova, N. (2019). Determination of biologically active substances in extracts of seven medicinal plants. Youth forums "Science, technology, innovation, business - 2019", 66-71.
• Banozic, M., Babic, J., Jokic, S. (2020). Recent advances in extraction of bioactive compounds from tobacco industrial waste-a review. Industrial Crop and Production, 112009, 144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.112009
• Benzie, I., Strain, J. (1966). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry; 239, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
• Birasuren, B., Kim, N.Y., Jeon, H.L., Kim, M.R. (2013). Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of agriophyllum pungens seed extracts from Mongolia. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 18(3), 188-195. https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2013.18.3.188
• Bozukov, H. (2018). Biological/organic production of tobacco. Bulgarian Tobacco, 1-2, 8-12.
• Bozukov, H., Kasheva, M., Kochev, Y., & Vitanova, D. (2019). Evaluation of oriental tobacco of the variety group of Basmi upon organic production. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(4), 633-637.
• Corso, M., Perreau, F., Mouille, G., Lepiniec, L. (2020). Specialized phenolic compounds in seeds: structures, functions, and regulations. Plant Science, 296, 110471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110471
• Dagnon, S., Edreva, A. (2003). Application of pattern recognition method for color assessment of oriental tobacco based on HPLC of polyphenols. Contributions to Tobacco Research, 20(5), 355-359.
• Docheva, M.H., Kochev, Y.G., Kirkova, D.M., Stoilova, A.B. (2020). Antioxidant activity and chemical composition of crude extracts from different tobaccos and tobacco blends. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 52(D), 149-154.
• Docheva, M.H., Popova, V.T., Ivanova, T.A., Nikolova, V.V., Hristeva, T.H., Nikolov, N.N. (2018). Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of aqueous/methanol extracts from different tobacco species (Nicotiana). Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 50(4), 553-559.
• Docheva, M., Dagnon, S., Statkova-Abeghe, S. (2014). Flavonoid content and radical scavenging potential of extracts prepared from tobacco cultivars and waste. Natatural Product Research, 28(17), 1328-1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.902947
• Frega, N., Bocci, F., Conte, L.S., Testa, F. (1991). Chemical composition of tobacco seeds (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 68(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02660305
• Gorjanovic´, S., Alvarez-Suarez, J., Novakovic´, M., Lato Pezo, F., Battino, M., Suzˇnjevic´, D. (2013). Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity of honey of different floral sources using recently developed polarographic and various spectrophotometric assays. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 30, 13-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2012.12.004
• ISO 15152 (2003). Determination of the content of total alkaloids as nicotine Continuous-flow analysis method.
• Kirkova, D., Statkova-Abeghe, S., Docheva, M., Stremski, Y., Minkova, S. (2020). Structure-activity relationship of in vitro radical-scavenging activity of 2-(hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole derivatives. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 52(D), 196-200.
• Knežević, V., Pezo, L., Lončar, B., Filipović, V., Nićetin, M., Gorjanović, S., Šuput, D. (2019). Antioxidant Capacity of Nettle Leaves During Osmotic Treatment. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 63(3), 491-498. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPch.12688
• Kochev, Y. (2008). Investigation of the influence of the parameters in the separation of tobacco seeds in an inclined air duct. "USB-Plovdiv, Jubilee Scientific Session" 60 Years of USB - Plovdiv, Series C, Natural and Human Sciences, VII, 119-122.
• Kumar, A., Nirmal, P., Kumar, M., Jose, A., Tomer, V., Oz, E., Proestos, C., Zeng, M., Elobeid, T., Sneha, K., Oz, F. (2023). Major Phytochemicals: Recent Advances in Health Benefits and Extraction Method. Molecules, 28(2), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020887
• Munteanu, I., Apetrei, C. (2021). Analytical methods used in determining antioxidant activity: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 3380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073380
• Özcan, M., Uslu, N., Lemiasheuski, V., Kulluk, D., Gezgin, S. (2023). Effect of roasting on the physico‐chemical properties, fatty acids, polyphenols and mineral contents of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed and oils. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 100(5), 403-412. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12680
• Piluzza, G., Bullitta, S. (2011). Correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant properties in twenty-four plant species of traditional ethnoveterinary use in the Mediterranean area. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(3), 240 247. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.501083
• Popova, V., Petkova, Z., Ivanova, T., Stoyanova, M., Lazarov, L., Stoyanova, A., Hristeva, T., Docheva, M., Nikolova, V., Nikolov, N., Zheljazkov, V. (2018). Biologically active components in seeds of three Nicotiana species. Industrial Crops & Products, 117, 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.03.020
• Raei, Y., Aghaei-Gharachorlou, P. (2015). Organic cultivation of industrial crops: A review. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 336-377.
• Rodgman, A., Perfetti, T.A. (2013). The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, 2nd ed. CRC Press.
• Rossi, L., Fusi, E., Baldi, G., Fogher, C., Cheli, F., Baldi A., Dell`Orto. V. (2013). Tobacco Seeds By-Product as Protein Source for Piglets. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 3(1), 73-78. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2013.31012
• Sargi, S.C., Silva, B.C., Santos, H.M.C., Montanher, P.F., Boeing, J.S., Santos Júnior, O.O., Souza, N.E., Visentainer, J.V. (2013). Antioxidant capacity and chemical composition in seeds rich in omega-3: Chia, flax, and perilla. Food Science and Technology, 33(3), 541-548. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-20612013005000057
• Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J.A. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolic with phosphomolybdic- phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-58.
• Sun, P., Liu, Y., Yi, Y., Li, H., Fan, P., Xia, C. (2015). Preliminary enrichment and separation of chlorogenic acid from Helianthus tuberosus L. leaves extract by macroporous resins. Food Chemistry, 168, 55-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.038
• Tomov, N., Chotova, T., Apostolov, N. (1983). Influence of tobacco seed size on their sowing qualities. Agriculture science, 22(2), 59-66.
• Usta, N. (2005). Use of tobacco seed oil methyl ester in a turbocharged indirect injection diesel engine. Biomass Bioenergy, 28(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.06.004
• Usta, N., Aydoǧan, B., On, A.H., Uǧuzdǒan, E., Özkal, S.G. (2011). Properties and quality verification of biodiesel produced from tobacco seed oil. Energy Convers. Manag., 52(5), 2031-2039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.12.021
• Xie, Z., Whent, M., Lutterodt, H., Niu, Y., Slavin, M., Kratochvil, R., Yu, L. (2011). Phytochemical, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties of seed oil and flour extracts of Maryland-grown tobacco cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59(18), 9877-9884. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf202069g
• Youn, J.S., Kim, Y.J., Na, H.J., Jung, H.R., Song, C.K., Kang, S.Y., Kim, J.Y. (2019). Antioxidant activity and contents of leaf extracts obtained from Dendropanax morbifera LEV are dependent on the collecting season and extraction conditions. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28(1), 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-018-0352-y
• Zlatanov, M., Angelova, M., Antova, G., (2007). Lipid Composition of Tobacco Seeds, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 13(5), 539-544.