Avrupa'da Aşırı Sağ Partilerin Yükselişi ve Göç Politikalarına Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 276 - 304, 30.06.2025

Mesut Şöhret

https://doi.org/10.54282/inijoss.1656027

Öz

Göç, son yıllarda Avrupanın siyasi gündeminde giderek daha belirgin bir yer edinmiştir. Bu durum, özellikle aşırı sağcı partilerin yükselişiyle doğrudan ilişkilidir; bu partiler, Avrupa genelinde göç politikalarının şekillenmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Fransa'da Ulusal Birlik ve Almanya'da Alternatif için Alternatif (AfD) gibi partiler, medyada göçmen karşıtı söylemler kullanarak, ciddi bir seçim başarısı elde etmiştir. Hollanda, Avusturya ve İtalya’nn yanın da neredeyse tüm önemli üleklerde bu eğilimi destekleyen örnekler arasında yer almaktadır. Bu durum Avrupa siyasetinde göçmen karşıtı söylem ve politikaların toplum üzerindeki etkisini açıkça göstermektedir. Aşırı sağın yükselişi, Avrupa’da sınır kontrollerinin sıkılaşmasına ve göçmenlere karşı güvenlikleştirici politikaların artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu süreç, Avrupa vatandaşlarının ekonomik ve güvenlik kaygılarıyla beslenmektedir. Örneğin, düşük ücretler ve iş bulmada rekabet, yerel vatandaşların endişelerini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca, terör saldırları gibi güvenlik tehditleri, halkın göçmenlere yönelik olumsuz tutumunu pekiştirmekte ve bu durum, siyasi arenada göç konusunun daha da ön plana çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Aşırı sağcı partiler, göç konusunu sürekli gündeme getirerek ana akım partilerin politikalarını şekillendirmekte ve bu partilerin sağa kaymasında belirleyici bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu ‘kayma’, çoğu durumda, göçmenlere yönelik daha sert ve kısıtlayıcı politikaların benimsenmesi ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma Avrupa'daki aşırı sağ partilerin göç politikaları üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkinin ülkelerin iç politikaları üzerindeki dinamik değişimleri detaylı bir biçimde analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aşırı sağcı partilerin seçmen tabanındaki büyüme, toplumsal kamplaşmayı artırmakta ve mevcut politikaların yeniden şekillenmesine neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu süreçlerin, Avrupa’daki sosyal dokunun ve siyasi iklimin nasıl değiştiğini anlamak için derinlemesine incelenmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşırı Sağ Partiler , Avrupa’da Aşırı Sağ Partiler , Avrupa’da Göçmen Karşıtlığı , Avrupa’da Popülist Partiler , Aşırı Sağ Partilerin Göç Politikaları

The Rise of Far-Right Parties in Europe and Their Impact On Migration Policies

Öz

Migration has gained an increasingly prominent place on the European political agenda in recent years. This is directly related to the rise of far-right parties, which play an important role in shaping migration policies across Europe. Parties such as the National Union in France and the Alternative for Alternative (AfD) in Germany have achieved significant electoral success by utilising anti-immigrant rhetoric in the media. In addition to the Netherlands, Austria, and Italy, almost all major countries support this trend. This situation clearly shows the impact of anti-immigrant discourse and policies in European politics on society. The rise of the far right has led to tighter border controls in Europe and increased securitising policies against migrants. This process is fuelled by the economic and security concerns of European citizens. For instance, low wages and competition for jobs increase the concerns of local citizens. Moreover, security threats, such as terrorist attacks, reinforce the public's negative attitude towards migrants, which leads to the issue of migration becoming more prominent in the political arena. By constantly raising the issue of migration, far-right parties shape the policies of mainstream parties and play a decisive role in shifting them to the right. This ‘shift’, in most cases, results in the adoption of harsher and more restrictive policies towards migrants. This study aims to analyse in detail the influence of far-right parties in Europe on migration policies and the dynamic changes this influence has on the domestic policies of countries. The growth in the electoral base of far-right parties increases social polarisation and leads to a reshaping of existing policies. Therefore, these processes need to be analysed in depth to understand how the social fabric and political climate in Europe are changing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Far-Right Parties , Far-Right Parties in Europe , Anti-Immigration in Europe , Populist Parties in Europe , Migration Policies of Far-Right Parties

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