Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
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Does Reflexology Reduce Birth Pain? A Systematic Review

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 168 - 178, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1296559

Abstract

Objectives: In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the efficacy of foot reflexology method on pain intensity of labor.
Material-Method: The study was done in the second half of 2019 PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Science Citation Index, Science Direct, ULAKBIM (Turkish National Databases) databases were searched using terms and keywords including ‘labor pain’ ‘vaginal delivery’ ‘normal delivery’ ‘pregnancy and delivery’ ‘reflexology’ ‘foot massage’ ‘pain and reflexology’ in three languages.
Results: Out of a total of 3292 articles found from databases, 9 articles that had inclusion criteria were included in the study. Studies have shown that foot reflexology during labor reduces the severity of labor pain.
Conclusions: Performing foot reflexology as one of the low-risk and low-cost methods of pain relief can be an effective method in reducing pain and duration of labor. It is recommended that more adequately powered studies be done in this area.

Supporting Institution

None

Project Number

None

References

  • 1. Wall P, Melzack R. Text book of pain. 5th. London: Churchill Living stone. 1999:786-79.
  • 2. Poole H, Glenn S, Murphy P. A randomised controlled study of reflexology for the management of chronic low back pain. EJP. 2007;11(8):878-87.
  • 3. Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. JMWH. 2004;49(6):489-504.
  • 4. Mathew AM, Francis F. Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology in Reduction of Labour Pain among Mothers in Labour Admitted at PSG. IJNE. 2016;8(3):11-15.
  • 5. Hall HG, McKenna LG, Griffiths DL. Midwives’ support for complementary and alternative medicine: a literature review. Women and Birth. 2012;25(1):4-12.
  • 6. Vincent C, Furnham A. Complementary medicine: state of the evidence. JRSM. 1999;92(4):170-177.
  • 7. Mollart L. Single-blind trial addressing the differential effects of two reflexology techniques versus rest, on ankle and foot oedema in late pregnancy. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery. 2003;9(4):203-8.
  • 8. Alavimajd H, Dolatian M, Heshmat R, et al. The Effect of Reflexology on Pain Intensity of Labor. JUMS Journal. 2010;18(72):52-61.
  • 9. Sadeghi SM, Bozorgzad P, Ghafourian A, et al. Effect of foot reflexology on sternotomy pain after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Iranian J Crit Care. 2009;2:51-54.
  • 10. Asltoghiri M, Ghodsi Z. The effects of Reflexology on sleep disorder in menopausal women. Procedia. 2012;31:242-6.
  • 11. Launso L, Brendstrup E, Arnberg S. An exploratory study of reflexological treatment for headache. ATHM. 1999;5(3):57.
  • 12. Tiran D, Mack S. Complementary therapies for pregnancy and childbirth: Baillière Tindall; 2000.
  • 13. Wilkinson IS, Prigmore S, Rayner CF. A randomised-controlled trail examining the effects of reflexology of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2006;12(2):141-7.
  • 14. Xavier R. Facts on reflexology (foot massage). Nurs J India. 2007;98(1):11.
  • 15. ElFattah A, Metwaly S, Khedr N. Outcomes of foot reflexology on the pain and certain features of the labor for the primiparous women. Life Sci J. 2015;12(6):206-216.
  • 16. Tiran D, Chummun H. The physiological basis of reflexology and its use as a potential diagnostic tool. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2005;11(1):58-64.
  • 17. Botting D. Review of literature on the effectiveness of reflexology. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery. 1997;3(5):123-30.
  • 18. McCullough J, Liddle S, Sinclair M, et al. The physiological and biochemical outcomes associated with a reflexology treatment: a systematic review. eCAM. 2014;2014.
  • 19. Rahmani A, Naseri M, Salaree MM, et al. Comparing the effect of foot reflexology massage, foot bath and their combination on quality of sleep in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Caring Sci. 2016;5(4):299.
  • 20. Woodward S, Norton C, Barriball KL. A pilot study of the effectiveness of reflexology in treating idiopathic constipation in women. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice. 2010;16(1):41-6.
  • 21. Mollart L. Women, midwives and reflexology: making a difference. Women and Birth. 2015;28:S50.
  • 22. Poorghazneyn T, Ghafari F. The effect of reflexology on the intensity of Fatigue on pregnant Women referred to health center of Ramsar city. Nursing Midwifery J. 2006;12:5-11.
  • 23. Azima S, Bakhshayesh HR, Kaviani M, et al. Comparison of the effect of massage therapy and isometric exercises on primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr Adolesc Ggynecol. 2015;28(6):486-91.
  • 24. Dalal K, Devarajan E, Pandey RM, et al. Role of Reflexology and Antiepileptic Drugs in Managing Intractable Epilepsy-a Randomized Controlled Trial. Complementary Medicine Research. 2013;20(2):104-11.
  • 25. Moghimi-Hanjani S, Mehdizadeh-Tourzani Z, Shoghi M. The effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain, and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. Acta Med Iran. 2015;53(8):507-11.
  • 26. Mackereth PA, Booth K, Hillier VF, et al. Reflexology and progressive muscle relaxation training for people with multiple sclerosis: a crossover trial. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice. 2009;15(1):14-21.
  • 27. Eman, G. Efficacy of Reflexology on First Stage Labour Pains. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing. 2015;18:53-64.
  • 28. Mathew A, and Francis F. Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology in Reduction of Labour Pain among Mothers in Labour Admitted at PSG Hospital, Coimbatore. IJONE. 2016;8(3):11-15.
  • 29. Valiani M, Shiran E, Kianpour M, et al. Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women. IJNMR. 2010;15(Suppl1):302-310.
  • 30. Dolatian M, Hasanpour A, Montazeri S, et al. The effect of reflexology on pain intensity and duration of labor on primiparas. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2011;13(7):475.
  • 31. Mirzaei F, Kaviani M, Effect of Foot Reflexology on Duration of Labor and Severity of First-Stage Labor Pain. IJOGI.2010. 13(1):27-32.
  • 32. Jenabi E, Hajiloo Mohajeran M, Torkamani M. The effect of reflexology on relieving the labor pain. IJOGI. 2012;14(8):34
  • 33. Kamjoo A, Pormehr Yabandeh A, Shahi A, et al. The Effect of Reflexology on Labor Pain and Length Among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IEJM. 2018 ;7(1):30-4.
  • 34. Hajighasemali S, Ali A, Sedegheh A, et al. Comparison of the effects of spleen 6 acupressure and foot reflexology on the intensity of pain in the first stage of labor. JAHROM MEDICAL 2015;12(4):15–22.
  • 35. Abdulziz K, El-Refaye G, El Hameed HA, et al. Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain and Outcomes of Labor. The 18th International Scientific Conference; 2017; Faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo.
  • 36. Kaur J, Kaur S, Bhardwaj N. Effect of'foot massage and reflexology'on physiological parameters of critically ill patients. Nursing and midwifery research journal. 2012;8(3):223-33.
  • 37. Gunnarsdottir TJ, Jonsdottir H. Does the experimental design capture the effects of complementary therapy? A study using reflexology for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JCN. 2007;16(4):777-85.
  • 38. Korkan EA, Uyar M. Ağrı kontrolünde kanıt temelli yaklaşım: Refleksoloji. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2014;5(1):9-14.
  • 39. Özdelikara A, Tan Mehtap. The effect of reflexology on the quality of life with breast cancer patients. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice, 2017, 29: 122-129.
  • 40. Quinn F, Hughes CM, Baxter G. Reflexology in the management of low back pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Complementary Therapies In Medicine. 2008;16(1):3-8.
  • 41. Atkins RC, Harris P. Using reflexology to manage stress in the workplace: a preliminary study. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice. 2008;14(4):280-7.
  • 42. Samuel C, Ebenezer I. The effects of reflexology on pain threshold and tolerance in an ice-pain experiment in healthy human subjects. Complement Ther Med. 2008;16:233-7.
  • 43. Wang MY, Tsai PS, Lee PH, et al. The efficacy of reflexology: systematic review. JAN. 2008;62(5):512-20. 44. Vennells DF. Refleksoloji. Ruhsal Araştırmalar Bülteni. 2012;2:9-13.
  • 45. Morey JH. Integrative reflexology: a therapy within a naturopathic nursing practice. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. 2005;1(5):400-401.
  • 46. Alehagen S, Wijma B, Lundberg U, et al. Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2005;26(3):153-65.
  • 47. Valiani M, Shiran E, Kianpour M, et al. Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women. IJNMR. 2010;15(Suppl1):302.
  • 48. Abbasi Z, Abedian Z, Fadaei A. The effect of massage on the duration of fırst stage of labor. J Arak Uni Med Sci. 2008;11(1):63-71.
  • 49. McCullough JEM, Hughes CM. Reflexology use during Pregnancy. J Yoga Phys Ther. 2015;5(2):1.
  • 50. Ager C. A complementary therapy clinic making it work. RCM Midwives J. 2002;5(6):198-200.
  • 51. Liisberg BG. The effects of reflexology on labor outcome. Tidsskrift for Jordemodre. 1989;3:11-15.
  • 52. Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, et al. Williams Obstetrics, 24e: Mcgraw-hill; 2014.
  • 53. McNeill JA, Alderdice FA, McMurray F. A retrospective cohort study exploring the relationship between antenatal reflexology and intranatal outcomes. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2006;12(2):119-25.
  • 54. Cheng YW, Hopkins LM, Laros Jr RK, et al. Duration of the second stage of labor in multiparous women: maternal and neonatal outcomes. AJOG. 2007;196(6):585. e1- e6.
  • 55. Erkek ZY, Pasinlioglu T. Doğum Ağrısında Alternatif Bir Yöntem: Ayak Refleksolojisi. HUHEMFAD. 2017;4(1):53-61. 56. Yüksel İ, Akbayrak T, Tuğay N, et al. Masaj teknikleri. Klasik masaj teknikleri, Konnektif doku masajı Ankara: Alp Publishers. 2007:15-50.
  • 57. Köksal Ö, Duran ET. Doğum ağrısına kültürel yaklaşım. DEUHFED. 2013;6(3):144-148.
  • 58. Yücel A, Aslan F, Kuğuoğlu S, Babacan A. Ağrı Mekanizması Kavramları Algısını Etkileyen Faktörler Sınıflaması Değerlendirilmesi Ve Ölçümü. In: Aslan FE, ed. Ağrı Doğası Ve Kontrolü. Akademisyen Kitapevi; 1:39-99.
  • 59. Sharifi N, Bahri N. The effect of reflexology on severity of labor pain: A systematic review. IJOGI. 2019; 22(9):85-93.
  • 60. Hakim RI, Karimah N, Saptyani PM, et al. Foot reflexology for women and fetal wellbeing in labor: a review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health. 2019; No. 4, pp. 587-596.
  • 61. Nasiri K, Eyvanbagha R, Nazari N, et al. Physiological and therapeutic effects of reflexology in Iran: a systematic review. Depiction of Health. 2016;7(1):49-61.
  • 62. Ganji J, Keramat A. The effectiveness of massage on labor pain and duration of labor: Systematic Review. IJOGI. 2015;18(158):19-27.
  • 63. Arnon Z, Dor A, Bazak H, et al. Complementary medicine for laboring women: A qualitative study of the effects of reflexology. J Complement Integr Med. 2018; 26(1):22.
  • 64. Pa ES, D'souza LS. Effectiveness of foot reflexology on incisional pain among post LSCS mothers in selected hospitals, mangaluru. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2019; 9(1):155-159.
Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 168 - 178, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1296559

Abstract

Project Number

None

References

  • 1. Wall P, Melzack R. Text book of pain. 5th. London: Churchill Living stone. 1999:786-79.
  • 2. Poole H, Glenn S, Murphy P. A randomised controlled study of reflexology for the management of chronic low back pain. EJP. 2007;11(8):878-87.
  • 3. Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. JMWH. 2004;49(6):489-504.
  • 4. Mathew AM, Francis F. Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology in Reduction of Labour Pain among Mothers in Labour Admitted at PSG. IJNE. 2016;8(3):11-15.
  • 5. Hall HG, McKenna LG, Griffiths DL. Midwives’ support for complementary and alternative medicine: a literature review. Women and Birth. 2012;25(1):4-12.
  • 6. Vincent C, Furnham A. Complementary medicine: state of the evidence. JRSM. 1999;92(4):170-177.
  • 7. Mollart L. Single-blind trial addressing the differential effects of two reflexology techniques versus rest, on ankle and foot oedema in late pregnancy. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery. 2003;9(4):203-8.
  • 8. Alavimajd H, Dolatian M, Heshmat R, et al. The Effect of Reflexology on Pain Intensity of Labor. JUMS Journal. 2010;18(72):52-61.
  • 9. Sadeghi SM, Bozorgzad P, Ghafourian A, et al. Effect of foot reflexology on sternotomy pain after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Iranian J Crit Care. 2009;2:51-54.
  • 10. Asltoghiri M, Ghodsi Z. The effects of Reflexology on sleep disorder in menopausal women. Procedia. 2012;31:242-6.
  • 11. Launso L, Brendstrup E, Arnberg S. An exploratory study of reflexological treatment for headache. ATHM. 1999;5(3):57.
  • 12. Tiran D, Mack S. Complementary therapies for pregnancy and childbirth: Baillière Tindall; 2000.
  • 13. Wilkinson IS, Prigmore S, Rayner CF. A randomised-controlled trail examining the effects of reflexology of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Complementary therapies in clinical practice. 2006;12(2):141-7.
  • 14. Xavier R. Facts on reflexology (foot massage). Nurs J India. 2007;98(1):11.
  • 15. ElFattah A, Metwaly S, Khedr N. Outcomes of foot reflexology on the pain and certain features of the labor for the primiparous women. Life Sci J. 2015;12(6):206-216.
  • 16. Tiran D, Chummun H. The physiological basis of reflexology and its use as a potential diagnostic tool. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2005;11(1):58-64.
  • 17. Botting D. Review of literature on the effectiveness of reflexology. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery. 1997;3(5):123-30.
  • 18. McCullough J, Liddle S, Sinclair M, et al. The physiological and biochemical outcomes associated with a reflexology treatment: a systematic review. eCAM. 2014;2014.
  • 19. Rahmani A, Naseri M, Salaree MM, et al. Comparing the effect of foot reflexology massage, foot bath and their combination on quality of sleep in patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Caring Sci. 2016;5(4):299.
  • 20. Woodward S, Norton C, Barriball KL. A pilot study of the effectiveness of reflexology in treating idiopathic constipation in women. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice. 2010;16(1):41-6.
  • 21. Mollart L. Women, midwives and reflexology: making a difference. Women and Birth. 2015;28:S50.
  • 22. Poorghazneyn T, Ghafari F. The effect of reflexology on the intensity of Fatigue on pregnant Women referred to health center of Ramsar city. Nursing Midwifery J. 2006;12:5-11.
  • 23. Azima S, Bakhshayesh HR, Kaviani M, et al. Comparison of the effect of massage therapy and isometric exercises on primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Pediatr Adolesc Ggynecol. 2015;28(6):486-91.
  • 24. Dalal K, Devarajan E, Pandey RM, et al. Role of Reflexology and Antiepileptic Drugs in Managing Intractable Epilepsy-a Randomized Controlled Trial. Complementary Medicine Research. 2013;20(2):104-11.
  • 25. Moghimi-Hanjani S, Mehdizadeh-Tourzani Z, Shoghi M. The effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain, and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. Acta Med Iran. 2015;53(8):507-11.
  • 26. Mackereth PA, Booth K, Hillier VF, et al. Reflexology and progressive muscle relaxation training for people with multiple sclerosis: a crossover trial. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice. 2009;15(1):14-21.
  • 27. Eman, G. Efficacy of Reflexology on First Stage Labour Pains. Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing. 2015;18:53-64.
  • 28. Mathew A, and Francis F. Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology in Reduction of Labour Pain among Mothers in Labour Admitted at PSG Hospital, Coimbatore. IJONE. 2016;8(3):11-15.
  • 29. Valiani M, Shiran E, Kianpour M, et al. Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women. IJNMR. 2010;15(Suppl1):302-310.
  • 30. Dolatian M, Hasanpour A, Montazeri S, et al. The effect of reflexology on pain intensity and duration of labor on primiparas. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2011;13(7):475.
  • 31. Mirzaei F, Kaviani M, Effect of Foot Reflexology on Duration of Labor and Severity of First-Stage Labor Pain. IJOGI.2010. 13(1):27-32.
  • 32. Jenabi E, Hajiloo Mohajeran M, Torkamani M. The effect of reflexology on relieving the labor pain. IJOGI. 2012;14(8):34
  • 33. Kamjoo A, Pormehr Yabandeh A, Shahi A, et al. The Effect of Reflexology on Labor Pain and Length Among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IEJM. 2018 ;7(1):30-4.
  • 34. Hajighasemali S, Ali A, Sedegheh A, et al. Comparison of the effects of spleen 6 acupressure and foot reflexology on the intensity of pain in the first stage of labor. JAHROM MEDICAL 2015;12(4):15–22.
  • 35. Abdulziz K, El-Refaye G, El Hameed HA, et al. Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain and Outcomes of Labor. The 18th International Scientific Conference; 2017; Faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo.
  • 36. Kaur J, Kaur S, Bhardwaj N. Effect of'foot massage and reflexology'on physiological parameters of critically ill patients. Nursing and midwifery research journal. 2012;8(3):223-33.
  • 37. Gunnarsdottir TJ, Jonsdottir H. Does the experimental design capture the effects of complementary therapy? A study using reflexology for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. JCN. 2007;16(4):777-85.
  • 38. Korkan EA, Uyar M. Ağrı kontrolünde kanıt temelli yaklaşım: Refleksoloji. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg. 2014;5(1):9-14.
  • 39. Özdelikara A, Tan Mehtap. The effect of reflexology on the quality of life with breast cancer patients. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice, 2017, 29: 122-129.
  • 40. Quinn F, Hughes CM, Baxter G. Reflexology in the management of low back pain: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Complementary Therapies In Medicine. 2008;16(1):3-8.
  • 41. Atkins RC, Harris P. Using reflexology to manage stress in the workplace: a preliminary study. Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice. 2008;14(4):280-7.
  • 42. Samuel C, Ebenezer I. The effects of reflexology on pain threshold and tolerance in an ice-pain experiment in healthy human subjects. Complement Ther Med. 2008;16:233-7.
  • 43. Wang MY, Tsai PS, Lee PH, et al. The efficacy of reflexology: systematic review. JAN. 2008;62(5):512-20. 44. Vennells DF. Refleksoloji. Ruhsal Araştırmalar Bülteni. 2012;2:9-13.
  • 45. Morey JH. Integrative reflexology: a therapy within a naturopathic nursing practice. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing. 2005;1(5):400-401.
  • 46. Alehagen S, Wijma B, Lundberg U, et al. Fear, pain and stress hormones during childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2005;26(3):153-65.
  • 47. Valiani M, Shiran E, Kianpour M, et al. Reviewing the effect of reflexology on the pain and certain features and outcomes of the labor on the primiparous women. IJNMR. 2010;15(Suppl1):302.
  • 48. Abbasi Z, Abedian Z, Fadaei A. The effect of massage on the duration of fırst stage of labor. J Arak Uni Med Sci. 2008;11(1):63-71.
  • 49. McCullough JEM, Hughes CM. Reflexology use during Pregnancy. J Yoga Phys Ther. 2015;5(2):1.
  • 50. Ager C. A complementary therapy clinic making it work. RCM Midwives J. 2002;5(6):198-200.
  • 51. Liisberg BG. The effects of reflexology on labor outcome. Tidsskrift for Jordemodre. 1989;3:11-15.
  • 52. Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, et al. Williams Obstetrics, 24e: Mcgraw-hill; 2014.
  • 53. McNeill JA, Alderdice FA, McMurray F. A retrospective cohort study exploring the relationship between antenatal reflexology and intranatal outcomes. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2006;12(2):119-25.
  • 54. Cheng YW, Hopkins LM, Laros Jr RK, et al. Duration of the second stage of labor in multiparous women: maternal and neonatal outcomes. AJOG. 2007;196(6):585. e1- e6.
  • 55. Erkek ZY, Pasinlioglu T. Doğum Ağrısında Alternatif Bir Yöntem: Ayak Refleksolojisi. HUHEMFAD. 2017;4(1):53-61. 56. Yüksel İ, Akbayrak T, Tuğay N, et al. Masaj teknikleri. Klasik masaj teknikleri, Konnektif doku masajı Ankara: Alp Publishers. 2007:15-50.
  • 57. Köksal Ö, Duran ET. Doğum ağrısına kültürel yaklaşım. DEUHFED. 2013;6(3):144-148.
  • 58. Yücel A, Aslan F, Kuğuoğlu S, Babacan A. Ağrı Mekanizması Kavramları Algısını Etkileyen Faktörler Sınıflaması Değerlendirilmesi Ve Ölçümü. In: Aslan FE, ed. Ağrı Doğası Ve Kontrolü. Akademisyen Kitapevi; 1:39-99.
  • 59. Sharifi N, Bahri N. The effect of reflexology on severity of labor pain: A systematic review. IJOGI. 2019; 22(9):85-93.
  • 60. Hakim RI, Karimah N, Saptyani PM, et al. Foot reflexology for women and fetal wellbeing in labor: a review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Science and Health. 2019; No. 4, pp. 587-596.
  • 61. Nasiri K, Eyvanbagha R, Nazari N, et al. Physiological and therapeutic effects of reflexology in Iran: a systematic review. Depiction of Health. 2016;7(1):49-61.
  • 62. Ganji J, Keramat A. The effectiveness of massage on labor pain and duration of labor: Systematic Review. IJOGI. 2015;18(158):19-27.
  • 63. Arnon Z, Dor A, Bazak H, et al. Complementary medicine for laboring women: A qualitative study of the effects of reflexology. J Complement Integr Med. 2018; 26(1):22.
  • 64. Pa ES, D'souza LS. Effectiveness of foot reflexology on incisional pain among post LSCS mothers in selected hospitals, mangaluru. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2019; 9(1):155-159.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Fatma Ay 0000-0001-9491-0731

Pooneh Aghıl Dızaj 0000-0003-1274-7251

Project Number None
Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date May 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ay, F., & Aghıl Dızaj, P. (2023). Does Reflexology Reduce Birth Pain? A Systematic Review. International Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research, 4(3), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.53811/ijtcmr.1296559

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