Dijital Detoks: Teknoloji Bağımlılığına Karşı Yeni bir Eğilim ve Genç Yetişkinler Özelinde bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 325 - 350, 05.12.2020

Dilek Melike Uluçay Kadriye Kobak

https://doi.org/10.24955/ilef.827235

Cited By: 3

Öz

Teknoloji bağımlılığının artması ile kişinin yüz yüze iletişimle sağlanan sosyal yaşamından, sosyal ilişkilerinden koptuğunu, yalnızlaştığını, bununla birlikte iş ve eğitim yaşantısında da performansının düştüğünü ileri süren önemli sayıda çalışmaya rastlanmaktadır. İletişim teknolojilerinin birey üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin yaygın olarak tartışılması sonucu, konu ile ilgili farkındalık seviyesi ve teknoloji kullanımını sınırlandırmaya yönelik yaklaşımlar ve uygulamalar artmaya başlamıştır. Dijital teknoloji araçlarının kullanım sürelerini sınırlandırmayı ve azaltmayı niteleyen dijital detoks davranışı, bu çerçevede ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle genç yetişkinler arasında popüler olmaya başlayan dijital detoks davranışı ile ilgili sınırlı sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç yetişkinlerin dijital detoks davranışlarını incelemek ve kendilerini bu davranışa iten nedenleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, yaygın olarak görülen dijital detoks davranışı, uygulamaları silmek, tüm bildirimleri sessize almak ve yapılan paylaşımlarda kontrollü olmaktır. Katılımcıları dijital detoksa iten sebepler ise sosyal medyanın bireylerarası iletişim üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi, güvenlik kaygıları ve odaklanma problemidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital detoks, teknoloji bağımlılığı, teknoloji tüketimi, genç yetişkinler

Digital Detox: A New Trend Against Technology Addiction Abstract

Öz

A significant number of studies suggest that an increase in technology addiction and a concomitant decrease in face-to-face communication have left individuals isolated and alienated in their social lives and decreased their performance in their professional and educational lives. To combat the negative effects of communication technologies on the individual, there is growing interest in limiting the use of technology through what is known as a ‘digital detox’ – limiting and reducing the time devoted to the use of digital technology devices. Despite the increasing popularity of the digital detox, especially among young adults, there is as yet limited research on the subject. The aim of this study is to examine the digital detox behaviour of young adults and to reveal the reasons that drive them towards this behaviour. Based on qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews, this study finds that the most common digital detox behaviour patterns are deleting applications, muting all notifications, and managing sharing behaviour. It also finds that the primary motivations behind digital detoxes are a desire to focus in one’s professional environment and to strengthen interpersonal communication in one’s private and social environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital detox, technology addiction, technology consumption, young adults

Kaynakça

• Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Ellis LC Osabutey ve Gbolahan Gbadamosi. 2016. "Understanding the Causes and Consequences of Work-family Conflict." Employee Relations 38 (5): 770-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2015-0211.
• Akkartal, Cemre. t.y. “Dijital Detox Zamanı”. Erişim tarihi 6 Temmuz 2020. http://www.brandlifemag.com/dijital-detoks-zamani/.
• Baltacı, Ali. 2018. "Nitel Araştırmalarda Örnekleme Yöntemleri ve Örnek Hacmi Sorunsalı Üzerine Kavramsal bir İnceleme." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 7 (1): 231-74.
• Baumer, Eric P. S., Shion Guha, Emily Quan, David Mimno ve Geri K. Gay. 2015. “Missing Photos, Suffering Withdrawal, or Finding Freedom? How Experiences of Social Media Non-Use Influence the Likelihood of Reversion.” Social Media + Society, (Aralık): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115614851.
• Bessière, Katherine, Sara Kiesler, Robert Kraut ve Bonka S. Boneva. 2008. “Effects of Internet Use and Social Resources on Changes In Depression.” Information, Communication and Society 11 (1): 47-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180701858851.
• Cameron, Ann Frances ve Jane Webster. 2005. “Unintended Consequences of Emerging Communication Technologies: Instant Messaging in the Workplace.” Computers in Human Behavior 21 (1): 85-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2003.12.001.
• Chang, Hui‐Jung, and Wan‐Zheng Ian. 2014. "Instant Messaging Usage and Interruptions in the Workplace." International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology 4 (2): 25-47. https://doi.org/10.5865/IJKCT.2014.4.2.025.
• Datareportal. 2019a. “Digital 2019 Global.” Erişim tarihi 22 Ocak 2020. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-q4-global-digital-statshot.
• Datareportal. 2019b. “Digital 2019 Turkey.” Erişim tarihi 22 Ocak 2020. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-turkey?rq=Turkey.
• Dailymail. 2008. “Nomophobia is the Fear of Being out of Mobile Phone Contact- and It's the Plague of Our 24/7 age.” Erişim Tarihi 08 Ekim 2020. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-550610/Nomophobia-fear-mobile-phone-contact--plague-24-7-age.html.
• Dempsey, Abigail E., Kelsey D. O'Brien, Mojisolo F. Tiamiyu ve Jon D. Elhai. 2019. “Fear of Missing out (FoMO) and Rumination Mediate Relations Between Social Anxiety and Problematic Facebook Use.” Addictive Behaviors Reports 9 (100150): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2018.100150.
• Digitaldetox. 2020. “Disconnect to Reconnect.” Erişim tarihi 6 Temmuz 2020. https://www.digitaldetox.com/.
• Dijk, Jan van. 2016. Ağ Toplumu. Çeviren: Özlem Sakin. İstanbul: Kafka Kitap.
• Drago, Emily. 2015. “The effect of Technology on Face-to-face Communication.” Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications 6 (1): 2-21. http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=1137.
• Elhai, Jon D., Jason C. Levine ve Brian J. Hall. 2019. "The Relationship Between Anxiety Symptom Severity and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Review of the Literature and Conceptual Frameworks." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 62 (Mart): 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.11.005.
• Erikson, Erik H. 1975. Childhood and Society. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
• Ertuğrul, Salih. 2020. “Akıllı Telefon Tarihi.” Erişim tarihi 6 Şubat 2020. https://mediatrend.mediamarkt.com.tr/akilli-telefon-tarihi/.
• Garrett, R. Kelly ve James N. Danziger. 2007. “IM=Interruption Management? Instant Messaging and Disruption in the Workplace.” Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication 13 (1) (Ekim): 23-42. https://doi.10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00384.x.
• Güney, Büşra. 2017. “Dijital Bağımlılığın Dijital Kültüre Dönüşmesi: Netlessfobi.” Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi 1 (2): 207-13. https://www.guvenliweb.org.tr/dosya/ou8p3.pdf.
• Güven, Erdem. 2011. “Yavaş Güzeldir: ‘Yavaş Yemek’ ten ‘Yavaş Medya’ ya Hızlı Tüketime Dair Bir Çözüm Önerisi.” Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi 7 (1): 113-21. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12131.
• Haug, Severin, Raquel Paz Castro, Min Kwon, Andreas Filler, Tobias Kowatsch ve Michael P. Schaub. 2015. “Smartphone Use and Smartphone Addiction Among Young People in Switzerland.” Journal of Behavioral Addictions 4 (4): 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.037.
• Hawi, Nazir S. ve Maya Samaha. 2017. “Relationships Among Smartphone Addiction, Anxiety, and Family Relations” Behaviour & Information Technology 36 (10): 1046-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2017.1336254.
• Hepp, Andreas. 2019. “A Deep Generational Shift? Some Remarks on Media Generations and Deep Mediatization.” Fritt Från Fältet: Om Medier, Generationer och Värden içinde, editörler Peter Jakobssonve Fredrik Stiernstedt, 21-36. Stockholm: Denna.
• Henderson, Michael, Neil Selwyn ve Rachel Aston. 2017. "What Works and Why? Student Perceptions of ‘Useful’ Digital Technology in University Teaching and Learning." Studies in Higher Education 42 (8): 1567-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1007946.
• Inauen, Jennifer, Niall Bolger, Patrick E. Shrout, Gertraud Stadler, Melanie Amrein, Pamela Rackow ve Urte Scholz. 2017. “Using Smartphone-Based Support Groups to Promote Healthy Eating in Daily Life: A Randomised Trial” Applied Psychology: Health & Well-Being 9 (3): 303-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12093.
• King, Daniel L., ve Paul H. Delfabbro. 2017. "Features of Parent-Child Relationships in Adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 15 (6): 1270-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-016-9699-6.
• Kushlev, Kostadin ve Elizabeth W. Dunn. 2015. "Checking Email Less Frequently Reduces Stress." Computers in Human Behavior 43 (Şubat): 220-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.005.
• Küçükvardar, Mert. 2018. “Dijital Detoks Zamanınız Gelmiş Olabilir!” Erişim tarihi 1 Şubat 2019. https://www.sophosakademi.org/dijital-detoks-zamaniniz-gelmis-olabilir.
• Lee, Suyinn, Cai Lian Tam ve Qiu Ting Chie. 2014. "Mobile Phone Usage Preferences: The Contributing Factors of Personality, Social Anxiety and Loneliness." Social Indicators Research 118 (3): 1205-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0460-2.
• Marinkovic, Veljko ve Zoran Kalinic. 2017. "Antecedents of Customer Satisfaction in Mobile Commerce." Online Information Review 41 (2): 138-54. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-11-2015-0364.
• Miksch, Linda ve Charlotte Schulz. 2018. “Disconnect to Reconnect: The Phenomenon of Digital Detox as a Reaction to Technology Overload” Yüksek lisans tezi, Lund Üniversitesi.
• Montag, Christian ve Peter Walla. 2016. "Carpe Diem Instead of Losing your Social Mind: Beyond Digital Addiction and Why We All Suffer from Digital Overuse." Cogent Psychology 3 (1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2016.1157281.
• Newport, Taine. 2018. “Is Internet Addiction Real?” Mental Health Matters 5 (3): 24-5. https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-fbd97b080.
• Nie, Norman H. 2001. “Sociability, Interpersonal Relations, and the Internet: Reconciling Conflicting Findings.” American Behavioral Scientist 45 (3): 420-35. doi:10.1177/00027640121957277.
• Nisar, Tahir M., Guru Prabhakar ve Lubica Strakova. 2019."Social Media Information Benefits, Knowledge Management and Smart Organizations." Journal of Business Research 94 (Ocak): 264-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.05.005.
• Ofcom 2016. “Communications Market Report”. Erişim tarihi 15 Temmuz 2020. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/26826/cmr_uk_2016.pdf.
• Rauch, Jennifer. 2020. “Slow Media.” Erişim tarihi 6 Temmuz 2020. https://slow-media.org/.
• Reinecke, Leonard, Stefan Aufenanger, Manfred E. Beute, Michael Dreier, Oliver Quiring, Briget Stark, Klaus Wölfling ve Kai W. Müller. 2017. “Digital Stress Over the Life Span: The Effects of Communication Load and Internet Multitasking on Perceived Stress and Psychological Health Impairments in a German Probability Sample.” Media Psychology 20 (1): 90-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1121832.
• Rennecker, Julie ve Lindsey Godwin. 2005. "Theorizing the Unintended Consequences of Instant Messaging for Worker Productivity." Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Environments, Systems and Organizations 3 (3): 137-168, http://sprouts.case.edu/2003/030307.pdf.
• Ribak, Rivka ve Michele Rosenthal. 2015. "Smartphone Resistance as Media Ambivalence." First Monday 20 (11). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i11.6307.
• Schneider, Tali, Anthony Dominic Panzera, Mary Martinasek, Robert McDermott, Marisa Couluris, James Lindenberger ve Carol Bryant. 2016. “Physicians’ Perceptions of Mobile Technology for Enhancing Asthma Care for Youth.” Journal of Child Health Care 20 (2): 153–63. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493514556555 .
• Schoenebeck, Sarita Yardi. 2014. "Giving up Twitter for Lent: How and Why We Take Breaks from Social Media." the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems bildiri kitabı içinde, Toronto, Kanada, 26 Nisan-1 Mayıs 2014: 773-82. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2556983.
• Song, Hayeon, Anne Zmyslinski-Seelig, Jinyoung Kim, Adam Drent, Angela Victor, Kikuko Omori ve Mike Allen. 2014. “Does Facebook Make You Lonely? A Meta Analysis.” Computers in Human Behavior 36 (Temmuz): 446-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.011.
• Sum, Shima, Mark. R. Mathews, Mohsen Pourghasem ve Ian Hughes. 2008. “Internet Technology and Social Capital: How the Internet Affects Seniors’ Social Capital and Wellbeing.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 14 (1): 202-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01437.x.
• Syvertsen, Trine, ve Gunn Enli. 2020. “Digital Detox: Media Resistance and the Promise of Authenticity.” Convergence 26 (5-6): 1269–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856519847325.
• Turkle, Sherry. 2015. “Stop googling. Let’s talk.” The New York Times, 27 Eylül 2015. Erişim tarihi 10 Şubat 2020. https://nyti.ms/2TPGjxZ.
• Twenge, Jean. M. 2017. “Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation” The Atlantic, 8 Kasım 2020. https://bit.ly/3d1hDdF.
• Uğur, Naciye Güliz ve Tuğba Koç. 2015. “Time for Digital Detox: Misuse Of Mobile Technology and Phubbing” Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 (Temmuz): 1022-31. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.491.
• Uzun, Kadriye ve Uluçay, Dilek, M. 2017. “İş Ortamında Whatsapp Kullanımı ve Kesintiye Uğrama.” Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi 10 (1): 216-31. https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.306677.
• Velthoven, Michelle H van, John Powell ve Georgina Powell. 2018. “Problematic Smartphone Use: Digital Approaches to an Emerging Public Health Problem.” Digital Health, (Ocak). https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207618759167.
• Wellman, Barry, Anabel Quan Haase, James Witte ve Keith Hampton. 2001. “Does the Internet Increase, Decrease, or Supplement Social Capital? Social Networks, Participation, and Community Commitment.” American Behavioral Scientist 45 (3): 436-55. https://journals.sagepub.com/home/abs.
• Wilcockson, Thomas D.W., Ashley M. Osborne, ve David A. Ellis. 2019. “Digital Detox: The Effect of Smartphone Abstinence on Mood, Anxiety, and Craving.” Addictive Behaviors 99 (Aralık): 106-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.002.
• Yıldırım, Ali ve Hasan Şimşek. 2008. Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin.
• Yıldırım, Cağlar, Evren Şumuer, Müge Adnan ve Soner Yıldırım. 2016. “A Growing Fear: Prevalence of Nomophobia among Turkish College Students.” Information Development 32 (5): 1322–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666915599025.
• Yıldırım, Serdar ve Ahmet Nesimi Kişioğlu. 2018. “Teknolojinin Getirdiği Yeni Hastalıklar: Nomofobi, Netlessfobi, Fomo.” SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 25 (4): 473-80. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.380640.
• Young, Kimberly S. 1999. “Internet Addiction: Symptoms, Evaluation and Treatment.” Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book içinde, editörler Leon VandeCreek ve Thomas L. Jackson, 19-31. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press. http://netaddiction.com/articles/habitforming.pdf.
• Yusufoğlu, Ömür Şükrü. 2017. “Boş Zaman Faaliyeti Olarak Akıllı Telefonlar ve Sosyal Yaşam Üzerine Etkileri: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma.” İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (5): 2414-34. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=87691406-893c-4c72-9abd-60fbe85b5d87%40pdc-v-sessmgr03.