The Role of Mass Media in Terrorism and Its Effect on Individuals

Yıl 2020, , 47 - 64, 04.07.2020

Ahmet Yiğitalp Tulga

https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.695346

Cited By: 2

Öz

Nowadays terrorism is one of the biggest problems in the world. In particular, afterward the twin towers attack in the United States on September 11, 2001, this has become a bigger problem for most of the countries in the world. Following in time the 9/11 terrorist attack, many governments launched a war against global terrorism in different parts of the world. Even the community psychology, which is not threatened by global terrorism, is negatively affected by extremist groups’ coverage in media. Asian countries like Japan, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea are the best examples of that. For this cause, in this research two linear regression are analyzed and Taiwanese newspaper text analyses are made. The main purpose and motivation of this research is to analyze the importance of media on terrorism and terrorist acts and how the media affects people’s thoughts and psychology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Terrorism, Psychology, Opinion, Media, Mass Media

Kaynakça

• Ahern, Jennifer, Sandro Galea, Heidi Resnick, Dean Kilpatrick, Michael Bucuvalas, Joel Gold, and David Vlahov. “Television Images and Psychological Symptoms After the September 11 Terrorist Attacks”. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes. 65/4 (2002): 289-300.
• Aksoy, Gonca Pervin, and Fatma Nisan. “Türkiye’deki Terör Olayları Çerçevesinde Ankara Patlamaları Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi Çalışması”. TRT Akademi. 2/3 (2001): 134-158.
• Alakoc, Burcu Pınar. “When Suicide Kills: An Empirical Analysis of the Lethality of Suicide Terrorism”. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV). 11 (2017): a493-a93.
• Al-Ameri, Mamdoh Suleiman. “Media and USF Students’ Perception of Terrorism”. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, University of South Florida, 2013, http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4429.
• Alexander, Yonah. “Terrorism, the Media and the Police”. Journal of International Affairs. 48 (1978): 101-13.
• Andersen, Robert, and Robert Brym. “How Terrorism Affects Attitudes Toward Democracy: Tunisia in 2015”. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie. 54/4 (2017): 519-529.
• Avdan, Nazli, and Clayton Webb. “The Big, the Bad, and the Dangerous: Public Perceptions and Terrorism”. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict. 11/1 (2018): 3-25. Azam, Jean-Paul. “Suicide-Bombing as Inter-Generational Investment”. Public Choice. 122/1-2 (2005): 177-98.
• Brouard, Sylvain, Pavlos Vasilopoulos, and Martial Foucault. “How Terrorism Affects Political Attitudes: France in the Aftermath of the 2015–2016 Attacks”. West European Politics. 41/5 (2018): 1073-1099.
• Bruhn, Dorothee C. “News Coverage on Terrorism: The Influence of Affect-Laden Images on Information Processing”. Undergraduate Thesis, University of Twente, 2009.
• Burke, Jason. “There is No Silver Bullet’: Isis, Al-Qaida and the Myths of Terrorism”. The Guardian, 19th of August 2015. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/19/isis-al-qaida-myths-terrorism-war-mistakes-9-11
• Central Intelligence Agency. “Terrorism”. 2007. Accessed 21 June 2020, Retrieved from, https://www.cia.gov/news-information/cia-the-war-on-terrorism/terrorism faqs.html?tab=list-3.
• Criado, Poveda, and Miguel Ángel. “Journalism as a Terrorism Captation Weapon”. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI. 49(2019): 59-80.
• Dauber, Cori E., Mark D. Robinson, Jovan J. Baslious, and Austin G. Blair. “Call of Duty: Jihad-How the Video Game Motif Has Migrated Downstream from Islamic State Propaganda Videos”. Perspectives on Terrorism. 13/3 (2019).
• Farwell, James P., and Darby J. Arakelian. “Using Information in Contemporary War”. Parameters. 46/3 (2016). Fishman, S., et al. “The Role of Individualistic and Collectivistic Goals in Support for Terrorist Attacks”. Manuscript Submitted for Publication. 2007.
• Galehan, Jordan. “Instruments of Violence: Female Suicide Bombers of Boko Haram”. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. 58 (2019): 113-23.
• Gerbner, George, Larry Gross, Michael Morgan, Nancy Signorielli, and James Shanahan. “Growing up with Television: Cultivation Processes”. Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research. 1/2 (2002): 43-67.
• Gilsinan, Kathy. “Terrorist Attacks on Schools Have Soared in the Past 10 Years”. The Atlantic, December 17, 2014.
• Güzel, Cemal. Silinen Yüzler Karşısında Terör. Ankara: Ayraç Yayınevi, 2002.
• Huff, Connor, and Joshua D. Kertzer. “How the Public Defines Terrorism”. American Journal of Political Science. 62/1 (2018): 55-71.
• Inglehart, R., C. Haerpfer, A. Moreno, C. Welzel, K. Kizilova, J. Diez-Medrano, M. Lagos, P. Norris, E. Ponarin and B. Puranen. “World Values Survey: Round Six”. Access 20 June 2019. Retrieved from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV6.jsp.
• Jetter, Michael. “Terrorism and the Media”. IZA Discussion Paper, 8497 (2014): 3-20.
• Kaplan, Jeffrey. “Terrorism’s Fifth Wave: A Theory, a Conundrum and a Dilemma”. Perspectives on Terrorism. 2/2 (2008): 12-24.
• Krueger, Alan B., and David D. Laitin. “Kto kogo?: A Cross-Country Study of the Origins and Targets of Terrorism”. Terrorism, Economic Development, and Political Openness. 5 (2008): 148-173.
• Kwon, K. Hazel, Monica Chadha, and Kirstin Pellizzaro. “Proximity and Terrorism News in Social Media: A Construal-Level Theoretical Approach to Networked Framing of Terrorism in Twitter”. Mass Communication and Society. 20/6 (2017): 869-894.
• Macnair, Logan. “Linguistic and Narrative Trends Among Islamic State Videos and Magazines”. Canadian Network for Research on Terrorism, Security, and Society. (2018): 80-120.
• Madhumitha, Dharmapuri Selvakumar. “Terrorism in Media Land”. Mass Communication and Society. (2017): 32-67.
• Marotta, Emanuele and Alfredo Nunzi. “Chapter 19”. In International Encyclopedia of Political Science. Ed., Bertrand Badie Dirk, Berg-Schlosser and Leonardo Morlino. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2011. McCormick, Gordon H. “Terrorist Decision Making”. Annual Review of Political Science. 6/1 (2003): 473-507.
• Miller, Bowman H. “Terrorism and Language: A Text‐Based Analysis of the German Case”. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism. 9/4 (1987): 373-407.
• Mroszczyk, Joseph. Chasing Ghosts: The Policing of Terrorism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
• Norris, Pippa, Montague Kern, and Marion R Just. Framing Terrorism: Understanding Terrorist Threats and Mass Media. London: Routledge, 2003.
• O’Ballance, Edgar. Language of Violence: The Blood Politics of Terrorism. San Rafael, CA: Presidio Press, 1979.
• Özeren, Özlem Çapan. “Chapter 3”. Crisis File: Terror at Atatürk Airport. Ed., Ömer Akgül. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018.
• Perešin, Anita. “Fatal Attraction: Western Muslimas and ISIS”. Perspectives on Terrorism. 9/3 (2015): 21-38.
• Pfeiffer, Christoph P. “Causalities and Casualties: Media Attention and Terrorism, 1970-2010”. Diskussionspapier. 127(2012).
• Rapoport, David C. The Four Waves of Modern Terrorism. Attacking Terrorism: Elements of a Grand Strategy. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2004.
• Rinker, Tyler. “Calculate Text Polarity Sentiment”. Accessed 21 June 2020, retrieved from https://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/sentimentr/sentimentr.pdf.
• Roser, Max, Hannah Ritchie and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina. “Internet”. Accessed 21 June 2020, Retrieved from: ‘https://ourworldindata.org/internet’.
• Rubin, G. James, et al. “Enduring consequences of terrorism: 7-month follow-up survey of reactions to the bombings in London on 7 July 2005”. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 190/4 (2007): 350-356.
• Secara, Diana. “The Role of Social Networks in the Work of Terrorist Groups. The Case of Isis and Al-Qaeda”. Research and Science Today. 3 (2015): 77.
• Spencer, Alexander. “The Social Construction of Terrorism: Media, Metaphors and Policy Implications”. Journal of International Relations and Development. 15/3 (2012): 393-419.
• Taylor, Robert W., Eric J. Fritsch, and John Liederbach. Digital Crime and Digital Tterrorism. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Press, 2014.
• Teymur, Samih. ”A Conceptual Map for Understanding the Terrorist Recruitment Process: Observation and Analysis of DHKP/C, PKK, and Turkish Hezbollah Terrorist Organizations”. PhD. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007.
• Van Schepen, Randall K. “Gerhard Richter’s Critical Artistic Strategies: Politics, Terrorism and War”. Messages, Sages, and Ages. 4/1 (2017): 7-23.
• Vitale, Heather Marie, and James M Keagle. “A Time to Tweet, as Well as a Time to Kill: Isis’s Projection of Power in Iraq and Syria”. Defense Horizons. 77 (2014): 1.
• Weinberg, Leonard, and William L. Eubank. “Chapter 4”. Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century: Strategic and Tactical Considerations. Ed., James J. Forest. Wesport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.
• Welbers, Kasper, Wouter Van Atteveldt and Kenneth Benoit. “Text Analysis in R., Communication Methods and Measures”. 11/4 (2017): 245-265.
• Wilkinson, Paul. “The Media and Terrorism: A Reassessment”. Terrorism and Political Violence. 9/2 (1997): 51-64.
• Yeniçeri, Zuhal, and Ali Donmez. “Perception of Terrorism and Terrorist: How Important Who Holds the Gun?”. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 23/62 (2008): 93-107.