Usefulness of Homoeopathic Medicine in Oppositional Defiant Disorder(ODD):A Case Report

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 101 - 108, 05.08.2022

S Karunakara Moorthı , Radhika P

https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1121166

Abstract

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a disruptive behavioural disorder in which a child displays a pattern of an angry mood, defiant or combative behaviour, and vindictiveness toward people in authority. The child's behaviour often disrupts their daily routine, including activities within the family and at school. An 18-year-old male reported in the Out Patient Department with symptoms of anger and vindictiveness. The consultant psychiatrist diagnosed it as a case of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Disruptive Behaviour Disorder Rating Scale (DBDRS) – ODD items was used to assess the severity of the disease. Modified Naranjo Criteria was used to assess whether the changes were likely to be associated with the homoeopathic intervention. Overall improvement was noticed clinically. DBDRS score was 22 at the time of admission. Sepia 200 was selected as the individualized homeopathic medicine. His symptoms got improved and he was discharged. DBDRS score was reduced to 0 at the end of 16 months. Individualized homoeopathic treatment has shown a positive role for the management and treatment of disruptive behavioural disorder.

Keywords

Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Homoeopathy, Psychiatry, Sepia, Natrum Muriaticum, DBDRS.

References

• Burke JD, Romano-Verthelyi AM. Oppositional defiant disorder. In Developmental Pathways to Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders. Elsevier Academic Press; 2018: 21-5.
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 462-466.
• Boylan K, Vaillancourt T, Boyle M, Szatmari P. Comorbidity of internalizing disorders in children with oppositional defiant disorder. Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2007; 16(8): 484–494.
• Mishra A, Garg SP, Desai SN. Prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in primary school children. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. 2014; 36: 246-250.
• Srinath S, Girimaji SC, Gururaj G, et al. Epidemiological study of child &and adolescent psychiatric disorders in urban and rural areas of Bangalore, India. Indian J Med Res 2005; 122:67-79.
• Angold A, Costello E, Erkanli A. Comorbidity. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry. 1999; 40: 57–97
• Serra-Pinheiro MA, Schmitz M, Mattos P, Souza I. Oppositional defiant disorder: a review of neurobiological and environmental correlates, comorbidities, treatment and prognosis. Braz J Psychiatry. 2004; 26:273-6.
• Kadesjo C, Hagglof B, Kadesjo B, Gillberg C. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with and without oppositional defiant disorder in 3- to 7-year-old children. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2003; 45(10):693-9.
• Loeber R, Burke JD. Developmental Pathways in Juvenile Externalizing and Internalizing Problems. J Res Adolesc. 2011; 21(1):34-46.
• Granero R, Louwaars L, Ezpeleta L. Socioeconomic status and oppositional defiant disorder in preschoolers: parenting practices and executive functioning as mediating variables. Front Psychol. 2015; 24(6):1412.
• Noordermeer SD, Luman M, Oosterlaan J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) taking attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into account. Neuropsychology review. 2016; 26(1):44-72.
• Burke JD, Loeber R, Birmaher B. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002; 41(11):1275-93.
• Loeber R, Lahey BB, Thomas C. Diagnostic conundrum of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. J Abnorm Psychol .1991;100:379–390
• Cohen P, Flory M. Issues in the disruptive behavior disorders: attention deficit disorder without hyperactivity and the differential validity of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders. In: DSM-IV Sourcebook, Vol 4, Widiger T, ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1998: 455–463.
• Cavanagh M, Quinn D, Duncan D, Graham T, Balbuena L. Oppositional defiant disorder is better conceptualized as a disorder of emotional regulation. J. Atten. Disord. 2017; 21(5):381-9.
• Anderson NE, Kiehl KA. The psychopath magnetized insights from brain imaging. Trends Cogn Sci. 2012; 16(1):52-60.
• Loeber R, Burke JD, Lahey BB, Winters A, Zera M. Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 39(12):1468-84.
• Burke J D, Loeber R, Birmaher, B. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10 years, part II. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41(11): 1275–1293.
• Hamilton S S, Armando J. Oppositional defiant disorder. American Family Physician. 2008; 78(7): 861–866.
• Kivumbi A, Byansi W, Damulira C. et al. Prevalence of behavioral disorders and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder among school going children in Southwestern Uganda. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19(1):1-8.
• Disruptive Behaviour Disorder Rating Scale (DBDRS); https://www.psychtools.info/dbdrs/
• Van Haselen RA. Homeopathic clinical case reports: Development of a supplement (HOM-CASE) to the CARE clinical case reporting guideline. Complement Ther Med. 2016;25:78–85
• Moorthi SK, Radhika P. Homoeopathic Management of Conduct Disorder: A Case Series. Homœopathic Links. 2021; 34(03):241-8.
• Revathi TR. A Study on Homoeopathic Management of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children (Doctoral dissertation, Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College, Kulasekharam).
• Rothenberg A. Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Homœopathic Links. 2009; 22 (04):184-9.