Afet Yönetiminde ve Afete Bağlı Yaralanmalarda Fizyoterapistlerin Rol ve Görevleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 835 - 843, 21.06.2023

Zafer Erden , Nazım Tolgahan Yıldız

Öz

Afetlerin Türkiye’de görülme sıklığının artması ile birlikte, yaşanan büyük can kayıplarının yanı sıra, ciddi yaralanmalar sonucu rehabilitasyona ihtiyaç duyan birey sayısında büyük artış meydana gelmiştir. Afetlerle başa çıkmanın en etkili yolu, toplumu afetten korumak, koruma gerçekleşmediği zaman ise toplumun hazırlığını artırarak ve rehabilitasyon alanında yeterli bilgi donanımı ile üst düzeyde afet yanıtının verilmesini sağlamaktır. Afet yönetiminin bütün aşamalarında fizyoterapistlere önemli görevler düşmektedir. Afet öncesinde eğitimlerle toplumun afete karşı hazırlıklı hale getirilmesi, müdahale ve iyileşme aşamalarında ise erken tedavi ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin verilmesiyle afetin olumsuz etkileri en aza indirilebilir. Afetlerden sonra, kırıklar, periferik sinir, spinal kord, travmatik beyin yaralanmaları, yanıklar, solunum problemleri ve amputasyonlar gibi kas-iskelet, nöro-musküler ve kardiyo-pulmoner sistem kaynaklı problemler meydana gelir. Fizyoterapistler sahip oldukları bilgi ve kapasiteyle bu problemlerin değerlendirilmesi, triyajı ve tedavisinde kilit rol oynarlar. Fizyoterapistlerin diğer rol ve görevleri ilk yardım, yardımcı ekipmanın sağlanması, tıbbi komplikasyonların yönetimi, ikincil yaralanmaların önlenmesi, afetzedelerin, bakım verenlerin ve diğer sağlık personellerinin eğitimidir. Afet yönetim programlarına eğitimli ve deneyimli fizyoterapistlerin dahil olduğu kapsamlı rehabilitasyon müdahalelerinin entegre edilmesi, afetzedelerin fonksiyonel durumlarının ve yaşam kalitelerinin en üst düzeye çıkarılmasına olanak sağlar. Afet yönetimi ve organizasyonlarında fizyoterapi mesleğinin rol ve sorumlulukları ile uygulama alanları konusunda sağlık personelinin, ilgili kamu kurumlarının, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının ve fizyoterapistlerin farkındalıklarının artırılması önemlidir. Fizyoterapistlerin ekip çalışması içerisindeki etkin rolü, sağlık ve sosyal politikalar üretmede ve çözüm önerileri konusunda büyük yararlar sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afetler, yönetim, fizyoterapistler, rehabilitasyon, konservatif tedavi.

The Role and Duties of Physiotherapists in Disaster Management and Disaster- Related Injuries

Öz

With the increasing frequency of disasters in Turkey, there has been a significant rise in the number of individuals requiring rehabilitation due to severe injuries, as well as high loss of life. The most effective approach to dealing with disasters is to protect society from them, and when protection fails, it is crucial to enhance society's preparedness and provide a well-equipped disaster response that includes comprehensive knowledge in the field of rehabilitation. Physiotherapists play vital roles in all stages of disaster management. The adverse effects of disasters can be minimized by preparing society through pre-disaster training and by delivering early treatment and rehabilitation services during the response and recovery phases. Post-disaster, various problems related to the musculoskeletal, neuro-muscular, and cardio-pulmonary systems arise, such as fractures, peripheral nerve damage, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, burns, respiratory issues, and amputations. Physiotherapists, leveraging their expertise and capacity, assume a key role in assessing, triaging, and treating these problems. Additionally, physiotherapists have responsibilities such as providing first aid, supplying assistive and essential equipment, managing medical complications, preventing secondary injuries, and training victims, caregivers, and other healthcare professionals. By integrating comprehensive rehabilitation interventions led by trained and experienced physiotherapists into disaster management programs, the functional status and quality of life of victims can be maximized. It is important to increase the awareness of health personnel, relevant public institutions, non-governmental organizations, and physiotherapists about the roles and responsibilities of the physiotherapy profession in disaster management and organizations and its application areas. The active role of physiotherapists in teamwork will provide great benefits in producing health and social policies and in solution proposals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disasters, management, physiotherapists, rehabilitation, conservative treatment.

Kaynakça

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