‘‘Mediated’’ Negotiation over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Achievement, Challenges and Prospect

Abstract

The Nile river is the origin of African civilization. Egypt was considered for many years as hegemon for the Abbay/Nile River utilization by the international community. Hence, Egypt act as if it is until Ethiopia starts building a dam that will be the largest hydroelectric project in the continent, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam(GERD). But, the construction of the dam was not smooth. It was full of controversy and war-probing acts which led to the need for negotiation and then to the intervention of third party as ‘mediator’. Thus, this study explored the main achievements gained after the tripartite negotiation started being ‘mediated’, challenges faced for not reaching on agreements still, and the future prospects on the negotiation ahead. The study employed exploratory research design and used content analysis as a method of analysis by using neo-liberal institutionalism as a theoretical approach perspective to analyze the situation on backing up by regime theory analysis. The main findings of the study showed that even if many scholars gave Egypt the status of hydro-hegemon on Nile river, most experts and authorities related to the issue that Egypt was not hegemon at all rather the upper riparians lacked the ability to develop hydro-projects until few years back. The main challenges, according to the study, for not reaching an agreement till now even with third party ‘mediation’ is due to lack of political will, impartial act of ‘mediation’ and using the negotiation as a tool of winning a leverage for domestic political gain. Finally, it is concluded that the so called ‘mediation’ is not mediation but a facilitation and has bring nothing apart from the progress attained with the tripartite negotiation. Therefore, it is recommended that the disputant states to show political willingness, to consider compensation and to show decency in respecting international law.

Keywords

• Ethiopia
• Nile River
• Egypt
• hydro-politics
• hydro-hegemony
• cooperation

Thanks

To my beloved wife Mekdes Hagos & to my advisor Instructor Endale Nigussie

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