Characteristics of Body Length Proportion of Gymnast Champions in Olympic Games

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 210 - 216, 22.06.2018

Ranu Baskora Aji Putra Muhammad Arif Alı

Öz

Body length of gymnasts is important in the selection of movement and satisfaction in artistic
gymnastics. The data show that the average champion gymnast has a moderate height and
tends toward the short. This study was carried out to determine and identify the ideal body
length proportion variable in the artistic world gymnast. This descriptive study of image
analysis focuses on the coarse size of the body length proportion of the world gymnasts,
including height, shelf, tread length, thigh length, calf length, upper arm length, and bottom to
know and identify ideal proportion, data collection done with the technique of browsing and
found as many as 75 world champions all around Olympiad. Image analysis postures of
Olympic artistic gymnasts were defined using UNG software “Ukuran Nyata Gambar”. This
study answers the question of the ideal length for the champions of gymnasts which are; 1)
Profile Olympians Champion / all-around Olympiad men and women vary but fall into the
category of small and low body mass, with the body type of dominance ectomesomorphy.
This is a physiological adaptation to master movement on all apparatus, 2. Standard height
and ideal body length proportion of MOG (Men Olympic Gymnastic) champion range of
height between 162 to 169 cm with a ratio of 41.3% -43.7% upper body length, 55 - 56.2%
lower body length, while WOG (Women Olympic Gymnastic) champion is high between 151
to 161 cm with a length ratio between upper body of 40-45% and 55 - 56.2% lower body
length. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artistic Gymnastics, body length proportion, gymnast champion all around

Kaynakça

• AHall Susan J (2007). Basic biomechanics. 5nd edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
• Bacciotti, S., Baxter-Jones, A., Gaya, A., & Maia, J. (2017). The Physique of Elite Female Artistic Gymnasts: A Systematic Review. Journal of human kinetics, 58(1), 247-259.
• Bacciotti S, Baxter-Jones A, Gaya A, Maia J (2017). The Physique of Elite Female Artistic Gymnasts: A Systematic Review. Journal of human kinetics, 58(1), 247-259.
• Baxter-Jones ADG, Thompson AM, Malina RM (2002). Growth and maturation in elite young female athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev; 10: 42-49
• Boraczyński M, Boraczyński T, Podstawski R, Laskin J, Choszcz D, Lipiński A (2017). Relationships between anthropometric features, body proportion, and anaerobic alactic power in elite post-pubertal and mature male taekwondo athletes. Human Movement, 18(4), 30-40.
• Caine D, Lewis T, O'connor T, Howe W, Bass S (2001). Does gymnastics training inhibit growth of females? Clin J Sport Med, 11: 260-270.
• Caine DJ, Russell K, Lim,L (Eds.) (2013). Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science, Gymnastics. John Wiley & Sons
• Caine D, Lewis R, O'connor P, Howe W, Bass S (2001). Does gymnastics training inhibit growth of females?. Clinical journal of sport medicine, 11(4), 260-270.
• Coutinho P, Mesquita I (2016). Fonseca AM. Talent development in sport: A critical review of pathways to expert performance. Int J Sports Sci Coach; 11: 279-293.
• Greene DA, Wiebe PN, Naughton GA (2009). Influence of drop-landing exercises on bone geometry and biomechanical properties in prepubertal girls: a randomized controlled study. Calcified Tissue International, 85(2), 94-103.
• Hamill J, Knutzen Kathleen M (2003). Biomechanical basis of human movement.2 nd edition. USA: Philadelpihia.
• Hausenblas HA, Downs DS (2001). Comparison of body image between athletes and nonathletes: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(3), 323-339.
• Horak FB (2006). Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls?. Age and ageing, 35(suppl_2), ii7-ii11.
• Irwin G, Hanton S, Kerwin D (2004).Reflective practice and the origins of elite coaching knowledge. Reflective practice, 5(3), 425-442.
• Laing EM, Massoni JA, Nickols-Richardson SM, Modlesky CM, O'connor PJ, Lewis RD (2002). A prospective study of bone mass and body proportion in female adolescent gymnasts. The Journal of pediatrics, 141(2), 211-216.
• Malina RM, Bar-Or O (2004). Bouchard C Growth, maturation, and physical activity. Champaign: Human Kinetics.
• Malina RM, Baxter-Jones ADG, Armstrong N, Beunen GP, Caine D, Daly RM, Lewis RD, Rogol AD, Russell K (2013). Role of intensive training in the growth and maturation ofartistic gymnasts. Sports Med; 43: 783-802
• Malina RM, Little BB, Bouchard C, Carter JEL, Hughes PCR, Kunze D, Ahmed L (1984). Growth status of Olympic athletes less than 18 years of age. In: Carter JEL, (ed.) Physical structure of Olympic athletes. Part II. Kinanthropometry of Olympic athletes. Basel: Karguer, 183-201; 198
• Okada T, Huxel KC, Nesser TW (2011).Relationship between core stability, functional movement, and performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 252- 261.
• Prassas S, Kwon YH, Sands WA (2006). Biomechanical research in artistic gymnastics: a review. Sports Biomechanics, 5(2), 261-291 Razi H, Faraji H, Mehrtash M (2013). Anthropometric and physiological profile of Iranian junior elite gymnasts. Facta universitatis-series: Physical Education and Sport, 11(1), 35-41
• Yeadon MR, King MA (2007). Computer simulation modelling in sport. Biomechanical evaluation of movement in sport and exercise, 176.