Cohesion Perception of Tunisian Elite Sport Children

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 10 - 22, 30.03.2018

Wissal Boughattas Hela Znazen

Öz

The purpose of the
current study was to examine perceptions of team cohesiveness in Tunisian sport
elite children aged 9 to 12 years. Eighty-one young Tunisian athletes (43
males, 38 females) age 10.34±1.87 years, from four elementary schools in the city of
Tunisian voluntarily participated in this
study. This work is designed to examine participants’ perceptions of (a) the
definition of cohesion and indicators of cohesive and no-cohesive groups and
(b) methods used to attempt to develop cohesion in their groups. Overall, the
results demonstrated that Tunisian sportive children understand the concept of
cohesion and comprehend the phenomenon known as cohesion. Specifically,
participant distinct to both task cohesion and social cohesion, describe the
characteristics of cohesive and non-cohesive teams
and identify methods used to attempt to develop cohesion in their groups. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cohesion, Children, Sports team

Kaynakça

• Baumeister RF, Leary MR (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 495-529. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497
• Baumeister RF. Leary MR (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachment as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 497–529.
• Boughattas W, Kridis N (2016). Validation transculturelle d’une mesure de cohésion au sein d’une population tunisienne. «Questionnaire d’ambiance de groupe (Heuzé et Fontayne, 2002)» Pratiques psychologiques.
• Boughattas W, Kridis N (2017) Exploring the Relationship between Cohesion and Collective Efficacy in Tunisian Sports Teams: Validation of the Tunisian Version of the Collective Efficacy Questionnaire for Collective Sports. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport IntJSCS, 5(1):46-59
• Carron AV, Brawley LR, Widmeyer WN (1998). The measurement of cohesiveness in sport groups. In J.L. Duda (Ed.), Advances in sport and exercise psychology measurement (pp.213–226). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
• Carron AV, Brawley LR, Widmeyer WN (2002). The Group Environment Questionnaire test manual. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
• Carron AV, Eys MA (2012). Group dynamics in sport (4th ed.). Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.
• Carron AV, Widmeyer WN, Brawley LR (1985). The development of an instrument to measure cohesion in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 244–266.
• Delorme N, Chalabaev A, Raspaud M (2011). Relative age is associated with sport dropout: evidence from youth categories of French basketball. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21, 120-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01060.x
• Dion KL (2000). Group cohesion: From “field of forces” to multidimensional construct. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 7-20. doi:10.1037/1089-2699.4.1.7
• Donkers JL, Martin LJ, Paradis KF, Anderson S (2014). The social environment in children’s sport. Int. J. Sport Psychol, 45, 1-00.
• Ewing ME, Seefeldt V (1996). Patterns of participation and attrition in American agency sponsored youth sports. In F. L. Smoll and R. E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocial perspective (pp. 31-45). Dubuque, IA: Brown & Benchmark.
• Eys MA, Loughead TM, Bray SR, Carron AV (2009a). Perceptions of cohesion by youth sport participants. The Sport Psychologist, 23, 330–345.
• Eys MA, Loughead TM, Bray SR, Carron AV (2009b). Development of a cohesion questionnaire for youth: The Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 390–408.
• Holt N, Black D, Tamminen K, Fox K, Mandigo J (2007). Orders of social complexity and early adolescent females’ peer experiences in sport. Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology, Windsor, Ontario, Canada, 38.
• Krane V, Anderson MB, Strean WB (1997). Issues of qualitative research methods and presentation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 19, 213–218.
• Krueger RA, Casey MA (2000). Focus group: A practical guide for applied research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• Martin LJ, Carron AV, Eys MA, Loughead TM (2011). Children’s perceptions of cohesion. Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 7, 11-25. doi: 10.1037/a0024691.
• Martin LJ, Carron AV, Eys MA, Loughead TM (2012). Development of a cohesion inventory for children’s sport teams. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16, 68-79. doi: 10.1037/a0024691.
• Paradis KF, Loughead TM (2012). Examining the mediating role of cohesion between athlete leadership and athlete satisfaction in youth sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 43, 117-136.
• Passer MW (1996). At what age are children ready to compete? Some psychological considerations. In F.L. Smoll & R.E. Smith (Eds.), Children and youth in sport: A biopsychosocial perspective (pp.73–86). Madison, WI: Brown & Benchmark.
• Scanlan TK, Babkes ML., Scanlan LA (2005). Participation in sport: A developmental glimpse at emotion. Organized activities as contexts of development: Extracurricular activities, after-school and community programs, 275-309.
• Spink KS, Nickel D, Wilson K, Odnokon P (2005). Using a multilevel approach to examine the relationship between task cohesion and team task satisfaction in elite ice hockey players. Small Group Research, 36, 539–554
• Spink KS, Wilson KS, Odnokon P (2010). Examining the relationship between cohesion and return to team in elite athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 6-11. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.06.002.
• Spink KS (1990). Group cohesion and collective efficacy of volleyball teams. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 12, 301–311.
• Spink KS, Carron AV (1994). Group cohesion effects in exercise classes. Small Group Research, 25, 26–42.
• Täuber S, Sassenberg K (2012). Newcomer conformity: How self-construal affects the alignment of cognition and behavior with group goals in novel groups. Social Psychology, 43(3), 138–147. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000092
• Weiss MR, Petlichkoff L (1989). Children’s motivation for participation in and withdrawal from sport: Identifying the missing links. Pediatric Exercise Science, 1, 195-211.